Abstract: A process for making an electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided by forming a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive support. The photosensitive layer is provided with particularly excellent durability while retaining good electrophotographic performances when formed as a layer comprising a polymerizate of a hole-transporting compound having at least two chain polymerization function groups in its molecule represented by formula (1) below: (P1aAzP2)d)b??(1), wherein A denotes a hole-transporting group, P1 and P2 independently denote a chain polymerization function group and Z denotes a bonding organic group; a, b and d are independently an integer of at least 0 satisfying a+b×d?2 provided that if a?2, plural groups P1 can be identical or different; if b?2, plural groups Z can be identical or different; and if b×d?2, plural groups P2 can be identical or different.

Abstract: The present invention provides a latent electrostatic image bearing member which includes a support, a charge generating layer, and a charge transporting layer, the charge generating layer and the charge transporting layer being arranged in this order on or above the support, wherein the charge transporting layer comprises at least a charge transporting material and a binder resin and has a thickness of 30 ?m to 50 ?m; and the distribution representing the relation between the absorbance ratio of the charge transporting material and the binder resin measured by infrared spectroscopy and the distance from the surface of the charge transporting layer toward the thickness direction thereof represents a generally linear shape without having inflection points within 20 ?m from the surface of the charge transporting layer toward the thickness thereof.

Abstract: Positive-charge injection-related ghosting of images in electrophotographic processes is addressed by electrophotographic photoreceptors that include a positive-charge injection preventing layer that includes one or more positive-charge-injection preventing compounds. In addition, processes are provided for preventing positive charge injection, in which the processes include a step of applying a positive-charge injection preventing composition to an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the positive-charge injection preventing composition includes one or more positive-charge-injection preventing compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoreceptor including a substrate, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer having a tertiary aryl amine charge transport molecule represented by the following general formula in which Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar4 and Ar5 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or Ar5 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and k represents 0 or 1, and in which at least two of Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 and Ar4 includes a hydroxymethyl group or an alkoxymethyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, having an oxidation potential of from about 0.75 V to about 1.0 V as measured vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate in dichloromethane, and an antioxidant capable of reacting with the charge transport molecule. Disclose is also a process for forming the photoreceptors described herein and a method of forming an image with the photoreceptors described herein.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments are directed to imaging members for use in electrostatographic, including digital, apparatuses. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to processes for preparing the substrate of such imaging members that use laser technology.

Abstract: A method for preparing in high productivity and stably an electrophotographic photosensitive member having depressed portions on its surface, is provided. The method is characterized in that a coating liquid for a surface layer which includes a solvent including a hydrophilic solvent and a hydrophobic solvent and a polymer compound soluble in the hydrophobic solvent is used; the hydrophilic solvent has a boiling point equal to or higher than that of the hydrophobic solvent; the hydrophilic solvent has a dipole moment of 0 or more and less than 2.8, obtained by a structure optimized calculation using a semiempirical molecular orbital calculation; the total mass of the hydrophobic solvent is 50 mass % or more and less than 100 mass % of the total mass of the solvent included in the coating liquid for a surface layer; and after the coating liquid for a surface layer is applied, the depressed portions are formed by condensation on the surface on which the coating liquid for a surface layer is applied.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a photoreceptor for electrophotography which has a low residual potential in an initial stage, is inhibited from increasing in residual potential, is prevented from decreasing in charge potential, undergoes little fatigue deterioration even upon repeated use, and is less apt to pose a problem concerning toxicity or environmental pollution. The invention relates to a photoreceptor for electrophotography which has a photosensitive layer containing an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid metal complex represented by the following general formula (1): and one or more charge-transporting agents each having an arylaminophenyl group in the molecule.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrophotoconductive element comprising a conductive substrate, a charge generation layer including a charge generating compound and a charge transport layer. The charge generation layer includes a first polymer resin and second polymer resin to provide a blend including the charge generating compound. The first polymer resin may therefore indicate an energy at a half charge potential E0.5(POLYMER) upon exposure to light at a wavelength of about 350-500 nm. The blend then also indicates an energy at half charge potential E0.5(BLEND) upon exposure to light at a wavelength of about 350-500 nm. The second polymer resin of the blend is therefore selected to provide that E0.5(BLEND)<E0.5(POLYMER).

Abstract: Photogenerating layers of photoreceptors are provided utilizing a photogenerating component/resin dispersion formed in a low boiling point solvent.

Abstract: Methods for making dispersions, which are of various rheologies, various pigment/binder ratios, various particle sizes, and possess less impurities or large particles are provided. These dispersions may be utilized to form layers of photoreceptors.

Abstract: Transparent conductive materials, articles and films are described herein a) that are easily and efficiently produced, b) can be produced prior to application or in situ, c) are easily applied to surfaces and substrates or formed into articles, d) can be produced and used with materials and methods that are generally accepted by the flat panel display (FPD) industry, along with other industries that produce and utilize microelectronics, e) can be tailored to be photoimageable and patternable using accepted photolithography techniques, f) have superior optical properties and have superior film forming properties, including better adhesion to other adjacent layers, the ability to be laid down in very or ultra thin layers and the ability to remain transparent when laid down as thicker layers. Methods of producing and using these transparent conductive materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate, and a charge generating layer containing a phthalocyanine pigment, a binder, and a solvent. The charge generating layer has a pigment particle separation distance of 28 nm or less after evaporation of the solvent. A coating system, a method of making an electrophotographic imaging member, and a method of printing also are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor and method that seldom generate cracks even while recycling a photoconductor drum and peripheral members or in a liquid developing process, and thereby produce excellent images. The electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer comprising a charge generation material and a charge transport material. The photosensitive layer comprises a resin binder of polyarylate resin having structural units represented by the following formula (I): In the formula, R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. R1, R2, and a carbon atom bonding to the R1 and R2 together form a cyclic structure. The cyclic structure is bonded to no more than two arylene groups. Each of R3 through R10 being a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom. The values of m and n satisfy the equation 0.5<m/(m+n)<0.7.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having a thermoplastic charge transport layer comprising a charge transport compound, a polycarbonate polymer binder, a particulate dispersion, and a high boiler compatible organic liquid. The disclosed charge transport layer exhibits enhanced wear resistance, excellent photoelectrical properties, and good print quality.

Abstract: A production method of an electrophotographic photosensitive member which has high productivity when producing a surface layer in which depressed portions which are independent respectively are formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member surface, and can produce highly uniform depressed portions in a photosensitive member surface, characterized by producing the surface layer by (1) a coating step of producing a coating liquid for a surface layer containing a binder resin and a specific solvent, and coating it on a surface of a cylindrical supporting member, (2) a condensation step of holding the cylindrical supporting member on which the coating liquid for a surface layer is coated, and condensing the surface of the cylindrical supporting member, and (3) a drying step of baking the cylindrical supporting member.

Abstract: Post treatment of an ultrasonically welded seamed flexible imaging member belt includes providing a flexible belt having an outer surface, an inner surface, parallel edges and a welded seam extending from one parallel edge to the other parallel edge, the belt seam including a seam region comprising an overlap of two oppositely miter cut edges, and two adjacent splashing formed around the seam; contacting the seam with abrasive and a super finishing tool; and super finishing the seam to remove at least the splashing on the outer surface of the belt.

Abstract: A method includes pre-milling a pigment by dry ball milling the pigment with crushed CO2 (s), reducing the size of particles of the pigment by milling the pigment with glass beads, measuring a size of the particles of the pigment, determining whether that size of the particles is acceptable and coating the imaging member with the pigment if it is determined that the size of the particles is acceptable. A system includes a mill, a measuring device, a coating device and a controller that controls the mill to dry ball mill a pigment with crushed CO2, and then controls the mill to reduce the size of the pigment by milling the pigment with glass beads. The controller controls the measuring device to measure a size of the particles of the pigment to determine whether the size of the particles is acceptable. The imaging member is then coated with the solution.

Abstract: A production method of an electrophotographic photosensitive member which has high productivity when producing a surface layer in which depressed portions which are independent respectively are formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member surface, and can produce highly uniform depressed portions in a photosensitive member surface, characterized by producing the surface layer by (1) a coating step of producing a coating liquid for a surface layer containing a binder resin and a specific solvent, and coating it on a surface of a cylindrical supporting member, (2) a condensation step of holding the cylindrical supporting member on which the coating liquid for a surface layer is coated, and condensing the surface of the cylindrical supporting member, and (3) a drying step of baking the cylindrical supporting member.

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes a photogenerating layer, and at least one charge transport layer where the photogenerating layer contains a titanyl phthalocyanine prepared, for example, by dissolving a Type I titanyl phthalocyanine in a solution comprising a trihaloacetic acid and an alkylene halide; adding the resulting mixture of the dissolved Type I titanyl phthalocyanine to a solution of an alcohol and an alkylene halide thereby precipitating a Type Y titanyl phthalocyanine; and treating the Type Y titanyl phthalocyanine with a monohalobenzene, and wherein the photogenerating layer is prepared from a dispersion of the titanyl phthalocyanine Type V and a chlorinated solvent of at least one of a dichloroethane and a dichloropropane.

Abstract: An imaging member including a substrate; thereover a charge generating layer; thereover a first charge transport layer comprising a small molecule charge transport material and a polymeric component selected from the group consisting of polyarylamine polyester, polyacylamine, and mixtures and combinations thereof; and a second charge transport layer disposed over the first charge transport layer, the second charge transport layer comprising a small molecule charge transport material and a binder, wherein the second charge transport layer is free of polyarylamine polyester and polyacylamine.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed having a first area layer and a second area layer on a substrate. The first area layer and the second area layer are formed by deposition using different methods, and an intermediate layer is provided therebetween. The intermediate layer is changed continuously in composition in such a manner that the composition at the surface in contact with the first area layer is approximately the same as the composition of the first area layer and that the composition at the surface in contact with the second area layer is approximately the same as the composition of the second area layer, whereby the various characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is prevented from deteriorating.

Abstract: A method of preparing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, including forming a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate; and forming a surface layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer is formed by a spray coating comprising a spray droplet having an average diameter (D50) not greater than 10 ?m.

Abstract: A polycrystalline photo-conductor containing Bi12MO20, in which M represents at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of Ge, Si, and Ti, is produced by hydrothermal synthesis processing. The photo-conductor is adapted for constituting a radiation imaging panel capable of recording radiation image information.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a charge blocking layer; a moiré preventing layer; and a photosensitive layer, which are overlaid overlying the substrate in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a titanyl phthalocyanine crystal which has an average primary particle diameter not greater than 0.25 ?m, and has an X-ray diffraction spectrum such that a maximum peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 27.2°±0.2°; a peak is observed at Bragg (2?) angle of 9.4°±0.2°, 9.6±0.2° and 24.0±0.2°; a lowest angle peak is observed at an angle of 7.3°±0.2°; no peak is observed between the lowest angle peak and the 9.4° peak; and no peak is observed at a Bragg (2?) angle of 26.3°±0.2°, when a Cu—K? X-ray having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm (1.542 ?) is used.

Abstract: Positive-charge injection-related ghosting of images in electrophotographic processes is addressed by electrophotographic photoreceptors that include a positive-charge injection preventing layer that includes one or more positive-charge-injection preventing compounds. In addition, processes are provided for preventing positive charge injection, in which the processes include a step of applying a positive-charge injection preventing composition to an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which the positive-charge injection preventing composition includes one or more positive-charge-injection preventing compound.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes a cylindrical support; a charge-generating layer and a charge-transporting layer that are layered onto the cylindrical support in this sequence from the cylindrical support side. The charge-transporting layer includes a charge transport material, and resins including a curable resin and a thermoplastic resin. The proportion of the content of the curable resin with respect to the total amount of the resins in the charge-transporting layer increases in the layer thickness direction with distance from the charge-generating layer side.

Abstract: A method for preparing a photoreceptor including forming a photosensitive layer overlying an electroconductive substrate; coating a liquid including a radically polymerizable compound to form a protective layer; irradiating the protective layer with light to crosslink the protective layer; and then contacting the protective layer with a fluid, which is selected from the group consisting of supercritical fluids and subcritical fluids and which includes a charge transport material. A photoreceptor prepared by the method. An image forming method, an image forming apparatus and a process cartridge using the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer formed by using a halogen-free solvent, arranged in this order, in which the charge generation layer contains a charge generation material having an average particle diameter smaller than a surface roughness of a plane where the electroconductive substrate is arranged, and a polyvinyl acetal resin having a ratio Mw/Mn of a weight-average molecular weight Mw to a number-average molecular weight Mn is 2.2 or more.

Abstract: An image recording material which has a support and an image recording layer containing a crystalline polymer and an amorphous polymer on at least one surface of the support, wherein the image recording layer has a storage elastic modulus G? at 100° C. of 1×102 Pa to 1×105 Pa during a temperature increase at 5° C./min, a storage elastic modulus G? at 60° C. of 1×106 Pa or more during a temperature decrease at 5° C./min and a temperature difference of 18° C. or less between a temperature at which the storage elastic modulus G? during a temperature increase at 5° C./min reaches 1×105 Pa and a temperature at which the storage elastic modules G? during a temperature decrease at 5° C./min reaches 1×105 Pa, upon measurement of viscoelasticity by using a rheometer of plate-to-plate distance: 1.5 mm, diameter: 20 mm.

Abstract: A method for producing a photoconductive switching element for switching a functional element to be driven by an AC field or a DC field, in which the photoconductive switching element comprises an electrode layer, a lower charge generation layer, a charge transport layer and an upper charge generation layer laminated in that order on a substrate, which comprises forming at least one layer to be laminated above the electrode layer by the use of a solvent system that comprises a solvent capable of swelling or dissolving the layer just below the layer to be laminated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate, a charge transport layer and an overcoat layer formed by combining a film forming binder and a hole transporting hydroxy triarylamine compound having at least one hydroxyl functional group that is linked to a ring carbon of an aryl group by an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and is capable of forming at least one of a chemical bond and a physical bond with the film forming binder. Also disclosed is an electrophotographic imaging member with an overcoat layer formed by combining a film forming polycarbonate binder, a hole transport material, a surface energy reducing silicone material comprising a crosslinkable acrylate monomer, and a solvent. Coatings and methods of forming imaging members also are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides photoreceptors and methods for fabricating photoreceptors. Photoreceptor device surfaces and fabrication methods have been designed to suppress a “plywood effect.” One method includes providing a substrate, rotating the substrate, lathing the substrate with a cutting tool and a cutting fluid by at least one pass, cleaning the substrate to remove the cutting fluid, and depositing onto the substrate at least one layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer, where the charge generating layer includes a photogenerating material, a film-forming polymer binder, and a glycol compound having two hydroxyl groups bonded to adjoining carbon atoms in the carbon chain.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer, where the charge generating layer includes a photogenerating material and a hydroxyl group-containing polymeric compound.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus provided including the organic photoreceptor, wherein the organic photoreceptor has the shortage of a conventional single-layered type photoreceptor and has higher photosensitivity and good repetition stability. The photoreceptor has a photosensitive layer on an electrically conductive substrate where the photosensitive layer has an electron transporting material that increases in concentration toward the interface between the substrate and the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An imaging member including a substrate; an optional undercoat layer situated on the substrate; an optional adhesive layer situated on the substrate or on the optional blocking layer; a charge generation layer situated on the substrate, on the optional undercoat layer, or on the adhesive layer, the charge generation layer comprising a rylene pigment, a pigment sensitizing dopant having an electron acceptor molecule and an optional binder component; and at least one charge transport layer situated on the charge generation layer.

Abstract: An imaging member including a substrate; an optional undercoat layer; a charge generating layer comprising photoconductive pigment and a pigment sensitizing dopant having an electron acceptor molecule; and a charge transport layer.

Abstract: An imaging member including a substrate; thereover a charge generation layer comprising a thiophosphate; and at least one charge transport layer positioned on the charge generation layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a layer on a support, wherein the photoreceptor satisfies a condition represented by Formulas 1 and 2; 0<Pmax<2PFormula 1 2?(Pmax/D)×100?50Formula 2 wherein P represents an average of the layer thickness in ?m at the central position in the width direction of image forming area of the support, Pmax represents is an average of the largest value of the layer thickness in ?m without the image forming area, D represents an average of the distance in ?m from the point where the largest value is formed to the edge of the layer and a image forming method and an apparatus using the same.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing a single-layer charge transport layer or a two-layer charge transport layer including a first charge transport layer and a second pass charge transport layer of an imaging member, wherein the charge transport layer or layers comprises a charge transport material, includes a) contacting surfactant, polytetrafluoroethylene particles and at least one first solvent in the absence of polymer binder to form a polytetrafluoroethylene particle slurry; b) adding and mixing the polytetrafluoroethylene particle slurry of a) to a composition comprising at least one polymer binder and at least one second solvent which is the same or different from the first solvent and processing to form a polytetrafluoroethylene particle dispersion; c) carrying out a second mixing with a base charge transport layer or small molecule transport layer solution to form a polytetrafluoroethylene particle dispersion-charge transport layer composition; and d) disposing the polytetrafluoroethylene particle dispersion-cha

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoating layer, the overcoating layer being a cured film formed from a composition including at least a hydroxyl group-containing polymer or oligomer, a benzoguanamine compound containing at least one —CH2OR group, wherein each such R is independently an H atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and a charge transport compound.

Abstract: A method of coating a photoconductive element for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and an apparatus therefore are disclosed. A plurality of cylindrical bodies are immersed in a bath, which stores a coating liquid, at the same time and then lifted out of the bath. As a result, a photoconductive film is formed on each cylindrical body.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate; and an outermost layer located overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein the outermost layer is formed by a reaction between a radical polymerizable compound having no charge transport structure including a compound having a specific formula, and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, while applying heat, light, or ionizing radiation to the reaction, and wherein at least one of the photosensitive layer and the outermost layer includes at least an arylmethane compound having an alkylamino group or a compound having a specific formula.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, including an electrically conductive substrate, an undercoat layer containing a filler and a binder resin and provided on the substrate, and a photoconductive layer provided on the undercoat layer and containing a binder resin. At least one compound selected from crown ethers, polyalkyleneglycol ethers, polyethyleneglycol monocarboxylic acid esters, polyethyleneglycol dicarboxylic acid esters, and hydroxy-terminated random or block copolymers containing oxypropylene and oxyethylene groups is incorporated into (a) the undercoat layer or (b) into a charge generating layer of the photoconductive layer. In the case of (a), the photoconductive layer is a dried coating of a composition containing at least one solvent selected from cyclic ethers, ketones and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of forming a toner image employing a photoreceptor is described. The photoreceptor comprises a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical conductive substrate, Formula (1) and Formula (2) are held, 0<Pmax<2P??Formula (1) 2?(Pmax/D)×100?50??Formula (2) wherein P (?m) is the average of the coating layer thickness in central section in the width direction of the photoreceptor, Pmax (?m) is average of the image forming region, and D (?m) is average of distance between point, at which said maximum value is obtained, and edge of the coating layer.

Abstract: A positively-charged electrophotographic organic photoreceptor includes an electrically conductive support, and a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer sequentially stacked on the electrically conductive support. The charge generating layer is formed by coating a charge generating layer forming composition that includes a fluorene compound, a charge generating material, a binder resin and an organic solvent on the charge transport layer, and drying. The organic photoreceptor has high sensitivity, while suppressing contamination of a charge generating layer during coating, and thicknesses of a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer may be adjusted. Also, the electrostatic properties of the organic photoreceptor, including charge potential and exposure potential, may be easily adjusted.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve a phenomenon of the life-shortening of the endurance life due to scratch occurring when recesses of a fixed dimple shape are formed on the surface of the surface layer, in order to inhibit the chattering and folding back of a cleaning blade and the fracture of an edge, which occurs because friction between the surface layer of the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an abutting member is high; and particularly to improve the above described problems, from initial printing through printing on many sheets, which become particularly remarkable when using an electrophotographic photosensitive member with the use of a curable resin that is improved so as to have a high elastic deformation rate for the surface layer, in order to improve the strength of the surface layer, for the purpose of increasing the durability of an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member includes a substrate, hole blocking layer, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer, wherein the charge transport layer is formed in a sol-gel process. The charge transport layer includes an in situ formed organic-inorganic composite, and exhibits increased wear resistant and retains excellent electrical properties.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer overlayed thereon is provided. The charge transport layer has a lower surface and an upper surface, wherein the lower surface is in contiguous contact with the charge generating layer. The charge transport layer comprises a film forming polymer binder and a charge transport compound molecularly dispersed or dissolved therein to form a solid solution. The concentration of the charge transport compound in the charge transport layer decreases from the lower surface to the upper surface. In such a construction, the resulting charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improved wear resistance, excellent imaging member electrical performance, and improved copy print out quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electrophotographic photo-receptor having a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer laid on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least one ?-oxo bridged heterometal compound as a charge generating material. The organic electrophotographic photo-receptor has high photo-sensitivity, high stability, excellent durability on sensitivity and on electric potential, and has excellent organic photo-conductive property.