Abstract: A composition is provided for coating a photoreceptor having a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer. The composition includes a hole transport material, a cross-linkable film forming binder having at least one functional group that is reactive with isocyanate, a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent and a solvent having a boiling point equal to or below the deblocking temperature. The blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent is the reaction product of an isocyanate and a blocking agent, wherein the blocking agent has a boiling point temperature equal to or below a selected deblocking temperature to allow the isocyanate to form cross-links. The invention also provides an electrophotographic imaging member with an overcoat layer comprising a cross-linked film forming binder, an isocyanate compound, a hole transport material, and optionally a surface energy reducing agent. Processes for making the imaging members are also provided.

Abstract: A multi-layered electrophotographic positively charged organic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, a charge transport layer formed on the conductive substrate, and a charge generating layer formed on the charge transport layer. A composition to form the charge transport layer includes at least one hole transport material, a binder resin and an organic solvent, and a composition to form the charge generating layer includes a charge generating material, a binder resin, an organic solvent and a hole transport material. An organic photoconductor has improved static electrical properties by controlling interfacial conditions of the charge transport layer and the charge generating layer. The charge generating layer may be readily coated on the charge transport layer. In addition, the organic photoconductor has excellent electric properties such as an improved sensitivity and a low discharge voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a surface layer excellent in adhesiveness and abrasion resistance, having a hardness and a toughness, and not degrading the charge transport property.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor having a layer of a crosslinked resin obtained by reacting an epoxy group-containing amine compound having a charge transferability-imparting group with at least one silicon compound selected from an epoxy ring-free alkoxysilane compound, an epoxy ring-free silanol compound, an epoxy ring-containing alkoxysilane compound and an epoxy ring-containing silanol compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including a resin; and a surface layer including a filler and a binder resin, wherein the surface layer and the photosensitive layer have a continuous structure, and wherein the surface layer satisfies the following relationship: &sgr;≦D/5, wherein D represents an average of maximum thicknesses of the surface layer in units of micrometers in 20 segments of 5 &mgr;m wide when a portion of a cross section of the photoreceptor of 100 &mgr;m wide is divided into the 20 segments, and &sgr; represents a standard deviation of the 20 maximum thicknesses.

Abstract: A composition forms an overcoat layer of an organophotoreceptor, the composition including polyaminoether and a solvent, and an organophotoreceptor employing the overcoat layer formed from the composition.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by disposing a protective layer and a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support in this order. The protective layer is characterized by containing an electroconductive particles, fluorine-containing resin particles and a binder resin. The photosensitive layer is suitable for providing an electrophotographic apparatus showing excellent electrophotographic characteristics such as a high photosensitivity and a low residual potential and also providing good image forming properties under any environmental condition, improved pause memory characteristics and a decreased transfer memory.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including a resin; and a surface layer including a filler and a binder resin, wherein the surface layer and the photosensitive layer have a continuous structure, and wherein the surface layer satisfies the following relationship: &sgr;≦D/5, wherein D represents an average of maximum thicknesses of the surface layer in units of micrometers in 20 segments of 5 &mgr;m wide when a portion of a cross section of the photoreceptor of 100 &mgr;m wide is divided into the 20 segments, and &sgr; represents a standard deviation of the 20 maximum thicknesses.

Abstract: A composition forms an overcoat layer for an organic photoreceptor by combining an organic silane compound, an acrylic polymer, polyvinyl butyral and a solvent. The organic photoreceptor has increased electrical and mechanical properties, leading to improved life characteristics. Also, unlike when a single material of either acrylic polymer or silsesquioxane is used in forming an overcoat layer, when the composition of the present invention is used, it is not necessary to coat a primer or an adhesive layer, thereby simplifying a coating process and reducing the cost required in forming additive layers.

Abstract: A composition to form an overcoat layer for an organic photoreceptor includes an organic silane compound, an alcohol-soluble polymer, and a solvent. When the composition is used in forming an overcoat layer, it is not necessary to coat a primer or an adhesive layer to improve adhesion, thus simplifying a coating process and reducing the cost required in forming additive layers. Also, since the organic photoreceptor has a high durability, the life characteristics of electrophotographic organic photoreceptor may be increased. Further, in an electrophotographic imaging process, a decrease in charge potential and a rise in the residual potential can be reduced, thus improving the life characteristic of the organic photoreceptor.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive support, and provided thereon a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and a protective layer in this order, the layer thickness a0 (&mgr;m) of the charge transport layer at the middle portion of the conductive support in its generatrix direction, the layer thickness b0 (&mgr;m) of the protective layer at the middle portion of the conductive support in its generatrix direction, the layer thickness a (&mgr;m) of the charge transport layer at a portion other than the middle portion and the layer thickness b (&mgr;m) of the protective layer at the portion other than the middle portion satisfy the following expression (1) in a region satisfying 0.8 (&mgr;m)≦(a0−a)≦3.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. A surface layer of the photoreceptor comprises binder resin having silicon or fluorine atoms and dioxolan or a derivative thereof at 0.001 to 10 weight percent.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic light-receiving member having a conductive support and a light-receiving member having a photoconductive layer formed on the surface of the conductive support and composed of a non-single crystal material containing silicon atoms as a main component, hydrogen atoms and/or halogen atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on an electro-conductive supporting substrate and a protection layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protection layer at least comprises a kind of finely divided metal oxide particle, an organic acid and a binder resin, the binder resin is a thermo-curable resin, and the organic acid being contained an amount of 0.05 wt. % to 5 wt. % for the amount of the thermo-curable resin. this photosensitive member has a high durability capable of stable image productions for a long period of utilizable time due to the protection layer.

Abstract: A light-receiving member comprising a conductive substrate, and formed superposingly thereon a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer in order. The light-receiving member has a surface roughness Ra of from 15 nm to 100 nm. Also disclosed is an image-forming apparatus having such a light-receiving member, and an image-forming method of rendering visible an electrostatic pattern formed on the light-receiving member. The light-receiving member promises stable formation of images over a long period of time.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is produced using a substrate coated with a charge transport layer, the material used to coat the charge transport layer has a viscosity of about 1500-2100 cps. This results in decreased variation in charge transport layer thickness.

Abstract: A photoreceptor that can be repeatedly used to produce high-quality images steadily is described, as well as an electrophotographic apparatus that can be used to producing high-quality images even after repeated use. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has a protective layer thereon, in which the grain size distribution of the fillers continuously or gradually increases from the photosensitive layer side to the surface side. Meanwhile, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is used in the electrophotographic apparatus.

Abstract: An electrophotographic drum-shaped photoconductor has an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, with a lubricating material being applied to the surface thereof in the shape of a plurality of bands spaced therebetween, constituting band-shaped lubricating material applied areas, extending along a circumference of the drum-shaped photoconductor in the direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an axis of rotation of the drum-shaped photoconductor. An electrophotographic image formation method and an image forming apparatus employing the above-mentioned drum-shaped photoconductor are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing a coating on a member comprising: providing a body portion; coating the body portion with a catalyst material for a release coating material; and overcoating the catalyst material with an uncured polymer material for which the catalyst is active. Preferably, the release coating material is a condensation type silicone.

Abstract: A photoconductive sleeved primary image forming member roller for use in an electrophotographic machine comprising a central member including a rigid cylindrical core member and a compliant layer formed on the core member; and a flexible replaceable removable photoconductive sleeve member in the form of an endless tubular belt that surrounds and nonadhesively intimately contacts the central member.

Abstract: A process for preparing an imaging member includes applying an organic layer to an imaging member substrate, treating the organic layer and/or a backside of the substrate with a corona discharge effluent, and applying an overcoating layer to the organic layer and/or an anticurl backing layer to the backside of the substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member which has a charge-generating layer and a charge-transporting layer on a substrate, has steps of applying a solution containing a charge-transporting material, binder resin, dimethoxymethane, and an aromatic hydrocarbon-based solvent having a boiling point of 130° C. or higher, and drying the solution, to form the charge-transporting layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate and including a resin; and a surface layer including a filler and a binder resin, wherein the surface layer and the photosensitive layer have a continuous structure, and wherein the surface layer satisfies the following relationship: &sgr;≦D/5, wherein D represents an average of maximum thicknesses of the surface layer in units of micrometers in 20 segments of 5 &mgr;m wide when a portion of a cross section of the photoreceptor of 100 &mgr;m wide is divided into the 20 segments, and &sgr; represents a standard deviation of the 20 maximum thicknesses.

Abstract: In an image-forming apparatus having at least i) an electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a photoconductive layer and a surface layer on a conductive substrate, ii) a developing means having a toner, and iii) a charging means, the photoconductive layer comprises a non-single-crystal material composed chiefly of silicon, the surface layer comprises a non-single-crystal carbon film containing at least hydrogen and has a dynamic hardness in the range of from 4.90×109 to 1.76×1010 Pa (500 to 1,800 kgf/mm2), the charging means has a charging member kept in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, forming a contact zone therewith, charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member electrostatically upon application of a voltage, and the toner is a magnetic toner having toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, and an inorganic fine powder, having an average circularity of from 0.950 to 1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer containing a charge-transporting material and a resin obtained by exposing to radiations a compound having an acryloyloxy group or methacryloyloxy group to cure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a resin layer &bgr; obtained by hardening at least one of an organic silicon compound having a hydroxyl group or a hydrolizable group and condensation compound thereof, and a compound represented by formula(1), A(Q)k  (1) wherein A represents a group containing an aromatic group or a heterocyclic group, Q represents a group containing at least one of a hydroxy group, an amino group, and a mercapto group, and k represents an integer not less than 2, and wherein said organic silicon compound is three-dimensionally cross-linked.

Abstract: As the surface layers of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a first surface layer which satisfies a condition that a center line average surface roughness (Ra) ranges from 50 Å to 5000 Å and a second surface layer comprising a non-single-crystal carbon containing at least fluorine are laminated in this order. Thus, the generation of a defective image such as the dimness of an image or an image smearing can be suppressed under an environment of high temperature and high humidity without providing any heater even when an electrophotographic apparatus is repeatedly employed. Further, even when a toner of small particle size and excellent in its fixing characteristic is used, a cleaning characteristic can be improved and the fusion of the toner can be suppressed. Still further, even in an electrophotographic process with a frictional force raised for improving the cleaning characteristic, the cleaning characteristic can be improved and the fusion of the toner can be suppressed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more specifically, to a photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer superimposed over a substrate. In one aspect of the invention, sequential laminations of a dispersion layer of conductive tantalum-doped tin oxide powder dispersed in a binder resin solution, are provided between the substrate layer and the photosensitive layer. Another aspect of the invention relates to a protective layer provided for the photosensitive layer. The protective layer of the most exterior surface of the photosensitive member may be a dispersion layer formed by dispersing tantalum-doped tin oxide powder in a resin solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member for electrophotography which has excellent adhesion between a surface protective layer and a photosensitive layer as well as electrostatic properties, such as sensitivity and the like, and which prevents an occurrence of an image noise over a long period of time. The photosensitive member for electrophotography which comprises: (i) an electroconductive support, (ii) an organic photosensitive layer which comprises a charge generating material, a charge transporting material, and a binder resin, and (iii) a surface protective layer which comprises a thermosetting silicone resin, said surface protective layer being prepared by applying a coating solution comprising the thermosetting silicone resin and a solvent, which can dissolve the binder resin and has a boiling point of 60-130° C. and a solubility parameter of 8-11, onto the organic photosensitive layer and then curing the applied coating solution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. A surface layer of the photoreceptor comprises binder resin having silicon or fluorine atoms and dioxolan or a derivative thereof at 0.001 to 10 weight percent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoat layer comprising a small molecule hole transporting triphenylmethane having at least one hydroxy functional group and a polyamide film forming binder capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the hydroxy functional groups of the hydroxy triphenyl methane. This overcoat layer may be fabricated using an alcohol solvent. This electrophotographic imaging member may be utilized in an electrophotographic imaging process.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, which includes contacting a solution containing at least one of optically functional organosilicon compounds represented by formula (I) F—[D—A]b  (I) with a solid catalyst for reaction, then separating the solid catalyst to form an optically functional coating solution, and coating and curing the optically functional coating solution to form a cured film, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having at least one layer made of the cured film produced by this process, and an image-forming apparatus having the same.

Abstract: An a-Si photosensitive member and an image forming apparatus are provided which prevent fusion bonding in digital copying machines and attain satisfactory image formation. Specifically, in order that even when uneven abrasion occurs on a drum surface layer, it may not substantially affect the image, a photosensitive member formed by successively stacking on a conductive substrate a photoconductive layer comprising amorphous Si and a surface protective layer comprised of an amorphous material is provided such that the spectral reflectance (%) satisfies the relation of 0≦(Max−Min)/(Max+Min)≦0.20, and a center line average roughness Ra1 of the interface on the surface side of the photoconductive layer and the center line average roughness Ra2 of the outermost surface of the surface layer, within the range of 10 &mgr;m×10 &mgr;m, satisfy the relations of Ra1/Ra2≧1.3 and 22 nm≦Ra1≦100 nm.

Abstract: Release compositions include (a) from zero to about 30 parts by weight of a polymer selected from the group consisting of wherein R1, R2, R3, R6, R7, R10, R11, and R12 are each independently selected from an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group, such that at least one of R6 and R7 is an alkenyl group, l, m, and n are each independently an integer so long as the polymer contains greater than 3 mol % vinyl-containing siloxane groups; a (vinyl siloxy)(siloxy)-modified silica having a vinyl content of at least about 0.

Abstract: A charge transport layer material for a photoreceptor includes at least a polycarbonate polymer binder having a number average molecular weight of not less than 35,000, at least one charge transport material, polytetrafluoroethylene particle aggregates having an average size of less than about 1.5 microns and a fluorine-containing polymeric surfactant dispersed in a solvent mixture of at least tetrahydrofuran and toluene. The dispersion is able to form a uniform and stable material ideal for use in forming a charge transport layer of a photoreceptor. The resultant charge transport layer exhibits excellent wear resistance against contact with an AC bias charging roll, excellent electrical performance, and delivers superior print quality.

Abstract: A light-receiving member comprising a conductive substrate, and formed superposingly thereon a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer in order. The light-receiving member has a surface roughness Ra of from 15 nm to 100 nm. Also disclosed is an image-forming apparatus having such a light-receiving member, and an image-forming method of rendering visible an electrostatic pattern formed on the light-receiving member. The light-receiving member promises stable formation of images over a long period of time.

Abstract: There is provided a light-receiving member comprising a photoconductive layer provided on an electroconductive substrate, and a surface layer provided on the photoconductive layer, the surface layer comprising non-single-crystal carbon containing at least fluorine, wherein the surface layer has a ratio of the area of a peak having center in the vicinity of 1200 cm−1 or 1120 cm−1 in the infrared absorption spectrum to the area of a peak having center in the vicinity of 2920 cm−1 being in a range from 0.1 to 50. The light-receiving member allows to obtain a high-quality image without faint image or smeared image in any ambient conditions without use of heating means for the light-receiving member, and has high durability enough for maintaining such high quality characteristics. It can also prevent, by the absence of the heating means, the adhesion of low melting toners such as color toners and the unevenness in image density, generated at the rotating interval of the developer.

Abstract: An imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer, wherein an external layer of the imaging member includes hydrophobic silica particles uniformly dispersed therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved a-Si:H photoreceptor comprising a-Si:H photoconductors and conductive substrates, such as metallic members or plastic members provided with a metallic or an ohmic layer, in which degrading effects of the ambient environment on the electrophotographic properties of the a-Si:H photoconductor is minimized. The present invention also provides a cost-effective method of forming the improved a-Si:H photoreceptors. The method comprises stabilizing an a-Si:H photoreceptor member against environmental degradation of its photoconductive properties, by modifying the working surface of the photoconductor through treatment with a silanol solution. The clean annealed photoreceptor is preferably exposed to a freshly prepared aqueous mixture of an organosilane hydrolyzable to yield a silanol solution. The photoreceptor is then rinsed with water to remove vagrant oligomers formed during condensation of the silanol prepolymers but unattached to surface sites on the photoconductor.

Abstract: A photoconductor includes a charge transport layer coated over a charge generator layer. A hole transport molecule is intentionally added to the charge generator layer preventing migration of hole transport molecules from the charge transport layer to the charge generator layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member for electrophotography which has an excellent adhesion between a surface protective layer and a photosensitive layer and an excellent image quality at the time of plate wearing. In the photosensitive member for electrophotography wherein at least the photosensitive layer and the surface protective layer are laminated on an electroconductive support in this order, the characteristic is that said surface protective layer comprises at least fluorine-containing polysiloxane, ultraviolet absorber and electroconductive fine particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member for electrophotography which has excellent adhesion between a surface protective layer and a photosensitive layer as well as electrostatic properties, such as sensitivity and the like, and which prevents an occurrence of an image noise over a long period of time.

Abstract: A method of forming one or more polymer containing layers on a substrate using ink jet nozzles. The method is particularly suited to forming one or more polymer containing layers of a photoreceptor. The polymer containing layers may be formed by moving a substrate, in particular a cylindrical substrate, past the ink jet nozzles, by moving the ink jet nozzles over the substrate, or both. The ink jet nozzles are capable of being independently controlled in order to permit precise location of the coating on the substrate.

Abstract: A process for fabricating electrophotographic imaging members including providing an imaging member including a substrate coated with a charge generating layer having an exposed surface, applying a first solution including a charge transporting small molecule and film forming binder to the exposed surface to form a first charge transporting layer having a thickness of greater than about 13 micrometers and less than about 20 micrometers in the dried state and an exposed surface, and applying at least a second solution having a composition substantially identical to the first solution to the exposed surface of the first charge transporting layer to form at least a second continuous charge transporting layer, the at least second charge transporting layer having a thickness in the dried state less than about 20 micrometers in the dried state, the at least second charge transporting layer, and any subsequent applied solution having a composition substantially identical to the first solution.

Abstract: A coating process for the fabrication of organic photoreceptors employs an electrically conductive single slot die biased to allow an electric field between the die and the ground plane on the photoreceptor substrate. The homogenous coating dispersion is fed through the die at a predetermined gap and rate to control coating thickness at the same time that an electric field is applied. The formulation, rheology, particle mobility, coating speed, electric field and the like are controlled so that the photogenerator particles migrate to the substrate in the dwell time defined by the coating die region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoat layer including a polyvinyl butyral film forming binder, a cross linked polyamide film forming binder, and a hole transport material. A process for forming an overcoated imaging member is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoat layer formed from a solution including a first cross linkable polyamide film forming binder free of methyl methoxy groups, an optional second cross linkable polyamide film forming binder containing methyl methoxy groups, a cross linking catalyst and a hole transport material. A process for forming an overcoated imaging member is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing an imaging member includes applying a first organic layer to an imaging member substrate, treating the first organic layer with one of corona discharge or plasma discharge; and applying a second organic layer to the first organic layer.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging member including providing a cylindrical member, depositing on the cylindrical member a coating of a first charge transport layer coating solution by dip coating the cylindrical member in a bath of the first charge transport layer coating solution in a dip coating vessel, the first charge transport layer coating solution including a film forming polymer, a charge transport material, and at least one volatile solvent, the first charge transport layer coating solution having a first predetermined viscosity and the solvent having a viscosity less than the first predetermined viscosity, recirculating undeposited first charge transport layer coating solution from the dip coating vessel to a charge transport layer coating solution vessel and back to the dip coating vessel, repeatedly and sequentially depositing on fresh cylindrical members a coating of the recirculating undeposited first charge transport layer coating solution by dip coating the fresh cylindr

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is improved in light shock resistance by including in the charge transport layer a light shock resisting additive of triethanolamine, morpholine, an imidazole or mixtures thereof. The imaging member preferably has a charge generating layer containing hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, alkoxygallium phthalocyanine and mixtures thereof as the photogenerating particles. The method of rendering an imaging member including such a charge generating layer acceptably resistant to light shock includes forming a charge transport layer in association with the charge generating layer to contain the light shock resisting additive of triethanolamine, morpholine, an imidazole or mixtures thereof.