Abstract: An overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum includes a curable composition having about 20 to about 80 percent by weight of a charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable functional groups as exemplified below: where R1 and R2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group, R3 and R4 are hydrogen atoms, and R5 and R6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable functional group. The curable composition may also include a non-radical polymerizable additive, such as a surfactant, and/or a curing agent.

Abstract: A method of making a grating, the method including: providing a substrate, placing a first photoresist layer on the substrate, locating a second photoresist layer on the first photoresist layer, wherein a second exposure dose of the second photoresist layer is greater than a first exposure dose of the first photoresist layer; exposing the first photoresist layer and the second photoresist layer; developing the first photoresist layer and the second photoresist layer and removing an exposed photoresist to form a patterned photoresist layer and obtain an exposed surface of the substrate, wherein the patterned photoresist layer defines a plurality of top surfaces and a plurality of side surfaces, each adjacent top surface and side surface, and the exposed surface form a Z-type surface; depositing a preformed layer on the Z-type surface to form a Z-type structure; removing the patterned photoresist layer.

Abstract: An improved organic photoconductor drum used in an electrophotographic image forming device and method to make the same is provided. The organic photoconductor drum contains a protective overcoat. The protective overcoat is prepared from a curable composition including a charge transport molecule containing four radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional groups containing an oxygen atom of the general structure shown below: where R1 and R2 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional group containing an oxygen atom, R3 and R4 are a non-radical polymerizable functional group, and R5 and R6 contain a spacer group and a radical polymerizable hydrophilic functional group containing an oxygen atom. The curable composition may also contain at least one curing agent. This organic photoconductor drum has excellent wear resistance without negatively altering the electrophotographic properties, thus protecting the organic photoconductor drum from damage and extending its service life.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel fullerene derivatives, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to mixtures and formulations containing them, to the use of the fullerene derivatives, mixtures and formulations as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising, or being prepared from, these fullerene derivatives, mixtures or formulations.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a cylindrical shape, including a plurality of concave portions on a surface thereof, wherein a sum of opening areas of the concave portions is 5% or more and 65% or less based on a total area of a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, an average value davg of depths of the concave portions satisfies the following Equation (1), 0.4?davg?3.0(?m)??Equation (1) a sum of opening areas of concave portions having a specific depth d is 95% or more of the sum of the opening areas of the concave portions, an average value Lavg of maximum widths of openings of the concave portions in a circumferential direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is 20 ?m or more and 200 ?m or less, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member has at least one specific region B.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel mixtures of substituted fullerenes, to their use in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising these fullerene mixtures.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which forms an image on a medium on the basis of an input image signal includes: an image carrier configured to carry a developed toner image transferred to the medium on a photoreceptor layer; a contact member arranged so as to be in contact with the surface of the photoreceptor layer; a trace pattern generating unit configured to generate a trace pattern indicating specific information on the image forming apparatus; a composition unit configured to add the trace pattern to the image signal; and an acquiring unit configured to acquire information on the thickness of the photoreceptor layer of the image carrier, wherein the trace pattern is used for arranging a plurality of image areas at respective positions, and the trace pattern generating unit is configured to generate the trace pattern with the image area whose size is reduced in accordance with reduction of the thickness of the photoreceptor layer.

Abstract: The invention has a process of preparing a dispersion liquid by dispersing particles containing a charge transporting substance and a binder resin in liquid medium containing a specific liquid to prepare a dispersion liquid and a process of forming a coat of the dispersion liquid, and heating and drying the coat to dissolve the particles containing the charge transporting substance and the binder resin with liquid medium to form a charge transporting layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to coated photoconductors. In an example, a coated photoconductor can comprise a photoconductor including a substrate having a charge generation layer and charge transport layer adhered thereto and a top coating adhered to the photoconductor. The top coating can comprise a cross-linkable polymer, a cross-linker, and a polymeric dopant having a weight average molecular weight of less than 500,000. Additionally, the top coating can have a thickness of 0.1 ?m to 12 ?m and the polymeric dopant can be present in the top coating at a concentration of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %.

Abstract: An overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum of an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The overcoat layer is prepared from a curable composition including a urethane resin having at least six radical polymerizable functional groups. The at least six radical polymerizable functional groups may include acrylate group, methacrylate group, styrenic group, allylic group, vinylic group, glycidyl ether group, epoxy group, or combinations thereof. This overcoat layer has an improved wear resistance, thus protecting the organic photoconductor drum from damage and extending its service life.

Abstract: A surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured product of a composition containing a hole transporting substance having an acryloyloxy group and/or a methacryloyloxy group and a siloxane-modified acrylic compound.

Abstract: An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cured product having electron transportability and a particle including titanium oxide, and a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cured product of a composition including a hole transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group and a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: A method of preparing a photoconductor drum having an overcoat layer is provided. The photoconductor drum is used in an electrophotographic image forming device. The photoconductor drum is prepared from a curable composition including a urethane resin having at least six radical polymerizable functional groups and a charge transport molecule having at least one radical polymerizable functional group. The amount of the urethane resin having at least six radical polymerizable functional groups in the curable composition is about 35 percent to about 65 percent by weight. The amount of the charge transport molecules having at least one radical polymerizable functional group in the curable composition is about 35 percent to about 65 percent by weight. This overcoat layer improves wear resistance of the photoconductor drum without negatively altering the electrophotographic properties, thus protecting the photoconductor drum from damage and extending its useful life.

Abstract: According to aspects of the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a compound having at least one polymerizable functional group. Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member whose surface layer comprises a compound (urea derivative) having a certain structure, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic photoreceptor which provides stable, high evenness of in-plane image density over a long period of time, and a production process of the organic photoreceptor. The organic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, an organic photosensitive layer, and a surface layer made of a cured resin, which are stacked in this order. The surface layer is obtained by curing a composition containing a radical polymerizable compound for forming the cured resin, metal oxide fine particles having a surface treated with a silane coupling agent, and a silane compound represented by the following general formula (1), wherein R1 to R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and at least one of R1 to R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A photoreceptor includes a substrate a charge generating layer disposed on the substrate and a charge transport layer disposed on the charge generating layer, the charge transport layer includes a hole transport molecule, a fluorinated diol, and a leveling agent, the charge transport layer is substantially free of a polymer binder and catalyst, and has a post-discharge voltage of less than about 10 volts.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: preparing a solution including a charge transporting substance, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-atom-containing polyacrylate, a fluorine-atom-containing polymethacrylate, a polycarbonate having a siloxane bond, a polyester having a siloxane bond, a polystyrene having a siloxane bond, a silicone oil, a polyolefin, an aliphatic acid, an aliphatic acid amide and an aliphatic acid ester; preparing an emulsion by using the solution and water; forming a coat of the emulsion on a support; and heating the coat to form a charge transporting layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member that includes the outermost surface layer formed by curing a mixture of a charge transporting substance having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a urea compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2), and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the amount of an organic solvent to be used for a coating solution for a charge transporting layer is reduced, and the stability of the coating solution for a charge transporting layer after preservation for a long time is improved, enabling formation of a charge transporting layer having high uniformity. The method includes: preparing a solution containing a charge transporting substance, a resin having a carbonyl group, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the formula (A), a compound represented by the formula (B), a compound represented by the formula (C), a compound represented by the formula (D), and a compound represented by the formula (E); dispersing the solution in water to prepare an emulsion; forming a coat by using the emulsion; and heating the coat to form a charge transporting layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having high uniformity of the surface of its undercoat layer by which the usage of an organic solvent is reduced and the stability of an application liquid for an undercoat layer after its long-term storage is improved in the step of forming the undercoat layer. The process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes the steps of: preparing a solution containing a liquid whose solubility in water at 25° C. and 1 atmosphere is 3.0 mass % or less and an electron transporting substance; preparing an emulsion by dispersing the solution in water; forming a coat of the emulsion on a support; and forming the undercoat layer by heating the coat.

Abstract: In a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, in particular, a process of forming a charge transporting layer, a production process is provided by which the stability of a charge transporting layer coating fluid even after its storage for a long time is improved so as to form a coat for a charge transporting layer having a high uniformity.

Abstract: Provided are a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, particularly, a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an organic device by which, in a method of forming a charge transporting layer, the stability of an application liquid for the layer after long-term storage is improved while the usage of an organic solvent in the application liquid is curtailed, and the layer having high uniformity is formed. The method is a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member which includes a support and a charge transporting layer formed thereon, the method including: preparing a solution including: a first liquid whose solubility in water under 25° C. and 1 atmosphere is 1.0 mass % or less; a second liquid whose solubility in water under 25° C. and 1 atmosphere is 5.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer on the conductive substrate; and a charge transport layer on the charge generation layer. An overcoat layer is formed on the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer is a latex polymer in which a charge transport material is dispersed.

Abstract: An image bearing member includes a substrate, and a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate, wherein an uppermost surface layer of the image bearing member has a hydrocarbon compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; and a three-dimensionally cross-linked polymer formed by polymerization reaction of a charge transport compound having three or more [tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups linked with aromatic rings, wherein, in the polymerization reaction, part of the three or more [(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups is severed and detached from the charge transport compound, Ph1-Q1-Ph2-Q2-Ph3??Chemical Formula 1 where Q1 and Q2 independently represent methylene groups or ethylene groups, Ph1 and Ph3 independently represent phenyl groups with which one or two methyl groups are bonded, and Ph2 represents a phenylene group or a phenylene group having one methyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including: an electroconductive substrate; a photoconductive layer; and a surface layer, the photoconductive layer and the surface layer being laid over the electroconductive substrate, wherein the surface layer is a crosslinked layer which is cured by irradiating with light energy a composition containing a radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure, a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure and a photopolymerization initiator, and wherein the radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure has a ratio Ae/As of 0.7 or higher where Ae denotes absorbance at an absorption peak wavelength ? after the radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure is irradiated with light energy and As denotes absorbance at an absorption peak wavelength ? before the radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure is irradiated with light energy.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymerized product of a composition that contains a charge transporting compound having a particular group (chain polymerizable functional group).

Abstract: Provided is a reactive compound represented by the following General Formula (I): wherein in General Formula (I), F represents a charge transporting skeleton, D represents a group represented by the following General Formula (III), and m represents an integer of from 1 to 8: wherein in General Formula (III), L1 represents a divalent linking group including one or more —C(?O)—O— groups.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer on the conductive substrate; and a charge transport layer on the charge generation layer. An overcoat layer is formed on the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer is a latex polymer in which a charge transport material is dispersed.

Abstract: A method of treating a photoconductor for enhancing crack resistance when it comes into contact with a liquid toner comprises bending a photoconductor sheet having a length and a width to a tube having an outer diameter and a length corresponding to the width of the photoconductor sheet with the photoconductive layer facing outward. The tube of the photoconductor sheet is then inserted into a cylinder having an inner diameter greater than the outer diameter of the tube and a length of at least the length of the tube of the photoconductor sheet. The treatment of the tube of the photoconductor sheet in the cylinder takes place by maintaining it in the cylinder at a temperature of from about room temperature to an elevated temperature. The tube of the photoconductor sheet is removed from the cylinder while it is at about room temperature.

Abstract: Organic photoconductors and methods of manufacturing the same are disclosed. An example method to manufacture an organic photoconductor involves applying a liquid solution to a surface of a cylindrically-shaped substrate while rotating the substrate about its axis, the substrate comprising a surface layer and the liquid solution comprising a matrix polymer species and a dopant species dissolved in a solvent. The example method further involves rotating the substrate while the solvent evaporates to provide a substantially evenly distributed seamless residue film comprising the matrix polymer species and the dopant species, and cross-linking the matrix polymer species of the residue film.

Abstract: A processes for preparing structured organic film (SOF) comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein the structured organic film may be a multi-segment thick structured organic film.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: Provided is a reactive compound represented by the following General Formula (I): wherein in General Formula (I), F represents a charge transporting skeleton, D represents a group represented by the following General Formula (III), and m represents an integer of from 1 to 8: wherein in General Formula (III), L1 represents a divalent linking group including one or more —C(?O)—O— groups.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group. The compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group is a compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate in general to electrophotographic imaging members, such as layered photoreceptor structures, and processes for making and using the same. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to the development of a structurally simplified flexible electrophotographic imaging member without the need of an anticurl back coating layer and a post treatment process for effecting the imaging member service life extension in the field.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer having excellent solvent resistance which can be produced by using a polycarbonate diol having a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and/or (2), having a hydroxyl group at both termini, and having a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 50,000: wherein R1 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of 2 to 50, wherein R2 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 10 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including: an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a crosslinked surface layer located overlying the photosensitive layer, including: a tri- or more functional radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transport structure; and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, wherein the crosslinked surface layer has a surface roughness (Ra) not greater than 0.2 ?m and a peel strength not less than 0.2 N/mm when measured by the SAICAS method.

Abstract: A method of preparing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, including forming a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate; and forming a surface layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer is formed by a spray coating comprising a spray droplet having an average diameter (D50) not greater than 10 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Abstract: According to aspects of the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a compound having at least one polymerizable functional group. Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member whose surface layer comprises a compound (urea derivative) having a certain structure, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments are directed to a method for removing photoreceptor coatings from a rigid substrate, wherein the photoreceptor coatings disposed over a substrate of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, in order to recover it for re-use in photoreceptor manufacturing. More specifically, the invention discloses a photoreceptor substrate recovery methodology that includes the creation of an inner release layer over the substrate and followed by subjecting the rejected or used electrophotographic photoreceptor to a step of soaking in a non-toxic and environmentally-friendly stripping solution that separates the coatings from the substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, the photosensitive layer including a sub-layer that constitutes an outermost surface of the photosensitive layer, the sub-layer including an organic solvent having a boiling point of from about 65° C. to about 250° C. in an amount of from about 5,000 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, and the sub-layer including a polymer of a charge transporting material having a polymerizable group.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoconductor capable of reducing latent electrostatic image stability defects caused by adhesion/adsorption of an electric discharge product formed by a charger in an image forming process, degradation of charge transportability and cleaning defects caused when removing a residual toner.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate in general to electrophotographic imaging members, such as layered photoreceptor structures, and processes for making and using the same. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to the development of a structurally simplified flexible electrophotographic imaging member without the need of an anticurl back coating layer and a post treatment process for effecting the imaging member service life extension in the field.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having comprising at least an electrically conductive substrate and a photo-sensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, the outermost layer is being a cured film of comprising a composition containing at least one compound (a) having a triphenylamine structure and four or more methacryloyl groups in one and the same molecule.

Abstract: An image bearing member is provided, including a substrate and a surface layer formed by optically curing at least a radical polymerizable compound with a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable monomer without a charge transport structure, wherein the transmission factor of the surface layer for light having a wavelength by 25 nm longer than an absorption end wavelength of photo-absorption spectrum of the surface layer prior to optical curing is not less than 65%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer having excellent solvent resistance which can be produced by using a polycarbonate diol having a repeating unit represented by the formula (1) and/or (2), having a hydroxyl group at both termini, and having a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 50,000: wherein R1 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of 2 to 50, wherein R2 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group having 10 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, which has the step of bringing i) the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a charge transport layer on a cylindrical support and ii) a mold having a fine unevenness surface profile into pressure contact with each other to transfer the fine unevenness surface profile to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The mold and the support are so temperature-controlled as to be T3<T1<T2 where the glass transition temperature of the charge transport layer is represented by T1 (°C.), the temperature of the mold by T2 (°C.), and the temperature of the support by T3 (°C.).

Abstract: A process for making an electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided by forming a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support. The photosensitive layer is provided with particularly excellent durability while retaining good electrophotographic performances when formed as a layer comprising a polymerizate of a hole-transporting compound having at least two chain polymerization function groups in its molecule represented by formula (1) below: (P1aAzP2)d)b??(1), wherein A denotes a hole-transporting group, P1 and P2 independently denote a chain polymerization function group and Z denotes a bonding organic group; a, b and d are independently an integer of at least 0 satisfying a+b×d?2 provided that if a?2, plural groups P1 can be identical or different; if b?2, plural groups Z can be identical or different; and if b×d?2, plural groups P2 can be identical or different.