Abstract: Gradient refractive index lenses (GRI-Ls) and methods of fabricating the same are provided. GRI-Ls can be fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) and/or photo-assisted, thermal-assisted, and/or other laser-based curing from at least two precursors with a preset refractive index gradation along the planar axis. These lenses are self-focusing lenses and may be convergent or divergent for decreasing and increasing refractive indices from the center, respectively. Rather than a gradation in lens thickness from the center, the GRI-Ls can have a gradation of composition from the center.

Abstract: There is provided an alignment system and method for use in an ultrashort pulse duration laser-based Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) writing system, the alignment system comprising: clamps configured to hold a coated optical fiber in a position perpendicular to a beam path of an ultrashort pulse duration laser-based FBG writing station; an optical detector; and a control system with an input from the optical detector and an output to adjust parameters of an optical source and the FBG writing station adjust a distance between the optical fiber and an optical source of the writing station based on luminescence generated in a core of the optical fiber as indicated in a signal received at the input from the optical detector.

Abstract: A method for producing a pattern in relief in a thin plastic card, includes the following steps: producing a stack of layers including, in the following order: a transparent layer, a special layer, a black surface, and a substrate layer, and drawing the pattern by a laser through the transparent layer.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to one or more methods of using naturally occurring vesicles as contrasting agents for ultrasound imaging.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus for generating print data for a printing apparatus that forms an image on a printing medium with a plurality of types of printing materials. An acquisition unit acquires light scattering characteristic information representing a light scattering characteristic of each of the plurality of types of printing materials. A decision unit decides an order of superposing the plurality of types of printing materials in a predetermined region of the image in accordance with the acquired light scattering characteristic information such that a printing material having a relatively high light scattering characteristic is printed on a relatively lower layer on the printing medium. A generation unit generates the print data to form the image on the printing medium using the plurality of types of printing materials in accordance with the decided order.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for minimizing or eliminating diffusion effects. Diffused regions of a segmented flow of multiple, miscible fluid species may be vented off to a waste channel, and non-diffused regions of fluid may be preferentially pulled off the channel that contains the segmented flow. Multiple fluid samples that are not contaminated via diffusion may be collected for analysis and measurement in a single channel. The systems and methods for minimizing or eliminating diffusion effects may be used to minimize or eliminate diffusion effects in a microfluidic system for monitoring the amplification of DNA molecules and the dissociation behavior of the DNA molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photopolymer formulation comprising matrix polymers, writing monomers, and photo initiators, comprising a combination of at least two different writing monomers. The invention further relates to the use of the photopolymer formulation for producing optical elements, in particular for producing holographic elements and images, to a method for producing the photopolymer formulation and to a method for illuminating holographic media made of the photopolymer formulation.

Abstract: This invention provides a volume hologram photosensitive composition, which can realize a hologram having an excellent brightness and, at the same time, having excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength, and a photosensitive medium for volume hologram recording using the volume hologram photosensitive composition. The volume hologram photosensitive composition comprises at least a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, a sensitizing dye for sensitizing the initiator, and a binder resin. The binder resin comprises a heat curing resin, and optionally a thermoplastic resin, and the thermoplastic resin is contained in an amount of 0 to 25% by weight based on the total solid content of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive photosensitive resin composition which is characterized by containing (a) a polysiloxane that is synthesized by hydrolyzing and partially condensing a specific organosilane and an organosilane oligomer, (b) aluminum compound particles, tin compound particles, titanium compound particles, zirconium compound particles, composite particles of the aforementioned compounds or composite particles of any of the aforementioned compounds and a silicon compound, (c) a naphthoquinonediazide compound and (d) a solvent. The positive photosensitive resin composition is also characterized in that the organosilane oligomer contains a specific organosilane. The positive photosensitive resin composition has achieved excellent sensitivity and resolution without deteriorating high refractive index and high transparency.

Abstract: A process for preparing a subassembly, the process comprising: (a) defining the location of one or more grooves for receiving optical conduits on the top planar surface of a wafer or panel, the grooves corresponding to multiple interposers on the wafer or panel; and (b) etching the grooves into the wafer or panel, each groove having sidewalls and first and second terminal ends and a first facet at each terminal end perpendicular to the side walls, each first facet having a first angle relative to the top planar surface, each groove being shared by a pair of transmitting and receiving interposers on the wafer or panel prior to being diced such that the first and second terminal ends of each groove correspond to transmitting and receiving interposers, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for minimizing or eliminating diffusion effects. Diffused regions of a segmented flow of multiple, miscible fluid species may be vented off to a waste channel, and non-diffused regions of fluid may be preferentially pulled off the channel that contains the segmented flow. Multiple fluid samples that are not contaminated via diffusion may be collected for analysis and measurement in a single channel. The systems and methods for minimizing or eliminating diffusion effects may be used to minimize or eliminate diffusion effects in a microfluidic system for monitoring the amplification of DNA molecules and the dissociation behavior of the DNA molecules.

Abstract: A method and device for periodically perturbing the flow field within a microfluidic device to provide regular droplet formation at high speed.

Abstract: A method of forming an image having multiple phases is disclosed herein. The method includes forming exposed and unexposed areas, the exposed areas comprising a first polymer network exhibiting first and second phases that are chemically connected and have different refractive indices, the first phase being continuous, and the second phase comprising a plurality of structures dispersed within the first phase, and the unexposed areas comprising a second polymer network comprising third and fourth phases that are chemically connected and have different refractive indices, the third phase being continuous, and the fourth phase comprising a plurality of structures dispersed within the third phase. The first and second polymer networks are chemically connected, and morphology formed by the first and second phases is different than that formed by the third and fourth phases.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to optical data storage media, and more specifically, to holographic storage media. In one embodiment, an optical storage medium composition includes a polymer matrix. Disposed within the polymer matrix is a reactant capable of undergoing a modification that alters the refractive index of the composition upon receiving an energy transfer from an excited sensitizer. A non-linear sensitizer is also disposed within the polymer matrix, and the sensitizer includes a metal-substituted subphthalocyanine (M-sub-PC) reverse saturable absorber configured to become excited upon exposure to light beyond an intensity threshold at approximately 405 nm and configured to transfer energy to the reactant.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a polymer film with the photonic crystal structure includes a mixing step for at least mixing an achiral liquid crystal (LC), a chiral dopant, a monomer and a photo initiator together to form an LC-monomer mixture, at least one exposure step for exposing the LC-monomer mixture through a mask, at least one diffusion step for diffusing the monomer from the area around one of the exposure areas to the exposure area, and a LC removing step for removing the achiral LC to form the polymer film. By implementing the diffusion step after the exposure step, the polymerization rate of the monomers is enhanced so as to increase the proportion of the polymer in the polymer film and raise the imprint rate of chirality. Therefore, the polymer film can reveal stronger photonic crystal structure and property of Bragg reflection when it is not filled with any fluid.

Abstract: The improvement of the performance of holographic glasses with recorded holograms as measured by a figure of merit of the holographic glasses is disclosed. The improvement in the figure of merit of the holographic glasses is obtained at least in part with the addition of arsenic in the formation of the holographic glasses. The presence of arsenic increases the figure of merit as measured at a wavelength of interest of a holographic glass with a recorded hologram as compared to a holographic glass with a recorded hologram that does not contain arsenic.

Abstract: A system for fabricating a radiation-cured component is provided. The system includes a radiation-sensitive material configured to at least one of initiate, polymerize, crosslink and dissociate with exposure to radiation, and at least one radiation source configured to project a radiation beam with a vector that does not intersect the radiation-sensitive material. The system further includes a radiation directing device that is selectively positionable to reflect the radiation beam in a desired direction and exposure the radiation-sensitive material to the radiation beam. A method for fabricating the radiation-cured components is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a volume phase hologram recording material having high sensitivity, high contrast, and excellent multiple recording and record holding properties and a volume phase hologram recording medium using the same. The volume phase hologram recording material comprises mainly a polymer matrix (a), a radically photopolymerizable compound (b), and a radical photopolymerization initiator (c) and the polymer matrix is a three-dimensionally crosslinked or linear polymer matrix formed from a polymer matrix-forming material containing 0.5-50 wt % of an episulfide compound (f), an epoxy compound (g), and a curing agent (h).

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and systems for production of high efficiency refractive and diffractive elements by providing a photo-sensitizer free multicomponent glass, exposing the multi component glass to pulsed laser radiation to produce refractive indexed modulation, and heating the exposed multicomponent silicate glass to produce the high efficiency refractive and diffractive elements. The pulsed laser radiation is infrared femtosecond pulses to ultraviolet nanosecond pulses which provide ionization of glass matrix. The multicomponent glass is a photosensitive glass with high transparency in ultraviolet spectral region, e.g. silicate glass which includes silver, fluorine and bromine and does not contain photosensitizers such as cerium and antimony, PTR glass, cerium free PTR glass and cerium+antimony free PTR glass.

Abstract: A composition for holographic recording medium, which can be coated in a uniform thickness and enables to simply produce a high definition holographic recording medium is provided. And a holographic medium having a low error rate, high storage capacity, high-performance, high-density, which is produced using the composition for the holographic recording medium, is also provided. The composition comprises a (meth)acrylic acid ester group-containing polymerizable substance, an alicyclic epoxy group-containing cationical polymerizable substance of which is ring-opening polymerized by heat, and a hydroxyl group-containing substance which is reactive with the alicyclic epoxy group-containing cationical polymerizable substance. The holographic recording medium is produced by forming a holographic recording layer on a substrate by applying the composition on the base material and polymerizing the alicyclic epoxy group-containing cationical polymerizable substance and the hydroxyl group-containing substance.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for altering one or more spectral, spatial, or temporal characteristics of a light-emitting device are disclosed. Generally, such apparatus may include a volume Bragg grating (VBG) element that receives input light generated by a light-emitting device, conditions one or more characteristics of the input light, and causes the light-emitting device to generate light having the one or more characteristics of the conditioned light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a volume phase hologram recording material of high sensitivity, high contrast, and excellent record retention properties and also disclosed is a volume phase hologram recording medium using the said material. The volume phase hologram recording material mainly contains a three-dimensional crosslinked polymer matrix, a radically polymerizable monomer, and a photoradical polymerization initiator. The three-dimensional crosslinked polymer matrix is formed from a matrix-forming compound having two photoradically polymerizable unsaturated groups and two non-photoradically polymerizable hydroxyl groups represented by the following general formula (1) and another matrix-forming compound having no photoradically polymerizable group.

Abstract: In a layout method of a bridging electrode, the method includes the steps of: providing a substrate; forming a transparent electro-conductive layer on the substrate and the transparent electro-conductive layer having a plurality of neighboring patterned blocks; forming an alignment film layer on the substrate and the alignment film layer having a plurality of bridging grooves of a bridging insulation unit crossing between the patterned blocks; forming an electro-conductive layer on the substrate and the electro-conductive layer having a plurality of wires respectively disposed on the bridging grooves, wherein the wires of the electro-conductive layer being formed through an optical compensation mask in conjunction with at least one of over-exposure and over-development; and forming a protection layer on the substrate to enhance optical transmission and to protect the substrate, the transparent electro-conductive layer, the alignment film layer and the electro-conductive layer.

Abstract: A three-dimensional ordered open-cellular structure. In one embodiment, the structure includes: a plurality of first truss elements defined by a plurality of first self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a first direction; a plurality of second truss elements defined by a plurality of second self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a second direction; and a plurality of third truss elements defined by a plurality of third self-propagating polymer waveguides and extending along a third direction. The first, second, and third truss elements interpenetrate each other at a plurality of nodes to form a continuous material, and the three-dimensional structure is self-supporting.

Abstract: There are provided optical data storage media and methods of optical data storage using the same. The optical data storage media comprises a non-linear sensitizer capable of absorbing actinic radiation to cause upper triplet energy transfer to a reactant that undergoes change upon triplet excitation. The refractive index change (?n) of the medium is at least about 0.005, or even at least about 0.05.

Abstract: A method of producing an image in the crystalline colloidal array is disclosed. The method includes providing an ordered array of particles received within a curable matrix composition; curing a first portion of the matrix composition, wherein the first cured portion diffracts radiation at a first wavelength; curing another portion of the matrix composition, wherein the other cured portion diffracts radiation at another wavelength; and exposing the array to radiation to exhibit an image.

Abstract: A method of forming an image having multiple phases is disclosed herein. The method includes forming exposed and unexposed areas, the exposed areas comprising a first polymer network exhibiting first and second phases that are chemically connected and have different refractive indices, the first phase being continuous, and the second phase comprising a plurality of structures dispersed within the first phase, and the unexposed areas comprising a second polymer network comprising third and fourth phases that are chemically connected and have different refractive indices, the third phase being continuous, and the fourth phase comprising a plurality of structures dispersed within the third phase. The first and second polymer networks are chemically connected, and morphology formed by the first and second phases is different than that formed by the third and fourth phases.

Abstract: An imaging element is used to provide images based on the difference in index of refraction caused by imaging actinic radiation. Imaging provides desired results by the creation or elimination of light scattering in a two-phase imaging medium in which at least one phase contains a material that is capable of having a refractive index change in response to imaging actinic radiation. For example, if the refractive indices of the two phases are initially matched, imaging can cause a mismatch in imaged regions. Alternatively, the refractive indices of the two phases can be initially mismatched and imaging can create a match of refractive indices in imaged regions. An image can be produced using a controlled amount of imaging actinic radiation without any chemical processing or heating.

Abstract: The appearance of a color print viewed under UV illumination is predicted using a target comprising color patches each printed using a known coverage of printer colorant(s). In one case, the target is illuminated using a UV light source and an electronic image of the target is captured using a digital camera or the like. In another case, a spectrophotometer is used both with and without a UV cutoff filter to measure the target. The captured image data or the spectrophotometric measurements are used to derive a UV printer characterization model that relates any arbitrary combination of printer colorants to a predicted UV color appearance value. Metameric colorant mixture pairs for visible light and UV light viewing can be determined using the UV model together with a conventional visible light printer characterization model. A visual matching task is used to determine a correction factor for the UV printer characterization model.

Abstract: A microplate for use within an interrogation system and a method of using the microplate are disclosed. The microplate contains within the bottom of each well, an optical waveguide grating based sensor. Approximate to each sensor is a mask having an aperture of predetermined size. The aperture regulates the light that enters and exits the sensor upon successive scans and ensures repeatable readings from the sensor. In an extended embodiment, a method of detection is disclosed that utilizes a launch and receive system while employing the aforementioned microplate.

Abstract: An optical component having a diffractive element and/or refractive element is provided. The optical component includes a photosensitive glass and/or a photosensitive glass ceramic and a plurality of structures influencing propagation of light in at least a part of the photosensitive glass and/or a photosensitive glass ceramic.

Abstract: A system for fabricating a radiation-cured component is provided. The system includes a radiation-sensitive material configured to at least one of initiate, polymerize, crosslink and dissociate with exposure to radiation, and at least one radiation source configured to project a radiation beam with a vector that does not intersect the radiation-sensitive material. The system further includes a radiation directing device that is selectively positionable to reflect the radiation beam in a desired direction and exposure the radiation-sensitive material to the radiation beam. A method for fabricating the radiation-cured components is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a storage medium for storing information/data, wherein the storage medium comprises a dielectric storage material, more particularly a disk-shaped storage material on which a metal ion donor medium is arranged or can be applied on at least one side thereof. Metal ions can be transferred from the donor medium into the storage medium by exposing the storage medium to radiation, more particularly to laser radiation. The invention also relates to a storage medium for storing information/data, wherein the storage medium comprises a dielectric storage material, more particularly a disk-shaped storage material having at least one local metal ion doping, wherein the metal ions can be converted into metal particles and/or metal particles agglomerations by means of radiation, more particularly laser radiation.

Abstract: A periodic structure is to be successively formed over an extensive area with a uniaxial laser beam. Such method includes irradiating a uniaxial laser beam near an ablation threshold to a surface of a material; and executing an overlapped scanning on the irradiated region, so as to cause an ablation by interference between an incident beam and a surface scattered wave along the material surface; increasing the scattered wave; causing an interference at an interval equal to a wavelength of the laser beam, to thereby cause spontaneous formation of a periodic structure. The periodic structure can be made to have a different ripple spacing by changing an incident angle of the laser beam to the material surface. When the laser incident beam has an angle, the ripple spacing can be changed by changing a scanning direction.

Abstract: A photosensitive paste is provided with which a member for a display panel having superior visibility can be manufactured with simple steps, and with the photosensitive paste including a soft magnetic powder, a glass powder, and a photosensitive organic component, in which the mass ratio of the soft magnetic powder (A) to the glass powder (B) is in the range of 20/80 to 70/30.

Abstract: An alkali-developable black photosensitive resin composition for forming a light-shielding barrier wall which comprises, as indispensable components, (A) a carboxyl group-containing photosensitive prepolymer, (B) a photopolymerization initiator, (C) a black pigment, and (D) light-transmitting fine particles. By the use of this composition, light-shielding barrier walls (11) having sufficient light-shielding properties and a height of not less than 20 ?m can be formed by photolithography, without causing undercutting during development. In a preferred embodiment, the black pigment (C) is a metal oxide, preferably iron oxide, and the fine particles (D) are inorganic fine particles having a refractive index of 1.40-1.90, preferably silica.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a disc stamper is provided. First, a substrate is provided. Next, a layer of a coatable inorganic material is coated on the substrate, wherein the coatable inorganic material is an oxide, in which the chemical element constitution is more than one element selected from the group consisting of Te, Al, Zr, and Ti. Next, a laser beam is utilized to perform direct write on the layer of the coatable inorganic material to form a relief pattern. Thereafter, a metal layer is electroplated on the relief pattern. Next, the metal layer is separated from the relief pattern. The layer of the coatable inorganic material is utilized to form the relief pattern, so that it is more compatibility to equipment apparatus and lower cost in contrast with sputtered PTM process.

Abstract: A method for compensating for critical dimension (CD) variations of pattern lines of a wafer, by the correcting the CD of the corresponding photomask. The photomask comprises a transparent substrate having two substantially opposite surfaces, a first back surface and a second front surface on which front surface an absorbing coating is provided, on which the pattern lines were formed by removing the coating at the pattern lines. The method comprises: determining CD variations across regions of a wafer exposure field relating to the photomask; and providing Shading Elements (SE) within the substrate of the photomask in regions which correlates to regions of the wafer exposure field where CD variations greater than a predetermined target value were determined, whereby the shading elements attenuate light passing through the regions, so as to compensate for the CD variations on the wafer and hence provide and improved CD tolerance wafer.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing the optical fiber having the Bragg grating includes the steps of applying heat from a heat source to a predetermined portion of the optical fiber and thus diffusing impurities existing in a core of the optical fiber into a cladding of the optical fiber, so as to adjust an effective refractive index for a guided mode in the fiber corresponding to a predetermined wavelength, exposing UV light from an optical source to a phase mask having a periodic surface relief structure, and fabricating the Bragg grating having a predetermined period in the optical fiber using diffraction and interference of the UV light due to the periodic surface relief structure of the phase mask.

Abstract: Systems and techniques involving optical coatings for semiconductor devices. An implementation includes a substantially isotropic, heterogeneous anti-reflective coating having a substantially equal thickness normal to any portion of a substrate independent of the orientation of the portion.

Abstract: An imaging element is used to provide images based on the difference in index of refraction caused by imaging actinic radiation. Imaging provides desired results by the creation or elimination of light scattering in a two-phase imaging medium in which at least one phase contains a material that is capable of having a refractive index change in response to imaging actinic radiation. For example, if the refractive indices of the two phases are initially matched, imaging can cause a mismatch in imaged regions. Alternatively, the refractive indices of the two phases can be initially mismatched and imaging can create a match of refractive indices in imaged regions. An image can be produced using a controlled amount of imaging actinic radiation without any chemical processing or heating.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fabricating three-dimensional objects. The system includes an optical imaging system providing a light source; a photosensitive medium adapted to change states upon exposure to a portion of the light source from the optical imaging system; a control system for controlling movement of the optical imaging system, wherein the optical imaging system moves continuously above the photosensitive medium. The method includes moving a maskless optical imaging system providing the light beam in a continuous sequence; presenting the light beam on a portion of the photosensitive medium; lowering a plate upon which the photosensitive medium resides; and applying a new layer of the photosensitive medium.

Abstract: A gemstone having an image formed by a manufactured color inclusion and method for making same. The gemstone is of a type that is heat sensitive and undergoes a color phase transformation upon heat treatment. The image is formed by tracing a focused laser beam along a linear trail within the interior of the gemstone so as to heat the linear trail for precipitating the color phase transformation and creating the color inclusion. The image is formed by the newly formed color inclusion.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a method for modulating refractive indices of optical fiber gratings, wherein the UV exposure on a least one assigned location of an optical fiber grating is divided into to two UV shots, and the intensities or phases of the two UV shots, which expose the location sequentially, are controlled to make the total exposure intensity of one assigned location maintained at a fixed value, whereby the interference fringes, which are created by a superposition of the two UV shots, have fixed phases and adjustable intensities, and whereby the dc index of the optical fiber grating maintains fixed and the ac index independently adjustable.

Abstract: An antireflection film that has sufficient antireflection capability and antifouling property and is improved in scratch resistance, and a process for producing an antireflection film with considerably high productivity are provided, which is an antireflection film comprising a transparent support, a hard coat layer and a low refractive index layer, in this order, wherein the hard coat layer includes a polymerized product of (A) an ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adduct of a polyfunctional acrylate monomer and (B) a polyfunctional acrylate monomer having no oxide adduct.

Abstract: In a solid state imaging device, and a method of manufacture thereof, the efficiency of the transfer of available photons to the photo-receiving elements is increased beyond that which is currently available. Enhanced anti-reflection layer configurations, and methods of manufacture thereof, are provided that allow for such increased efficiency. They are applicable to contemporary imaging devices, such as charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and CMOS image sensors (CISs). In one embodiment, a photosensitive device is formed in a semiconductor substrate. The photosensitive device includes a photosensitive region. An anti-reflection layer comprising silicon oxynitride is formed on the photosensitive region. The silicon oxynitride layer is heat treated to increase a refractive index of the silicon oxynitride layer, and to thereby decrease reflectivity of incident light at the junction of the photosensitive region.

Abstract: Thermal 3-D microstructuring of photonic structures is provided by depositing laser energy by non-linear absorption into a focal volume about each point of a substrate to be micromachined at a rate greater than the rate that it diffuses thereout to produce a point source of heat in a region of the bulk larger than the focal volume about each point that structurally alters the region of the bulk larger than the focal volume about each point, and by dragging the point source of heat thereby provided point-to-point along any linear and non-linear path to fabricate photonic structures in the bulk of the substrate. Exemplary optical waveguides and optical beamsplitters are thermally micromachined in 3-D in the bulk of a glass substrate. The total number of pulses incident to each point is controlled, either by varying the rate that the point source of heat is scanned point-to-point and/or by varying the repetition rate of the laser, to select the mode supported by the waveguide or beamsplitter to be micromachined.

Abstract: A method of producing an image in the crystalline colloidal array is disclosed. The method includes providing an ordered array of particles received within a curable matrix composition; curing a first portion of the matrix composition, wherein the first cured portion diffracts radiation at a first wavelength; curing another portion of the matrix composition, wherein the other cured portion diffracts radiation at another wavelength; and exposing the array to radiation to exhibit an image.

Abstract: A power contact as disclosed herein may include first and second conductive plates positioned parallel to each other. Each of the conductive plates may include respective first and second curved portions. The first curved portion of the first conductive plate and the second curved portion of the second conductive plate diverge in two opposite directions. Board tails extend in a common first direction from a first edge of the first conductive plate and a corresponding first edge of the second conductive plate. A contact extends from the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate in a third direction that is generally perpendicular to the common first direction and generally perpendicular to the two opposite directions.

Abstract: A production device and a production method for a grating-type optical component enabling formation of a variety types of FBGs using a single phase mask and an optical component made by the production method or production device for a grating-type optical component are provided. The method involves diffusing at least one of hydrogen or deuterium into an optical fiber and altering the refractive index of the optical fiber by irradiating the fiber with non-interfering UV lamp light.