Abstract: A photo conducting imaging member has a charge generator layer including a binder containing at least a polycarbonate of formula (I):

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a photoreceptor includes the steps of consecutively forming a transparent conductive layer, a photoconductive layer, insulation layer and an electrode layer on a transparent support member, covering the electrode layer with a photo-setting dry film having a mask pattern therein, and sand-blasting the electrode layer and the insulation layer through the mask pattern to form an array of pores in the electrode layer and the insulation layer. A porous layer having a uniform thickness and uniform arrangement of pores can be obtained.

Abstract: Composites comprising polymeric binders and phthalocyanine pigments to form a single layer positive organic photoconductor are provided for use in electrophotography. The polymeric binders comprise an aliphatic polymer or copolymer having a saturated ring for each repeat unit either included in the polymer chain or pendant therefrom and about 4 to 35% of functional groups such as --OH, --SH, --N<, >NH, and --NH.sub.2 per repeat unit. The saturated ring portion, being essentially non-polar, or at least less polar than an unsaturated ring, maintains the specific morphology of the phthalo-cyanine pigments commonly employed in positive charge organic photoconductors (OPCs) and results in a stable dispersion required for the stable performance of the OPC. Keeping the functional groups listed above to less than about 35% ensures that the photoresponse is not reduced to an unacceptable level. Heating of the composite is used to control the concentration of the functional groups.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a charging unit, an image exposure unit, a reversal development unit, an image transfer unit, and an electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, the photoconductive layer being provided by coating and drying a photoconductive layer formation liquid containing a solvent, with a change in the content of the solvent in the photoconductive layer dried being 10% or less 24 hours after the drying thereof.

Abstract: Methods of making a charge generation layer comprise premixing a charge generation compound, a charge transport compound and solvent to form a premix essentially free of polymeric binder, mixing the premix with at least one polymeric binder to form a dispersion, and coating the dispersion on a substrate. Photoconductors comprising a substrate, a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer formed by such a method exhibit improved electrical sensitivity.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a cost effective method for manufacturing an electrophotographic-photosensitive-body comprising forming a photosensitive layer on the internal surface of a cylindrical mold, polymerizing a resin for a transparent substrate using a centrifugal casting method, and integrating the resin obtained with the photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic-photosensitive-body obtained may be used for an internally illuminating electrophotographic apparatus and that has an excellent printing performance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. It comprises a photosensitive layer on an electrically conductive support and the photosensitive layer contains at least one compound of 0.001 to 10 weight percent selected from dioxolan and dioxolan derivatives, and titanylphthalocyanine or titanylphthalocyanine/vanadylphthalocyanine mixed crystal.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve the storage stability of a coating liquid for forming a photosensitive layer of a photosensitive member for electrophotography as well as to improve the electrophotography properties of a photosensitive member produced by applying the coating liquid. A photosensitive member for electrophotography is produced by applying a coating liquid composition for a photosensitive member for electrophotography prepared by dissolving or dispersing an organic photoconductive compound and a binder resin in a solvent, and further containing an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon on an electroconductive substrate, and drying for forming a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor having an electrically conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate is provided wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a layer that contains titanyl oxyphthalocyanine as a photoconductive material, and alkyl polyol that is diol or higher polyol and has hydroxyl groups for every three carbon atoms in a main chain of the alkyl polyol. The content of the alkyl polyol is controlled such that the amount of the hydroxyl groups of the alkyl polyol is in a range of 0.1 mol to 100 mol per 1 mol of titanyl oxyphthalocyanine. A method of manufacturing this electrophotographic photoconductor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate having a photoconductive film thereon. The photoconductive film includes a layer containing a charge transport agent and a phosphonite compound, which acts as an antioxidant. Preferably, the phosphonite compound is diarylarylphosphonite. The layer that contains the charge transport preferably contains from 0.005 to 10 weight % of diarylarylphosphonite. The diarylarylphosphonite is preferably a compound selected from the group consisting of bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phenylphosphonite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)phenylphosphonite and bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)phenylphosphonite.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive element having S-type photo-induced potential decay characteristics and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are provided.The photosensitive member comprises a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on an electroconductive substrate. The charge transport layer contains a polymer in a phase separated state with a modulated structure, comprising an electrically inactive phase and a charge transporting phase. The amount of exposure required for 50% potential decay is less than 5 times the exposure amount required for 10% potential decay. The modulated structure includes, for example, a mixture of insulating polymer and charge transporting polymer and the like. The modulated structure can be formed by the method of separating a homogeneous phase of these polymers into two phases.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includinga supporting substrate,an undercoat layer doped with an acceptor moleculea charge generating layer comprisingphotoconductive pigment particles,film forming binder andan acceptor molecule dissolved in the film forming binder, the acceptor molecule represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a charge transport layer,the charge generating layer being located between the substrate and the charge transport layer. A process for fabricating this imaging member is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having a perylene-containing charge generating layer is prepared by forming a dispersion of a perylene-containing charge generating material and a solvent including n-butylacetate and applying the dispersion to an electrophotographic imaging member layer by solution coating. The solvent may include n-butylacetate and a second solvent having a boiling point lower than that of n-butylacetate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is prepared by forming a dispersion of a charge transport material in a solvent system including at least two non-chlorinated solvents selected from tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and toluene, and applying the dispersion to an electrophotographic imaging member layer by solution coating.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprisinga supporting substrate,an undercoat layer doped with an donor moleculea charge generating layer comprisingphotoconductive pigment particles,film forming binder andan donor molecule dissolved in the film forming binder, anda charge transport layer,the charge generating layer being located between the substrate and the charge transport layer. A process for fabricating this imaging member is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing a substrate for a photoreceptor having an exposing device therein for use in an electrophotographic apparatus, including the steps of: injecting polymerizable liquid material into a die whose inner surface is cylindrical; polymerizing the polymerizable liquid material while rotating and heating the die so that a substrate is formed inside the die; and removing the substrate from the die after the polymerizing, wherein the polymerizable liquid material is a transparent resin material and a thickness of the substrate is controlled according to an injecting amount of the polymerizable liquid material.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a thermal diffusion transfer component comprising: dissolving an organic pigment in a Lewis acid and a polar aprotic solvent to form a pigment solution; coating the solution on a substrate; optionally washing the coated substrate with a protic solvent to remove the Lewis acid and the aprotic solvent; and optionally drying the coated substrate.

Abstract: A charge generation layer and a method of manufacturing a charge generation layer of a highly sensitive organic photoconductor for electrophotography is provided, wherein the charge generation layer is formed by using a dispersion liquid in which an organic pigment or dye is so dispersed as to be fully utilized as a charge generation agent. The organic pigment or dye is dispersed and pulverized in a dispersing solvent, with ball-shaped pulverizing media of about 0.1 to about 0.3 mm in diameter, to an average particle size of from about 0.1 to about 0.3 .mu.m. The ratio of the organic pigment or dye to the solid components of the dispersion liquid is set at about 5 to about 95 weight %. The ball-shaped pulverizing media are removed from the dispersion liquid prior to dip coat formation of the charge generation layer. The total weight of the ball-shaped pulverizing media is set at about 0.25 to about 5 times as heavy as the weight of the dispersion liquid.

Abstract: Embodiments of photoconductors and methods of making photoconductors for electophotography are described, each embodiment comprising a complex between metal oxide phthalocyanine compound(s) and hydroxy compound(s). A metal oxide phthalocyanine pigment exhibits extended photoresponse between 850 nm and 1000 nm when it is milled with a specific hydroxy binder, which preferably includes a modified poly-vinyl butyral binder containing a --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH unit, a cyclohexanol unit, or another hydroxy unit. Optionally, hydroxy solvents or other hydroxy additives may also be included. Preferably, the pigment is dehydrated or hydroxy-starved before milling with the binder and solvents. The metal oxide phthalocyanine pigments and the hydroxy groups form a complex which extends the photo-response of an OPC to wavelengths beyond about 850 nm, in order to achieve higher xerographic speed with higher resolution.

Abstract: A method is disclosed including: (a) dip coating a batch of substrates, each substrate defining an end region, a center region, and a top region, with a first coating solution including a solvent to deposit a first layer on the end region, the center region, and optionally on a part of the top region of each substrate, wherein the first layer includes a wet coating solution bead formed at the end region of each substrate, thereby resulting in a plurality of wet coating solution beads; (b) directing a gas simultaneously at the entire plurality of the wet coating solution beads to remove a portion of the solvent in each bead, wherein the gas fails to disrupt the coating uniformity of the part of the first layer over the center region of each substrate; and (c) dip coating the batch of the substrates subsequent to (b) with a second coating solution to deposit a second layer over the first layer, wherein the portion of the solvent removed from each bead in (b) is sufficient to prevent contamination of the second

Abstract: A photosensitive material for electrophotography, wherein the charge-generating agent comprises a P-type charge-generating pigment and an N-type charge-generating pigment in combination, at least part of these pigments being present in the form of aggregates in the photosensitive layer. The photosensitive material will assume the form of either a single dispersion type or a laminated layer type, and exhibits very high carrier generation efficiency, strikingly improved sensitivity on the side of long wavelengths, excellent balance in the spectral sensitivity and property after repetitively used, and can hence be effectively used for forming image by the electrophotography.

Abstract: Derivatives of diiminoquinones are useful as electron transport agents in electrophotography. The diiminoquinone derivatives are inexpensive materials, requiring only two steps to synthesize, have excellent solubility and compatibility with most binders due to the presence of long alkyl chains, and evidence high electron mobility.

Abstract: There is disclosed a dip coating method comprising: (a) shaping the widths of a plurality of hollow, flexible, endless substrates into an elongated shape and arranging the plurality of the elongated substrates into a configuration for dipping into a coating solution of a single coating vessel prior to (c); (b) dipping the plurality of the substrates having the elongated shape into a coating solution disposed in the coating vessel; and (c) raising the plurality of the substrates having the elongated shape from the coating solution, thereby resulting in coated substrates.

Abstract: A phthalocyanine pigment dispersion using a dispersing polymer having pendant quaternary ammonium salt groups to form a highly dispersed and stable millbase is described. The pigment dispersion is compatible with poly(vinylbutyral) resins and stable in ketone solvents. The pigment dispersion is particularly useful as a charge-generating or charge-transport material in an organic photoconductor construction.

Abstract: There is disclosed a dip coating method for fabricating a photosensitive member employing a substrate which defines a top non-imaging portion, a middle imaging portion, and a bottom non-imaging portion, wherein the method comprises: (a) immersing the bottom non-imaging portion, the middle imaging portion, and optionally a part of the top non-imaging portion of the substrate in a coating solution; (b) raising the middle imaging portion out of the coating solution; and (c) raising the bottom non-imaging portion out of the coating solution at a take-up speed which is decreasing from the take-up speed of the substrate at the junction between the middle imaging portion and the bottom non-imaging portion, thereby reducing the size of any bead on the bottom non-imaging portion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having a perylene-containing charge generating layer is prepared by forming a dispersion of a perylene charge generating material in an acetate solvent and applying the dispersion to an electrophotographic imaging member layer by solution coating. An imaging member is prepared by forming an interphase region between a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer.

Abstract: A process for preparing ultrafine pigment dispersions comprising providing a solubilized mixture of pigment-Lewis acid complex and an aprotic organic solvent; precipitating the resulting solubilized complex into a protic solvent thereby forming a dispersion of ultrafine pigment particles; removing the aprotic and protic solvents to afford a wet cake containing finely divided pigment particles; optionally neutralizing and washing the wet cake particles; and redispersing the resulting ultrafine pigment particles in an aqueous solution, an organic solvent, or mixtures thereof, and a binder resin to form an ultrafine pigment and binder resin dispersion.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having no coating defect, a high charging performance, an excellent stability in a repeated use, and no image quality defect. The manufacturing process comprises the steps of coating a subbing layer-forming coating solution on the conductive substrate under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 5.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.; drying the coated solution under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. to prepare a subbing layer; coating a photosensitive layer-forming coating solution on the subbing layer under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 5.degree. C. to 10.degree. C.; and drying the coated solution under an environment having a dew-point temperature in the range of from 10.degree. C. to 20.degree. C. to prepare a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A process for producing an organic photosensitive material preventing brushing by applying an organic solvent solution or a dispersion of an organic photosensitive material onto the surface of a blank tube consisting of an electrically conducting substrate such as of aluminum, wherein when the thickness of the blank tube is denoted as t (cm) and the thickness of the photosensitive material layer as d (cm), the thickness of said photosensitive material layer is so set as to satisfy the following equation, d=kt, wherein k is a number which is 0.13 or smaller. The brushing can be effectively prevented by controlling only the thickness of the blank tube which is forming the photosensitive layer and the thickness of said photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging member including providing a substrate to be coated, forming a coating comprising photoconductive pigment particles having an average particle size of less than about 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a dispersion solution comprising a carrier generation material, a binder resin and an organic solvent; and(b) coating said dispersion solution on a conductive support; wherein said carrier generation material is a fluorenone type bisazo pigment represented by Formula F.sub.1, and main component of said organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of a ketone type solvent, an ester type solvent and an alcohol type each having a branched alkyl group: ##STR1## wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, p, q, and A, are defined as in the Specification.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member fabricated by forming on a charge generating layer a first coating including charge transporting molecules dispersed in a solution of a first polymer binder dissolved in a first solvent, drying the coating to remove the solvent to form a substantially dry charge transport layer, forming on the charge transport layer a second coating including charge transporting molecules and a chemical stabilizer additive selected from the group consisting of a nitrone, isobenzofuran, hydroxyaromatic compound and mixtures thereof molecularly dispersed in an electrically inactive second polymer binder in a solution of a second polymer binder dissolved in a second solvent, the first polymer binder being insoluble in the second solvent, and drying the second coating to remove the second solvent to form a substantially dry overcoat layer. This electrophotographic imaging member may be utilized in an electrophotographic imaging process.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor including a base layer formed of a first material and a photoconductive layer formed of a second material. The organic photoconductor being characterized in that when it is maintained in a curved orientation with the photoconductive layer facing outward, the photoconductive layer is subjected to less stress than the base layer. In one embodiment the first material is relatively more flexible and stretchable than said second material and the materials are pre-stressed in opposite senses. In a second embodiment the first material is relatively flexible and stretchable and the second material is an initially less flexible and stretchable material which has been chemically treated to increase its stretchability and flexibility.

Abstract: A process for preparing an electrophotographic imaging member having a coating of photoconductive particles dispersed in a polymerizable film forming monomer, which when polymerized forms a charge generating layer.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging member including providing a substrate to be coated, forming a coating comprising photoconductive pigment particles consisting essentially of vanadyl phthalocyanine particles having an average particle size of less than about 0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of photoconductive imaging members which comprises coating a supporting substrate with a photogenerator layer comprised of photogenerating pigments and a mixture of cyclic oligomers wherein said mixture is heated to obtain a polycarbonate resin binder, and subsequently applying to the photogenerating layer a layer of charge transport molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member through application of a paint by dipping an object to be coated into a paint coating bath. The process comprises steps of: blowing a gas periodically into the paint from a lower portion of the paint coating bath agitate the paint, and dipping the object to be coated at a predetermined time after agitating the paint.

Abstract: A photoconductive element of smooth surface comprises a single aggregate photoconductive layer which contains an aggregate photoconductor and at least three organic charge transport agents. In a preferred embodiment the aggregate photoconductive composition is formed from a high molecular weight alkylidene diarylene polycarbonate and is mixed with at least five organic charge transport agents and the element is overcoated with a thin, smooth, abrasion-resistant layer of silicon carbide. The smooth surface of the photoconductive element has a 20.degree. gloss greater than about 6 and is resistant to scumming by fine toner particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element comprises a single aggregate photoconductive layer which contains a continuous phase that has a high glass transition temperature T.sub.g, of at least about 110.degree. C. The required high glass transition temperatures can be obtained by using compositions for the aggregate photoconductive layer that contain organic charge transport agents with high glass transition temperatures or polymer binders with high glass transition temperatures, or combinations of both. In a preferred embodiment an aggregating bisphenol A polycarbonate is used in combination with a cobinder polymer that has a high glass transition temperature. The electrophotographic element of the invention can be dried at temperatures of at least about 100.degree. C., and preferably from about 110.degree. C. to about 145.degree. C., to eliminate the solvent used in coating.

Abstract: A layered photosensitive imaging member is modified to reduce the effects of interference within the member caused by reflections from coherent light incident on a base ground plane. The modification described is to form the ground plane surface by an electroforming process which leaves the surface with a black finish. Light incident on the ground plane is absorbed, eliminating the reflections which contribute to the interference effect at the imaging member surface.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having provided thereon a photoconductive layer containing an inorganic photoconductive substance and a binder resin is disclosed. The method comprises mixing the inorganic photoconductive substance and the binder resin to prepare a dispersion for forming the photoconductive layer, and coating the dispersion on the support, wherein the binder resin contains at least one resin (A) which has a weight average molecular weight of from 1.times.10.sup.3 to 1.times.10.sup.4 contains a repeating unit represented by the formula (I) specified above as a polymer component, has a crosslinked structure prior to the preparation of the dispersion for forming the photoconductive layer, and has at least one acidic group bonded at only one terminal of at least one polymer main chain.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotography which comprises a conductive substrate and a photoconductive layer which is composed of an amorphous silicon layer and an amorphous silicon germanium layer containing a specific amount of hydrogen and/or halogen respectively, and being prepared by electron cyclotron resonance method respectively, which is useful for xerographic systems.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotography comprising a photoconductive layer formed on an electro- conductive support, in which the photoconductive layer is composed of an amorphous silicon germanium layer formed by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) method and containing hydrogen and/or halogen in an amount of more than 40 at. % to 65 at. % and an amorphous silicon nitride layer formed by ECR method and containing hydrogen and/or halogen in an amount of more than 40 at. % to 60 at. %, the amorphous silicon nitride layer being laminated on the amorphous silicon germanium layer; said member exhibiting an increased sensitivity to laser rays having a long wavelength and an improved charge retention capacity.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotography which comprises a conductive substrate and a photoconductive layer, the photoconductive layer being an amorphous silicon germanium containing hydrogen and/or a halogen at a specific amount, deposited by electron cyclotron resonance method, which is useful for image formation apparatus such as a laser printer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic laminated photosensitive material of the positive charging type comprising an electroconductive substrate, a charge-transporting layer formed on the substrate and a charge-generating and transporting layer formed on the charge-transporting layer. The charge-transporting layer is composed of a binder resin containing a hole-transporting substance, and the charge-generating and transporting layer is composed of a binder resin containing a hole-transporting substance different from the hole-transporting substance in the charge-transporting layer and a charge-generating substance. The oxidation potential of the hole-transporting substance in the charge-generating and transporting layer is higher than that of the hole-transporting substance in the charge-transporting layer, but the difference of the oxidation potential between the hole-transporting substances of the two layers is smaller than 0.3 eV.

Abstract: A process for fabricating an electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed which involves providing an electrically conductive layer, forming an aminosilane reaction product charge blocking layer on the electrically conductive layer, extruding a ribbon of a solution comprising an adhesive polymer dissolved in at least a first solvent on the electrically conductive layer to form a wet adhesive layer, drying the adhesive layer to form a dry continuous coating having a thickness between about 0.08 micrometer (800 angstroms) and about 0.

Abstract: A process for preparing an electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate having an electrically conductive surface, a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer contiguous to the charge generating layer, the process comprising preparing a dispersion of finely divided photoconductive particles in a liquid in which the particles are insoluble, the liquid comprising at least 0.25 percent by weight of an alcohol based on the total weight of the liquid, applying a thin coating of the dispersion on a substrate, evaporating substantially all of the liquid from the coating, and embedding the particles in a film forming polymer matrix to form the charge generating layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having the structure comprising a conductive substrate laminated thereon with (i) a charge generation layer comprising two or more kinds of charge-generating materials incorporated in binder resins and (ii) a charge transport layer, wherein said charge generation layer comprises at least a first charge generating material dispersed in a first binder resin and a second charge generating material dispersed in a second binder resin, such that the binder resins in the charge generating layer are incompatible with each other.

Abstract: A process for forming a deposited film comprises introducing into a film forming space housing a substrate therein an active species (A) formed by decomposition of a compound containing germanium and a halogen and an active species (B) formed from a chemical substance for film formation which is reactive with said active species (A) separately from each other, then providing them with heat energy and thereby allowing both the species to react with each other thereby to form a deposited film on the substrate.

Abstract: A process for forming a deposited film comprises introducing into a film forming space housing a substrate therein an active species (A) formed by decomposition of a compound containing carbon and halogen and an active species (B) formed from a chemical substance for film formation which is chemically mutually reactive with said active species (A) separately from each other, then providing them with heat energy and thereby allowing both the species to react chemically with each other to form a deposited film on the substrate.