Abstract: There is disclosed a process for manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having no coating defect, a high charging performance, an excellent stability in a repeated use, and no image quality defect. The manufacturing process comprises the steps of coating a subbing layer-forming coating solution on the conductive substrate under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 5.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.; drying the coated solution under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. to prepare a subbing layer; coating a photosensitive layer-forming coating solution on the subbing layer under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 5.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.; and drying the coated solution under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. to prepare a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoat layer comprising a hole transporting hydroxy arylamine compound having at least two hydroxy functional groups, hydroxy terminated diorgano siloxane and a polyamide film forming binder capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the hydroxy functional groups of the hydroxy arylamine compound and the hydroxy terminated diorgano siloxane.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging member including providing a substrate to be coated, forming a coating comprising photoconductive pigment particles having an average particle size of less than about 0.

Abstract: A method of restoring a used organic photoreceptor which includes a supporting substrate having a photoconductor layer contained on said substrate and an overlaying layer of charge transport material. The photoreceptor is heated to a temperature near or above the glass transition temperature of the charge transport layer for a time sufficient to allow for flowing and/or melting of the top surface of the charge transport layer, and then cooled to room temperature, followed by applying a new layer of charge transport material over the existing charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer including charge transporting molecules dispersed in a first polymer binder, and an overcoat layer including a triphenyl methane molecule dispersed in a second polymer binder, the second polymer binder being soluble in a solvent in which the first polymer binder is insoluble and the charge transport layer being substantialy free of any triphenyl methane molecules. The overcoat layer may also contain a charge transport molecule. The device may also include any suitable optional charge blocking, adhesive and other sub layers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a photogenerating composition which comprises mixing titanyl phthalocyanine Type IV with the AB block copolymer polystyrene-4-vinyl pyridine in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for cleaning residual toner and paper fiber residue from an electrophotographic imaging member using an elastomeric cleaning blade. Reduced friction between the blade and the imaging member and enhanced cleaning without degrading image reproduction quality results from appropriate texturing of the imaging member. The texturing is impressed upon an overcoat layer formed on the photosensitive layer of the imaging member such that a uniform pattern of at least 20 very fine parallel grooves per centimeter are disposed parallel to the direction of process movement and extend along the entire circumference of the imaging member. The very fine parallel grooves have a depth and lateral width sufficiently shallow/narrow to prevent individual particles of toner material from lodging in the grooves and also to ensure copy quality is not degraded.

Abstract: A method of controlling variations in electrical characteristics in electrophotographic imaging devices by eliminating the effect of acidic or basic impurities in a photoconductive element. A solution of a weak acid or weak base and a conjugate salt of the weak acid and the weak base is incorporated into a layer of the photoconductive element. In a process for producing the photoconductive element, a substrate is coated with a first dispersion to form a charge generating layer, and then coated with a second dispersion to form a charge transporting layer, wherein there is incorporated in at least one of the first and second dispersions a solution of a weak acid or weak base and the conjugate salt of the weak acid and weak base in an amount effective to reduce variations in the dark development potential (V.sub.DDP) and background potential (V.sub.BG) characteristics of the imaging devices.

Abstract: A proofing element containing: (a) a photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive substrate; and (b) overlaying the photoconductive layer, a removable dielectric layer containing thermoplastic polymeric resinous particles which have steric stabilizer groups adhered to the surfaces of said polymeric particles, said steric stabilizer groups being in coordinated association with a charge directing moiety and said charge directing moiety having a charge dissipating agent in association therewith.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging member including providing a substrate to be coated, forming a coating comprising photoconductive pigment particles consisting essentially of vanadyl phthalocyanine particles having an average particle size of less than about 0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photoconductive layer comprising a photoconductor, a support for the photoconductive layer and a surface layer formed on the photoconductive layer and comprising a curable resin film and an inorganic insulator pieces having a size larger than the film thickness of the curable resin film. In order to prevent the image blurring of an a-Si:H photoreceptor, on the outermost surface of the photoreceptor was formed a surface layer having a structure in which inorganic insulator pieces have protruded from the curable resin film. Since the curable resin is of high resistance and shows no quality change by corona irradiation, and besides the protruding inorganic insulator pieces prevent the abrasion of the resin, the surface layer having a long life and excellent humidity resistance, durability for corona irradiation and abrasion resistance can be realized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member in which a vacuum thin layer is formed as a surface protective layer on or over the roughened surface of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A luminescent screen assembly for a CRT is made by first coating the interior surface of a faceplate panel with a photoconductive layer which overlies a conductive layer. A multiplicity of red-, green- and blue-emitting phosphor screen elements are then deposited in color groups, in a cyclic order, onto the interior surface of the panel. A substantially uniform charge is established on the photoconductive layer. The charge is weakened in the areas where the photoconductive layer underlies the phosphor screen elements, but unaffected in the open areas separating the phosphor screen elements. The charged open areas of the photoconductive layer are directly developed by depositing thereon particles of light-absorptive matrix material having a triboelectric charge opposite in polarity to the charge established on the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: An image-forming member for electrophotography and a manufacturing method for the same and an electrostatic photocopying machine are disclosed. The image-forming member comprises an organic photoconductive layer formed on a conductive substrate and a protective layer formed on the organic photoconductive layer. Hollows such as pinholes and cracks in the organic photoconductive layer are filled with insulating material, so that the organic photoconductive layer surface becomes even and thereby the protective layer such as a carbonaceous film having high hardness is formed on the organic photoconductive layer with a surface of the protective layer even such that foreign matters can not gather thereon. Alternatively, hollows such as pinholes and cracks in a protective layer are filled with insulating material. Thereby the protective layer surface is made even.

Abstract: A process for treating a flexible electrostatographic imaging web including providing a flexible base layer and a layer including a thermoplastic polymer matrix comprising forming at least a segment of the web into an arc having a radius of curvature between about 10 millimeters and about 25 millimeters measured along the inwardly facing exposed surface of the base layer, the arc having an imaginary axis which traverses the width of the web, heating at least the polymer matrix in the segment to at least the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix, and cooling the imaging member to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix while maintaining the segment of the web in the shape of the arc.

Abstract: A layered photosensitive imaging member is modified to reduce the effects of interference within the member caused by reflections from coherent light incident on a base ground plane. The modification described is to form the ground plane surface by an electroforming process which leaves the surface with a black finish. Light incident on the ground plane is absorbed, eliminating the reflections which contribute to the interference effect at the imaging member surface.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member including a supporting substrate and an outer layer on the imaging side of the imaging member, the outer layer including minute spheres of a high molecular weight polysiloxane homopolymer homogeneously dispersed in a continuous film forming polymer matrix. This imaging member may be used in an electrostatographic imaging process which includes the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on the imaging surface, developing the electrostatic latent image with marking particles to form marking particle images in conformance with the electrostatic latent image, transferring the marking particles image to a receiving member, cleaning the imaging surface and repeating the electrostatic latent image forming, developing, transferring and cleaning steps at least once.

Abstract: A process of preparing electrophotographic photoreceptor aluminum drums having coated layers with a constant thickness and properties is disclosed. After a carrier generation layer being dip coated, a process of conveyance is followed at a temperature same as that of the coating material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, and containing a solvent at a content of 2,500 ppm or more; and a surface protective layer formed on the organic photosensitive layer, which is composed of an amorphous hydrocarbon having an absorptivity coefficient of 400 to 5,000 cm.sup.-1 with respect to light of 450 nm wavelength.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member comprising a carrier transporting layer of hydrogen-containing carbon, which is excellent in a charge transporting property, a chargeability, a rigidity and resistances to corona, acid, moisture and heat as well as an adhesive property of a charge transporting layer with a charge generating layer and a substrate.

Abstract: A surface layer on an imaging member has a surface roughness which reduces the force necessary for blade cleaning, reduces blade edge truck, reduces blade/substrate friction, inhibits the formation of toner-type deposits on the imaging surface, and/or reduces or eliminates light interference patterns resulting from coherent light, for example, from a raster output scanner.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging member in which a web coated with a charge generation layer is coated with a charge transport layer comprising a dopant, the improvement comprising detecting the change in dopant concentration required, determining the amount of highly doped charge transport composition and amount of undoped or lowly doped charge transport composition required to achieve the change in dopant concentration, feeding the determined amounts of highly doped charge transport composition and undoped or lowly doped charge transport composition into a mixing zone, rapidly mixing the amounts of highly doped charge transport composition and undoped or lowly doped charge transport composition to form a uniformly doped charge transport composition, and applying the uniformly doped charge transport composition to the charge generation layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive element having a layer containing polyvinyl acetal, wherein the layer is formed by coating a coating composition containing the polyvinyl acetal and being compounded with a solution comprising an acetylacetone complex salt, an alcohol and water, and a process of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive element having a layer containing polyvinyl acetal, wherein the layer is provided by the steps of:preparing (A) a solution of an acetylacetone complex salt dissolved in a mixed solvent of an alcohol and water, and (B) a solution containing polyvinyl acetal;mixing the solutions (A) and (B) to provide a coating composition (C);coating the coating composition (C) on a constituting layer or a conductive substrate; and drying.

Abstract: A hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide material is used as the surface protecting layer for a photosensitive member of an electrophotographic apparatus. The carbon content (x) of the hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide material, expressed by the general formula a--Si.sub.1-x C.sub.x :H, ranges from 0.4 to 0.6, and the composition is such that the ratio of the peak TO amplitude appearing in the vicinity of 480 cm.sup.-1 to the peak TA amplitude appearing in the vicinity of 150 cm.sup.-1, both as observed by laser Raman spectroscope measurement using an excitation laser of Ar.sup.+ 488nm, is 2.0 or higher. Such material does not exhibit blurring of the image even when exposed to high humidity conditions.

Abstract: By electrotreating a dispersion or solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving hydrophobic substance powder in aqueous medium with the use of surfactant having a HLB value of 10.0 to 20.0, under the conditions for forming the thin film of said hydrophobic substance on the cathode, thin films of hydrophobic substance is formed on the cathode. In this way thin films of hydrophobic substance can be formed on base metals such as aluminum, which can be applied to photosensitive materials and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having on a conductive base at least one charge generation layer and at least one charge transport layer, said charge transport layer having the thickness of 27 .mu.m or above and being formed with a coating solution containing a condensation polymer of the viscosity-average molecular weight of 15,000 to 25,000 as a binder resin according to the dip coating method. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention has the excellent durability because the resultant charge transport layer has the increased and uniform thickness without changing the electric properties, especially the charged potential.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording material is applied on a plate-shaped or drum-shaped substrate in a layer structure of superposed layers which comprises a photoconductive layer and at least the uppermost layer is fashioned of amorphous, hydrogen-containing carbon. The amorphous, hydrogen-containing carbon layer is deposited from a radio frequency excited low-pressure plasma with gaseous hydrocarbon as a reaction gas and in which a self-bias DC voltage is superimposed on the radio frequency field. The a-c:H material obtained in this manner is semiconducting and has photoconductive properties so that it can be employed for the photoconductive layer of the electrophotographic recording material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating photoreceptors used in copying machines. Prior to coating, an elastically deformable material is placed about the external surface of a mandrel to accommodate the belt. The thickness of the material is such that when the belt is pushed over the mandrel the deformable material is deformed and engages the interior surfaces of the belt facing the mandrel. As a result of heating and cooling steps involved during the coating process, the belt contracts and expands differently than the mandrel. The deformable material deforms accordingly to maintain consistent contact throughout between it and the undersurface of the belt.

Abstract: A photosensitive device is described. The photosensitive member of the device is made of an organic photoconductive film which is suitable for mass-production and unlikely to have cracks therein. The photoconductive film is provided with an abrasion-proof surface by coating the same with an amorphous film having a vickers hardness higher than 2000 Kg/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material suitable for application to a lazer beam printer is disclosed which includes an electrically conductive support having provided thereon a charge generating layer containing a titanium phthalocyanine pigment and a charge transporting layer containing a specific hydrazone compound. The charge transporting layer may be prepared by coating with a solution containing the specific compound, a polycarbonate resin and a dioxane-containing solvent.

Abstract: The invention presents an electrophotographic photosensitive material possessing a surface layer excellent in wear resistance, without adversely affecting the photosensitive characteristics, wherein a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer containing a thermoset silicone resin are laminated in this order on a substrate surface, and the silicone resin of the surface protective layer is hardened by a hardening catalyst mainly composed of a compound of the general formula (I) or an acid salt thereof which is selected from the group consisting of: a phenol salt, an octylic acid salt, a p-toluenesulfonic acid salt and a formic acid salt ##STR1##

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided comprising, in sequence:a) a conductive base;b) a carrier transport layer;c) a carrier generation layer comprising a selenium alloy;d) a carrier injection regulating layer having a band gap energy greater than that of the carrier generation layer and comprising selenium and up to about 10 weight % arsenic;e) a thermal expansion relieving layer comprising aresenic and selenium; andf) a surface protective layer comprising arsenic and selenium in an atomic ratio of approximately 2 to 3;wherein the arsenic concentration in the thermal expansion relieving layer gradually increases from a concentration substantially equal to that of the carrier injection regulating layer on a face of the thermal expansion relieving layer adjacent to the carrier injection regulating layer to a concentration substantially equal to that of the surface protective layer on an opposite face of the thermal expansion relieving layer adjacent to the surface protective layer.

Abstract: A process for preparing a multilayered belt comprises heating a substrate formed of a polymeric material, the substrate having a predetermined inner circumference, to at least about the glass transition temperature of the polymeric material and then placing the sleeve on a cylindrical mandrel. The mandrel has an outer circumference slightly greater than the predetermined inner circumference of the seamless tube. The substrate on the mandrel is subsequently coated to form a multilayered composite belt. The composite belt is then heated to a temperature of at least about the glass transition temperature of the substrate and the composite structure is removed from one end of the mandrel. Removal of the composite belt from the mandrel may be facilitated by any suitable means such as small driven elastomeric rollers, vacuum cups, gravity with vacuum assist and the like. Upon cooling, the composite structure has the predetermined inner circumference.

Abstract: An improvement in the method and apparatus for producing a multi-color electrophotographic image wherein an electrophotographic medium is mounted on a carrier therefor and is translated over a predetermined path so that the medium is first charged, then exposed to a first light-borne image and then toned. Thus, the unexposed portions of the image bearing charged region of the medium are toned, preferably by a liquid toner, to produce a first color visible image. The carrier is then returned to the first position to repeat the foregoing steps to charge the medium and to expose it to a second light-borne image and to tone the second image with a second toning element to produce a second color visible image on the same sheet of medium. The improvement comprises means for applying a solvent vapor to the surface of the first toned image after the first toning step and prior to the second charging step to smooth and further fuse the previously toned image to prevent color contamination of subsequent imaging cycles.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of plasma-polymerization at low temperature (from normal temperature to about 100.degree. C.) and that at low frequency.

Abstract: A photosensitive member of the present invention comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer and an overcoat layer.The photoconductive layer comprises selenium-arsenic alloy layer, or selenium layer and selenium-tellurium layer formed in this order. The overcoat layer comprises amorphous carbon containing hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms and at least one element selected from the group consisting of chalcogen, oxygen, nitrogen and elements in Group III and IV of the periodic table.The photosensitive member of this construction is harmless and excellent in electrophotographic characteristics inclusive of durability and surface hardness.

Abstract: A process for preparing an electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer contiguous to the charge generating layer, the process comprising preparing a dispersion of finely divided photoconductive particles in a liquid in which the particles are insoluble, the liquid comprising at least 0.25 percent by weight of an alcohol based on the total weight of the liquid, applying a thin coating of the dispersion on a substrate, evaporating substantially all of the liquid from the coating, and embedding the particles in a film forming polymer matrix to form the charge generating layer.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive device, which comprises an electroconductive support, a photoconductive layer provided thereon, and a surface protective layer provided on the photoconductive layer, the surface protective layer being made from a film having a density of localized states of not more than 5.times.10.sup.17 cm.sup.-3 and a higher dark resistance than that of the photoconductive layer, the surface protective layer is less susceptible to deterioration, adhesion to the photoconductive layer is enhanced, and thus the device has a prolonged life.

Abstract: A photosensitive member of the present invention comprising an electrically conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer comprising an organic material and a hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon overcoat layer containing halogen atoms and at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of chalcogen and elements in Group III, IV and V of the periodic table.The overcoat layer contains hydrogen in an amount of about 5 to about 50 atomic % based on the combined amount of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.

Abstract: A photosensitive member of the present invention comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer comprising an organic material and a hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon overcoat layer containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of chalcogen and elements in Group III, IV and V of the periodic table.The overcoat layer contains hydrogen in an amount of about 30 to about 60 atomic % based on the combined amount of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.

Abstract: A photosensitive member of the present invention comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer comprising an organic material and a hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon overcoat layer containing one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of halogen, oxygen and nitrogen.The overcoat layer contains hydrogen in an amount of about 5 to about 50 atomic % based on the combined amount of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, which comprises a support, a light-sensitive layer and a surface layer, the surface layer being predominantly composed of carbon and containing an element capable of forming a tetrahedral bond.

Abstract: A photosensitive member of the present invention comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer comprising amorphous carbon which contains a chain hydrocarbon and a cyclic hydrocarbon.The charge transporting layer is formed by using a chain hydrocarbon and a cyclic hydrocarbon such that the flow rate ratio of the former to the latter is preferably 19:1-1:19.The photosensitive member of this construction is excellent in electrophotographic characteristics inclusive of charge transportability and charging ability.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a conductive base, a photoconductive layer formed of amophous silicon on the conductive base, a buffer layer on the photoconductive layer, and a surface layer covering the photoconductive layer through the buffer layer, wherein the buffer layer is formed of amorphous carbon.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotosensitive member and its preparing method. The electrophotosensitive member comprises an electrically conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and an overcoat layer having a rough surface with convexities and concavities. The number of convexities and concavities are about 500 to 3000 per 1 cm in a linear distance, and the maximum depth difference of the convexities and concavities is about 0.05 to 1.5 .mu.m. The rough surface having the convexities and concavities is formed directly on the overcoat layer. The electrophotosensitive member according to the present invention reduces the friction coefficient of the contacting area between the electrophotosensitive member and a cleaning device, and improves the durability of the overcoat layer and the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A translucent antibacterial soap is made by a process which includes dissolving a normally solid antibacterial material which is resistant to heat and alkali, e.g., 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (THDE), in a mixture of components for making such translucent antibacterial soap, which components include soaps of higher fatty acids in liquid form, such as with water in kettle soap, and converting said mixture to transparent soap cakes, preferably by a process which includes partially drying the mixture, working it and extruding it to a bar form, which bar may be cut to length and pressed into the final desired translucent antibacterial soap cakes.Preferably, the antibacterial compound, in powder form, is dissolved in a superfatting agent, such as mixed tallow fatty acids and coconut oil fatty acids and/or lanolin fatty acids, and then admixed at elevated temperature with the soaps of higher fatty acids that are a major constituent of the soap cakes to be made.

Abstract: A process for preparing an electrophotographic imaging member comprising providing a photogenerating layer on a supporting substrate and applying a charge transport layer forming mixture to the photogenerating layer, the charge transport layer forming mixture comprising a charge transporting aromatic amine compound of one or more compounds having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are an aromatic group selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, and polyphenyl group and R.sup.

Abstract: An improved enhancement layer operatively disposed between the top protective layer and the photoconductive layer of an electrophotographic device. The enhancement layer is specifically tailored from a semiconductor alloy material designed to substantially prevent charge carriers from being caught in deep midgap traps as said carriers move toward the surface of the electrophotographic device from the photoconductive layer thereof. A method of substantially improving charge fatigue and image flow characteristics through the use of such an improved enhancement layer is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has high sensitivity with respect to long-wavelength light, since it is formed of amorphous silicon containing hydrogen. A surface layer has excellent charge-retaining properties, since it is formed of microcrystalline silicon containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. A barrier layer is formed of boron nitride or of microcrystalline silicon containing at least one element selected from among those of Group III or V of the periodic table. The BN barrier layer has high resistivity and high blocking properties. The .mu.c-Si barrier layer is of p-type or n-type, due to the doping of a Group III or V element, and has a rectifying function.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic recording material comprising a photoconductive double layer disposed on an electrically conductive support, which double layer comprises a charge carrier-generating layer and a charge transport layer. The interface region of the charge carrier-generating and charge transport layers defines a mixing zone into which one or more of the constituents of the separate layers have diffused. A process for producing the electrophotographic recording material is also disclosed.