Abstract: New Te-zwitterion compounds are provided, including photoactive tellurium salt compounds useful for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography.

Abstract: Through substrate via (TSuV) structures and method of making the same are disclosed herein. In embodiments, TSuV structures are metal filled selectively to avoid forming significant metal overburden on non-via surfaces of the substrate. In certain embodiments, post-fill metal removal/planarization operations are eliminated for reduced process complexity and manufacturing cost. In embodiments, selective metal fill entails selective electroless or electrolytic deposition. Both front side and back side selective deposition methods are described along with features of through substrate via structures made with such methods.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes (a) coating a substrate with a resist composition for negative development to form a resist film having a receding contact angle of 70 degrees or above with respect to water, wherein the resist composition for negative development contains a resin capable of increasing the polarity by the action of an acid and becomes more soluble in a positive developer and less soluble in a negative developer upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (b) exposing the resist film via an immersion medium, and (c) performing development with a negative developer.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes (a) coating a substrate with a resist composition for negative development to form a resist film, wherein the resist composition contains a resin capable of increasing the polarity by the action of the acid and becomes more soluble in a positive developer and less soluble in a negative developer upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (b) forming a protective film on the resist film with a protective film composition after forming the resist film and before exposing the resist film, (c) exposing the resist film via an immersion medium, and (d) performing development with a negative developer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the preparation of functionalized sulfated cellulose membranes. In particular, the present invention relates to the preparation of sulfated cellulose membranes under specific reaction conditions allowing to provide a sulfated cellulose membrane useful for pseudo-affinity purification. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the sulfated cellulose membrane itself as well as its use for isolation of proteinaceous compositions. Finally, the present invention provides a method for isolating whole virus, virus proteins or heparin binding molecules comprising the step of affinity purification using the sulfated cellulose membrane according to the present invention.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes (a) coating a substrate with a resist composition for negative development to form a resist film having a receding contact angle of 70 degrees or above with respect to water, wherein the resist composition for negative development contains a resin capable of increasing the polarity by the action of an acid and becomes more soluble in a positive developer and less soluble in a negative developer upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (b) exposing the resist film via an immersion medium, and (c) performing development with a negative developer.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielding film for plasma display which is excellent in electromagnetic shielding characteristics for effectively shielding electromagnetic waves, near infrared rays, stray light, external light, and the like and even when stored under a wet heat condition, is small in change of color tint and good in adhesion, with a blackening layer hardly peeled away, is provided by a transparent electromagnetic shielding film including a transparent support having thereon a conductive metal layer in a pattern-like state having an electromagnetic shielding ability and having a surface covered by a blackening layer, with the blackening layer made of an alloy of nickel and zinc in a nickel/zinc mass ratio of from 0.5 to 50.

Abstract: A flexographic printing plate is prepared from a photosensitive element having a photopolymerizable elastomeric layer with specific rheological properties. The element is imagewise exposed and thermally treated to form a relief structure suitable for flexographic printing.

Abstract: A method of processing, with a developer in which a solution physical development arises, a silver halide photosensitive material containing a compound capable of undergoing a one-electron oxidation to thereby form a one-electron oxidation product thereof which belongs to the following types 1 to 4: Type 1: the one-electron oxidation product being capable of releasing further two or more electrons accompanying a subsequent bond cleavage reaction; Type 2: the one-electron oxidation product being capable of releasing further one electron accompanying a subsequent bond cleavage reaction, and the compound having, in its molecule, two or more groups adsorptive to silver halide; Type 3: the one-electron oxidation product being capable of releasing further one or more electrons after going through a subsequent bond forming reaction; and Type 4: the one-electron oxidation product being capable of releasing further one or more electrons after going through a subsequent intramolecular ring cleavage reaction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for thermal processing a photosensitive element includes heating a composition layer on a flexible substrate to a melt temperature of an unirradiated area of the composition layer and maintaining the flexible substrate at a temperature below the melt temperature while pressing a heated absorbent layer against the heated composition layer, and repeating these steps for multiple cycles. A further embodiment of the method includes a step of cooling the flexible substrate and layer laminate on each cycle to maintain the flexible substrate at the desired temperature below that of the heated composition layer.

Abstract: A method of processing, with a developer in which a solution physical development arises, a silver halide photosensitive material containing a compound capable of undergoing a one-electron oxidation to thereby form a one-electron oxidation product thereof which belongs to the following types 1 to 4:

Abstract: A method for making a lithographic printing plate comprises the steps of imagewise exposing, to a laser beam, a PS plate comprising a substrate, a heat-sensitive layer containing at least one light-heat conversion agent and a binder polymer formed on the substrate and a hydrophilic or lipophobic layer applied onto the heat-sensitive layer; and then removing the hydrophilic or lipophobic layer on the laser-exposed area by developing the imagewise exposed printing plate within 120 seconds from the completion of the laser-exposure to thus give a lithographic printing plate, wherein the developing treatment comprises the step of rubbing the exposed printing plate surface with an abrasion means in the absence of any liquid. This method permits the production of a lithographic printing plate without causing any deterioration of the developing properties of the PS plate even when the imagewise exposed PS plate is developed within a short period of time after the completion of the laser-exposure.

Abstract: An aqueous developer for lithographic printing plates and a method for developing the printing plates are disclosed. The developer comprises an organic dispersing agent. The developer develops multi-layer printing plates quickly, with high throughput, but with no sludge formation in the developing process.

Abstract: An image forming method for developing a negative type image forming material after image exposure by an infrared laser. The negative type image forming material is provided with a photosensitive layer, which has sensitivity to an infrared laser. The negative type image forming material is developed with a weak alkaline aqueous solution having a pH in a range from 7 to 12 and containing a carbonate and a surfactant.

Abstract: On-press developing method of a lithographic printing plate precursor, the lithographic printing plate precursor comprising an image-forming layer which comprises a hydrophobizing precursor, and the method comprising fountain solution-clarifying means which comprises: aggregating a hydrophobizing precursor mingled in a fountain solution and removing the aggregated hydrophobizing precursor by filtration; or adding a coagulant to a fountain solution and filtering the fountain solution.

Abstract: A method of producing a photographic image in an imagewise exposed photographic material comprising one or more silver halide emulsion layers comprises applying to the material in an imagewise manner a developer solution containing a silver halide developing agent wherein the amount of solution applied depends on the image density to be produced, removing unreacted developing agent from the material or inactivating unreacted developing agent in the material by means other than immersion of the material in a liquid in a tank.

Abstract: In a developing processing method and apparatus in which developing processing is carried out in such a manner that a processing solution is jetted from jetting holes to an emulsion surface of a photosensitive material, a hole diameter of the jetting holes is set to be 0.5 mm to 0.9 mm. In this case, clogging of the jetting holes does not easily occur and the processing solution can be jetted from the jetting holes stably for a long period of time. Accordingly, non-uniform processing is rarely caused. Intervals between the jetting holes in the transverse direction of the photosensitive material are each in a range of 3.0 mm to 4.5 mm. The jetting holes are disposed in such a manner that jetting holes of adjacent three rows in a direction in which the photosensitive material is conveyed are located at different positions to form a staggered arrangement, and the three rows of jetting holes are formed repeatedly.

Abstract: The method for the aptitude testing of protein fractions containing factor VIII the further processing of which comprises a pasteurizing step is performed in such a way that the starting material is examined for fragments within a range of from 20 to 50 kD. Fragments of factor VIII within this range evidently cause inhibitor formations in patients pretreated with factor VIII. Batches contaminated with such fragments can also be utilized, i.e., for the preparation of a high purity virus-free factor VIII by size exclusion chromatography on hydrophilic materials.

Abstract: A novel inorganic composition for developing silver halide photographic products has improved stability in air. The composition comprises at least one oxidizable metallic ion, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and at least one additional complexing agent of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or a hydroxyalkyl group, R.sup.3 is --COOM wherein M is hydrogen or a counter-ion such as lithium, sodium or potassium, or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n, p and q are independently 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: An improved method for depositing metal particles on a marker which catalyzes the reduction of metal ions from a physical developer comprising a solution of metal ions, a molar excess of complexant in respect to the metal ions and a reducing agent. Said method being preferably employed for the detection of one or more components of an aggregate formed between a least one specific binding agent and its corresponding bindable substance by labelling at least one component of said aggregate with a marker and contacting said aggregate with a physical developer, whereby under influence of the marker a metal particle is formed which can be detected. Further the invention also relates to solutions and test-kits adapted for carrying out the above mentioned method.

Abstract: An improved method for depositing metal particles on a marker which catalyzes the reduction of metal ions from a physical developer comprising a solution of metal ions, a molar excess of complexant in respect to the metal ions and a reducing agent. Said method being preferably employed for the detection of one or more components of an aggregate formed between a least one specific binding agent and its corresponding bindable substance by labelling at least one component of said aggregate with a marker and contacting said aggregate with a physical developer, whereby under influence of the marker a metal particle is formed which can be detected. Further the invention also relates to solutions and test-kits adapted for carrying out the above mentioned method.

Abstract: A novel inorganic composition for developing silver halide photographic products has improved stability in air. The composition comprises at least one oxidizable metallic ion, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and at least one additional complexing agent of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or a hydroxyalkyl group, R.sup.3 is --COOM wherein M is hydrogen or a counter-ion such as lithium, sodium or potassium, or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n, p and q are independently 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei and developing said imaging element in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s) using an alkaline processing liquid characterized in that said development is carried out in the presence of a meso-ionic compound. The present invention further provides an imaging element and alkaline processing liquid for use in said method.

Abstract: Negative images of super-high contrast can be formed by developing an exposed silver halide photographic photosensitive material in the presence of at least one compound selected from the compound of formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, together with nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may form a ring; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 independently represent an alkylene group, an arylene group or a repeated alkyleneoxy group having at least two repeated alkyleneoxy units, which groups may be optionally substituted; A represents an atom selected from hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur or a divalent linkage group constituted from these atoms; and m and n represent 0 or 1, and the compound of formula (2) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device, including the steps of: coating an anti-reflective film over a lower layer to be patterned; coating a first photoresist film over the anti-reflective film and subjecting the first photoresist film to a light exposure process using a mask and a development process, thereby forming a first photoresist film pattern having a dimension slightly larger than a desired pattern dimension; etching an exposed portion of the anti-reflective film, thereby forming an anti-reflective film pattern; removing the first photoresist film pattern and coating a second photoresist film over the entire exposed surface of the resulting structure obtained after the removal of the first photoresist film pattern; subjecting the second photoresist film to a light exposure process using the mask and a development, thereby forming a second photoresist film pattern having the desired pattern dimension; and etching an exposed portion of the anti-reflective film pattern and then etching the low

Abstract: A safe and low cost process for forming a black matrix for a color filter, which process provides high light screening properties and is suitable for panel processing. The process comprises the steps of providing a transparent substrate having provided thereon an aqueous resin layer containing physical development nuclei; supplying a developer for physical development on the aqueous resin layer; superposing a donor sheet containing a metallic compound comprising metal ions on the aqueous resin layer via the developer for physical development; and precipitating a metal of the metallic compound in the aqueous resin layer by physical development. Furthermore, the aqueous resin layer may or may not be patterned.

Abstract: A medical X-ray film comprising a transparent base coated on at least one side with (a) a laminar grain silver halide emulsion and (b) a separate hydrophillic colloid layer containing a developing agent for silver halide in an amount corresponding to at least 0.5 moles per mole of the silver coated on that side of the base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei and developing said imaging element in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s) using an alkaline processing liquid characterized in that said development is carried out in the presence of a regulator according to one of the formulas as specified in the claims. The present invention further provides an imaging element and alkaline processing liquid for use in said method.

Abstract: A light-stable physical developer comprising a solution of silver ions, a desensitizing agent and a reducing agent. A method for the detection of one or more components of an aggregate formed between at least one specific binding agent and its corresponding bindable substance by labelling at least one component of said aggregate with a marker and contacting said aggregate with said light-stable physical developer, whereby under influence of the marker a metal particle is formed which can be detected. Further the invention also relates to products, e.g. a test-kit adapted for carrying out the above mentioned method.

Abstract: A method of locally providing metal on a surface of a substrate, in which the substrate is provided at the surface with an electrocatalythic image. The surface is then brought into contact with an electroless metal-plating solution. The electrocatalythic image is capable of binding metal to it from the metal-plating solution. Due to the fact that the image is brought into contact with the metal-plating solutin, the image is gradually strengthened with metal from the solution. With images smaller than 10 .mu.m, this strengthening is prevented, however, due to the fact that oxygen is present in the solution. Because oxygen is reduced, a reduction of metal ions in the solution cannot occur, as a result of which no metal deposition takes place on the image. According to the invention, the reduction of oxygen in the solution is counteracted at least relatively so that also in the case of images smaller than 10 .mu.m metal ions are reduced without hindrance to the metal, which is then deposited on the image.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for intensification and reflective read-out of underexposed films, radiographs, and the like are shown which include means for converting a metallic silver particle image to a highly reflective image. The film containing the highly reflective image is placed in a black-walled cavity which may contain a particle-free liquid, such as water. The image is raster scanned by a laser beam, and light reflected from the image is detected by a photomultiplier. The photomultiplier output is digitized and the digitized signal is stored for subsequent computer enhancement and display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical metallization process, particularly for the spatially selective metallization of electrically insulating surfaces. This process employs a chemically stable, radiation sensitive sensitizer layer which contains chromium complex compounds and noble metal ions.

Abstract: An image forming material comprises an image forming layer disposed on a support and comprising (a) aqueous composition comprising a hydrophilic binder layer containing metal developing nuclei or their precursor compound, and water and (b) an organic composition comprising an oil-soluble development inhibitor which is a compound having a diazo group or azide group and a water-miscible organic solvent. An image is formed by exposing the image forming layer to patternized light and then contacting it with a developer containing reducible metal ions and a reducing agent thereby to form an image constituted by metal particles grown at the light-exposed parts.

Abstract: A photographic material comprises acid esters of cellulose or copolymers of acid esters of cellulose and synthetic comonomers.The invention may be used in the photographic industry for producing line and half-tone images on paper, films and cloth. Moreover, the proposed photographic material may be used for direct recording of ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: A radiographic image forming process comprising imagewise exposing a negative type silver halide light-sensitive photographic material in combination with a fluorescent intensifying screen to radiation and then treating said material with a processing solution, said material comprising a support and constituent layers coated on both sides of said support, said layers containing(a) light sensitive silver halide particles,(b) metallic salt particles which are not light-sensitive and, when untreated, are more soluble in said processing solution than said silver halide particles, said metallic salt particles having been treated so that the surface thereof has been rendered less soluble than said silver halide by a dissolution retarder,(c) physical development nuclei, and(d) compounds selected from water soluble dyes having absorption maxima in an aqueous solution of from 400 to 600 nm or compounds selected from said water soluble dyes coupled to a non-diffusive mordant, andsaid processing solution containing at l

Abstract: An image-forming method wherein a photosensitive material comprising a support having a photosensitive copper (I) halide emulsion that contains silver halide and which has grains of copper (I) halide crystal dispersed in a binder is subjected to imagewise exposure and development with an alkaline solution is disclosed. The imagewise exposure is effected either in a dry or wet state. The alkaline solution contains compounds selected from at least two of the following three groups: (A) a group consisting of .alpha.-amino acids, .alpha.

Abstract: Producing metal images or patterns on and/or below the surface of a substrate material comprising a semiconducting light-sensitive compound, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide which after exposure of a metal compound releases this metal in the form of nuclei. Exposure takes place in the solution of the metal compound by means of a moving beam of laser light whereby the nuclei pattern is directly "written". Thereafter, the nuclei image is intensified in known manner to produce a visible image or a conductive pattern, for example by means of an electroless plating solution. Use: the recording of information as well as the production of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: In an electrically activatable recording element, such as one comprising an electrically conductive support having thereon, in sequence: (a) a polymeric electrically active conductive (EAC) layer, (b) an electrically activatable recording layer comprising (A) a dye-forming coupler, and (B) an oxidation-reduction combination comprising (i) an organic silver salt oxidizing agent consisting essentially of a silver salt of a 1,2,4-mercaptotriazole derivative, with (ii) a reducing agent which, in its oxidized form, forms a dye with the dye-forming coupler, (c) a photoconductive layer separated from (b) by an air gap of up to 20 microns, and (d) an electrically conductive layer; improvements are provided by means of a polymeric EAC layer (a) consisting essentially of a vinyl addition polymer, such as poly(methyl acrylate-co-vinylidene chloride). The recording element is room light handleable and provides a dye image and silver image by dry development processing.

Abstract: In an electrically activatable recording element, such as one comprising an electrically conductive support having thereon, in sequence: (a) a polymeric electrically active conductive (EAC) layer, (b) an electrically activatable recording layer comprising (A) a dye-forming coupler, and (B) an oxidation-reduction combination comprising (i) an organic silver salt oxidizing agent, such as a silver salt of a 1,2,4-mercaptotriazole derivative, with (ii) a reducing agent which, in its oxidized form, forms a dye with the dye-forming coupler, (c) a photoconductive layer separated from (b) by an air gap of up to 20 microns, and (d) an electrically conductive layer; improvements are provided by means of a polymeric EAC layer (a) comprising a halogen containing polyester, such as poly(2,2'-oxydiethylene:2,2'-dimethyl 1,3-propylene 50:50-2,5-dibromoterephthalate) and poly(ethylene:2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene 50:50-2,5-dibromoterephthalate).

Abstract: An image forming material comprising a support having thereon a layer composed of a Ge-S composition or a Ge-S-X composition wherein X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Mg, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Sn, Zn, Pd, In, Se, Te, Fe, I, P and O which undergoes a structural change capable of being detected optically, electrically or chemically upon exposure imagewise to light wherein the Ge-S or Ge-S-X composition layer has a thickness of at least about 300 A and contains therein at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu and Pb in an amount of more than 2 atoms of Ag, Cu and/or Pb based on 100 atoms of the Ge-S composition or the Ge-S-X composition.

Abstract: A mask for selectively transmitting therethrough a desired light radiant energy is disclosed. The mask comprises a stress-relieved, essentially dimensionally stable base, comprising a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, which is capable of transmitting therethrough the light radiant energy. A blocking film is deposited on at least a portion of the base for blocking the transmission of the light radiant energy through the portion of the base.

Abstract: Nonpolar, organic solvent-soluble tellurium compounds and complexes are disclosed. The compounds are tellurium(II) compounds and are represented by the formula:Te----CH.sub.2).sub.n SiRR'R"].sub.2wherein:n is an integer from 1 to 10 andR, R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and neterocyclic radicals. Photosensitive complexes of these compounds with transition metals, as well as photographic elements having layers comprising these complexes, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Tellurium images are formed by the decomposition of tellurium (II) coordination complexes in the presence of a catalyst. The complexes are characterized in that at least one of the four coordination positions of the tellurium (II) is occupied by a sulfur containing ligand. Preferred ligands that can be coordinated with tellurium are sulfur containing bidentate anionic ligands. Complexes formed using these preferred ligands are more hydrolytically stable than other tellurium (II) complexes having sulfur containing ligands and yet are still capable of providing catalytic amplification.

Abstract: A photographic process comprising exposing imagewise a photosensitive layer containing a divalent tin basic salt to actinic rays to form a pattern consisting of non-reducing exposed areas and reducing non-exposed areas and contacting the exposed photo-sensitive layer with a developer capable of forming or erasing color by reduction to thereby form a visible image corresponding to said non-exposed areas or said exposed areas.

Abstract: A method of making an electrically conducting metal pattern on a superficially non-conducting support which comprises imagewise exposing to light a photosensitive material containing either a diazosulfide or a diazosulfonate, which produces a light reaction product which is capable of forming free silver and mercury metal from water-soluble silver and mercurous compounds. A mixture of water and at least one solvent from the group consisting of chloroform, toluene, ethylacetate, liquid alcohols and ketones is used in the treatment of the exposed photosensitive material to form a latent image.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing an ultrasonographic image using an element containing a catalyst and a diffusion barrier. When the element is placed into contact with a solution containing a catalyst poison and ultrasound is imagewise applied, the catalyst is selectively poisoned in ultrasonically exposed areas. Thereafter the unpoisoned catalyst remaining is employed to form a viewable image. The catalyst can be electrically biased to avoid poisoning during extended contact with the catalyst poisoning solution in the absence of ultrasound. In one form the catalyst can be generated using a photographic silver halide emulsion.

Abstract: A method for depositing a metal on a surface is disclosed. The method comprises treating the surface with a sensitizing solution comprising at least a reducible salt of a non-noble metal and a radiation-sensitive reducing agent for the salt to form a sensitized surface. The sensitized surface is exposed to a source of light radiation to reduce the metal salt to a reduced metal salt species. Either or both of the preceding sensitizing or radiation exposing steps is restricted to a selected pattern on the surface to form a catalytic real image capable of directly catalyzing the deposition of a metal thereon from an electroless metal deposition solution. The catalytic real image is treated with a stabilizer comprising (a) a reducing agent for the non-noble metal ions of said reducible salt, (b) a complexing agent and (c) an accelerator to at least stabilize the catalytic real image.