Abstract: A post-exposure treatment method of a silver halide emulsion layer in the manufacture of a hologram, a hologram manufacturing using the post-exposure treatment method, and a holographic optical element including the hologram are provided. The post-exposure treatment method of a silver halide emulsion layer involves: pre-hardening the silver halide emulsion layer after exposure; developing the pre-hardened silver halide emulsion layer using a developer solution; bleaching the developed silver halide emulsion layer; hardening the bleached silver halide emulsion layer; drying the hardened silver halide emulsion layer; surface-hardening the dried silver halide emulsion layer; fixing the hardened silver halide emulsion layer; treating the fixed silver halide emulsion layer using warm water; and drying the silver halide emulsion layer which has been treated using warm water.

Abstract: A method of processing material in which the material is held on the outside periphery of a drum and processing solution is applied at least twice to the sensitized surface of the material as the drum rotates. The total volume of solution applied is less than 300 ml/sqm of material being processed.

Abstract: This relates to a method of rendering a used photographic processing solution less corrosive to low carbon steel comprising:

Abstract: A method for preparing a kit part of a bleach-fixing solution or a kit of a bleaching solution for use in silver halide color photographic materials is disclosed, comprising (a) adding a [S,S]-alkylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid or its salt into a mixing tank to form a solution, and then, (b) adding thereto at least one iron(III) salt selected from the group consisting of iron(III) nitrate, iron(III) chloride, iron(III) bromide, (M1)3Fe(III) (SO4)3 and M1Fe(III) (SO4)2.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic material in which a fixed volume of processing solution is added to the surface of the material and spread repeatedly over the length of material. The processing solution is added to the material in at least two stages.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic material in which a fixed volume of processing solution is added to the surface of the material and spread repeatedly over the length of material. The processing solution is added to the material in at least two stages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to imaging elements, including photographic elements and recording media, having a protective overcoat that resists fingerprints, common stains, and spills. More particularly, the present invention provides a processing-solution-permeable protective overcoat that is water resistant in the final processed product. The overcoat, before formation of the image, comprises hydrophobic polymeric particles in a gelatin matrix. Subsequent treatment of the overcoat, after formation of the image, to remove the gelatin, causes coalescence of the hydrophobic particles, resulting in the formation of a water-resistant continuous protective overcoat.

Abstract: Low silver black-and-white photographic elements, such as radiographic films, can be processed quickly using a two-stage process in which black-and-white development is carried out in the first stage for up to 30 seconds, and such development continues along with fixing in the second stage for up to 60 seconds when a fixing composition is added. Both stages are carried out in the same processing container.

Abstract: Low silver black-and-white photographic silver halide elements, such as radiographic films, can be processed quickly using a developing/fixing monobath composition that includes an ascorbic acid developing agent, sulfite ions and a photographic fixing agent that has both a thiol group and an amino group (such as cysteine).

Abstract: Black-and-white elements, such as radiographic films, can be processed in roomlight using a developing/fixing monobath composition that also includes a particulate opacifying agent, such as carbon black, that provides safelight conditions in the processing composition. The processing method is carried out quickly, that is within 120 seconds.

Abstract: Black-and-white elements, such as radiographic films, can be processed in roomlight because the developing composition includes a particulate opacifying agent, such as carbon black. Processing is carried out by processing the exposed element using a two-stage process in the same processing container. In the first stage, development is initiated with an opaque developing composition having a pH of from about 10 to about 12.5, and comprising an appropriate black-and-white developing agent in a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 mol/l, opacifying agent, and a sulfite at from about 0.1 to about 0.7 mol/l. After an appropriate time, a fixing agent (other than a sulfite) is introduced into the processing container to begin simultaneous development and fixing. The entire process in quite rapid, that is less than 90 seconds.

Abstract: An image forming method using a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed The image forming method comprises the steps of (1) imagewise exposing to light a silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon a photographic layer including a yellow image forming silver halide emulsion layer, a magenta image forming silver halide emulsion layer and a cyan image forming silver halide emulsion layer, and (2) developing the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material with an amplifying development, in which silver halide grains contained each of the color forming layers have a silver chloride content of not less than 80 mole-%, and the number of silver halide grains per unit area in the magenta silver halide emulsion layer is larger than that in the yellow image forming silver halide emulsion layer and that in the cyan image forming silver halide emulsion layer, and the number of silver halide grains per unit area in the magenta image forming silver halide emulsio

Abstract: A redox amplification process with minimal steps includes processing a silver halide with an amplifier/bleach/fix solution that includes a redox oxidant capable of bleaching a silver image and a fixing agent that does not react with the redox oxidant.

Abstract: Certain organic carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds are useful catalysts for hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents in photographic processing methods. These compounds are oxidizable by hydrogen peroxide and reducible by silver metal at a pH of from 1 to 7, and have a chemically reversible redox couple of from about -0.20 to about +1.0 volts at the same pH. The hydrogen peroxide bleaching ability is enhanced by the presence of these compounds which can be used in the bleaching solution itself, or in a prebath solution. The combination of the organic compound with a transition metal ion co-catalyst provides a synergistic effect in bleaching acceleration.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a color developing process is disclosed. The color developing process comprisesthe first step of supplying one of a first color developing partial solution containing a color developing agent as a principal component and a second color developing partial solution containing an alkaline agent as a principal component, substantially only to an image-forming surface of the light-sensitive material,the second step of supplying one of the first partial solution and the second partial solution other than that supplied at the first step or a color developing solution containing a color developing agent and an alkaline agent, to the image-forming surface of the light-sensitive material at the same time or just after the first step.

Abstract: A process for the formation of a color image which comprises the steps of: exposing to light a silver halide light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive emulsion layer, and developing said light-sensitive material to form a color image, wherein said light-sensitive material comprises at least one dye-forming coupler and at least one coloring reducing agent represented by formula (I) and is intensified with a solution containing hydrogen peroxide or a compound releasing hydrogen peroxide to form an intensified image:R.sup.11 --NH--NH--X--R.sup.12 (I)wherein R.sup.11 represents an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; R.sup.12 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group; and X represents --SO.sub.2 --, --CO--, --COCO--, --CO--O--, --CO--N(R.sup.13)--, --COCO--O--, --COCO--N(R.sup.13)--, or --SO.sub.2 --N(R.sup.13)--, in which R.sup.

Abstract: A method used for processing a silver halide photographic light sensitive material including steps of developing and treating with a solution having bleaching capability. The solution having bleaching capability comprises a ferric complex salt of a compound represented by the following formula A: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 are independently a --CH.sub.2 OH group, a --PO.sub.3 M.sub.2 group or a --COOM group, which may be the same or different; M is a cation: and X is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a --(B.sub.1 O).sub.n --B.sub.2 -- group, in which is an integer of 1 to 8, B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are independently an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different. The solution can be used as a bleaching solution or bleach-fixing solution for color photographic material. The solution may further be used as a reducing solution for reducing an image formed on a photographic light-sensitive material.

Abstract: A photographic material is processed by fixing during or after development, followed by redox amplification while monitoring image formation and adjusting to treatment time or composition of the redox amplifying solution, to obtain desired results.

Abstract: A novel process and processing composition for processing a silver halide photographic material is disclosed. The processing composition is an aqueous solution of a ferric (III) complex salt of an ?S,S! optical isomer of a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aromatic group or a hydroxyl group; W represents a divalent linking group containing carbon atoms; and M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3 and M.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom or a cation. The processing composition is useful for bleaching a silver halide color photographic material. A process for processing a silver halide color photographic material is further disclosed, employing the above described process composition containing a ferric (III) complex salt of the compound of formula (I) as a bleaching agent.

Abstract: An aqueous redox amplifier solution having a pH in the range 10.0 to 13.5 comprises:a color developing agent and/or auxiliary developing agent,hydrogen peroxide or a compound that provides hydrogen peroxide in a concentration equivalent to 0.1 to 50.0 ml/l of 30% w/w solution, anda borate or other complexing compound capable of reversibly forming a complex with hydrogen peroxide, the complexing compound being in a concentration of from 1.0 to 100.0 g/l, andwherein the relative amounts of complexing compound and hydrogen peroxide are such as to provide an amount of hydrogen peroxide effective for redox amplification and buffer the hydrogen peroxide and thereby reduce the decline in the rate of redox amplification. This solution is useful for processing color photographic elements.

Abstract: A solution for bleaching or bleach-fixing an exposed and developed silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material contains a ferric complex salt of a compound represented by the following Formula (A-I), (A-II) or (A-III), and a compound represented by the following Formula (B): ##STR1##

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic material by processing with a color developing solution an imagewise exposed silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and immediately thereafter processing said photographic material with a bleach-fixing solution, wherein said bleach-fixing solution contains an imidazole compound represented by the following formula (.alpha.) and the replenishment rate of said bleach-fixing solution is 200 ml or less per m.sup.2 of the photographic material: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group.

Abstract: A method for forming a color image of a color negative photographic material which comprises subjecting a color negative photographic material to a color development processing, said color negative photographic material comprising a support having provided thereon at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, having a specific photographic sensitivity of 100 or more and having each of the gradients .gamma..sub.AR, .gamma..sub.AG and .gamma..sub.AB of 0.5 to 0.9 after standard color development processing within the range of from 3 minutes to 4 minutes of the color development time, said gradients .gamma..sub.AR, .gamma..sub.AG and .gamma..sub.AB each being a gradient of the red-sensitive, green-sensitive and blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, respectively, obtained after conducting the standard color development processing, wherein each of the gradients .gamma..sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stabilizer for silver halide color photographic light-sensitive materials comprising-at least one compound represented by Formula (I) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of Formula (II-A), Formula (II-B) and Formula (II-C); ##STR1## wherein Z represents a group of atoms necessary to form a substituted or unsubstituted homocycle or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle, X represents an aldehyde group, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents a lower alkyl group; 1 represents an integer of 1 to 4, ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 each represent an alkyleneoxy group or a branched alkyleneoxy group, m and n each represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 100, provided that m+n.ltoreq.100 is satisfied, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a halogen atom or a hydroxyalkyl group.

Abstract: A fixing solution having a pH.gtoreq.7 and comprising a fixing amount of sulfite and a fix accelerating amount of a thioether compound; wherein the fixing solution contains less than 0.05 moles/liter of thiosulfate and a method of processing an imagewise exposed and developed silver halide photographic element comprising fixing in said fixing solution a silver halide photographic element containing at least one emulsion or deposit of silver halide comprising greater than 90 mole % silver chloride.

Abstract: A method and chemical composition for bleaching or bleach fixing exposed and developed silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using a ferric complex salt of a compound represented by the following Formula I, II, III, IV, V, VI or VII: ##STR1##(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)N--X.sub.1 --(Z--X.sub.2).sub.n --N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)(III)(R.sub.1)HN--X.sub.1 --(Z--X.sub.2).sub.n --NH(R.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for processing a silver halide photographic light sensitive material comprising the steps ofdeveloping the light sensitive material with a developing solution,treating the light sensitive material with a fixing capacity-having solution, and thentreating the light sensitive material with a processing solution (S), wherein part of or the whole of overflow from a tank containing the processing solution (S) is allowed to flow into a tank containing the fixing capability-having solution, and wherein solid processing chemicals are added to the fixing capacity-having solution or the overflow from the tank containing the processing solution (S).

Abstract: The invention provides a bleach fix agent comprising a dilute solution of an alkaline metal or ammonium thiosulphite or a mixture thereof and iron (III) EDTA together with a soluble sulphite. The invention is characterized in that the soluble sulphite is present in an excess of the amount required for stabilization whereby the sulphite can be sacrificially destroyed by oxidizing agents in use thereby to neutralize the oxidizing effects upon the thiosulphate. The invention is particularly suitable for "RX" processes and results in the possibility of eliminating the stop-bath without allowing staining of the photographic material to occur.

Abstract: A process for bleaching or bleach-fixing an imagewise exposed silver halide photographic material is provided, comprising developing in a color developing solution and bleaching or bleach-fixing in a processing composition having a bleaching capacity containing as a bleaching agent a metal chelate compound of a chelate-forming compound or salt thereof and a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Fe(III), Mn(III), Co(III), Rh(II), Rh(III), Au(II), Au(III) and Ce(IV), the chelate-forming compound or salt thereof is represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 each represents a carboxyl group, a phosphono group, a sulfo group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkylthio group, an amidino group, a guanidino group or a carbamoyl group; L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.

Abstract: A solid composition for bleaching an exposed and developed silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material and processing method thereof. The composition contains at least one kind of ferric complex salt and is in the form of a tablet having a bulk density of 1.0 to 2.5 g/cm.sup.3. The composition provides excellent solubility and preservability.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for processing a silver halide light-sensitive material in which processing can be carried out while maintaining and controlling the processing performance of a bleach-fixing solution. This results in making it possible to reduce the amount of the bleach-fixing solution used. The method comprises subjecting an image-wise exposed silver halide light-sensitive material to bleach-fixing processing in a bleach-fixing solution after a color development processing, wherein a bath containing the bleach-fixing solution is divided into plural parts by at least one anion exchange membrane wherein an anode and a cathode are disposed in different parts so that electrification can be carried out between the anode part and the cathode part.

Abstract: Graft polysaccharides comprising a polymer backbone consisting essentially of a polydextrose having an average-weight molecular mass of less than 10,000 and grafts grafted thereon derived from a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. The graft polysaccharides are useful as sequestering agents for alkaline-earth metal ions.

Abstract: A method of processing a photographic element having a layer comprising a silver halide emulsion sensitized with a cyanine dye where the dye is present in the processing solution at a concentration sufficient to cause formation of solid dye particles. The method comprises contacting the element with at least one processing solution in the presence of an effective amount of a dye solubilizing compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## halogen, hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, and sulfo,R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl, with the proviso that the dye solubilizing compound comprises at least four solubilizing groups as substituents on R.sub.5 's or R.sub.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material and a bleach-fixer applicable in the method are disclosed. The method comprises a step for developing the light-sensitive material with a color developer, and a step for bleach-fixing the developed light-sensitive material with a bleach-fixer. The light-sensitive material contains at least one silver halide emulsion layer comprising silver halide grains having a silver chloride content of not less than 80 mol %; the bleach-fixer contains a ferric organic acid complex in an amount of not less than 0.2 mol per liter and silver halide fixing agent in an amount of not less than 0.7 mol per liter; and the step for treating with the bleach-fixer is performed for a time of not more than 30 seconds. Bleach-fixing process can be performed stably and rapidly without formation of reticulation and staining on edge portion of the light-sensitive.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide photosensitive material is continuously processed through an automatic processor by passing the photosensitive material through a developing tank filled with a developer and then through a fixing tank filled with a fixer while supplying developer and fixer replenishers to the developing and fixing tanks in amounts corresponding to the processing quantity. The replenisher amount can be reduced by adding a chelating agent to the developer and its replenisher. Kits containing developer and fixer replenisher concentrates become empty at the same timing if the ratio of the volumes of developer and fixer replenishers prepared from their kits by diluting developer and fixer concentrates in the kits with water is substantially equal to the ratio of the amounts of developer and fixer replenishers supplied to the tanks.

Abstract: A method for processing silver halide color photographic materials is disclosed, comprising:(1) color-developing an imagewise exposing silver halide color photographic material with a primary aromatic amine based color developing agent, and then(2) desilvering said photographic material by a process comprising the following steps conducted in sequence:(a) treating in a bleaching bath,(b) treating in a bleach-fixing bath, and(c) treating in a fixing bath,wherein said bleaching bath is a bath of a bleaching solution having a pH of not more than 5.0 which contains an aminopolycarboxylic acid ferric complex salt having a redox potential of at least 150 mV, said fixing bath is a bath of a fixing solution having a pH of at least 6.

Abstract: A process for forming a color image wherein a color photographic material is developed with a processing solution containing a solvent for the silver halide in the presence of an aromatic primary amino color devloping agent. The color photographic material comprises, on a support, at least one layer containing (1) a coupler capable of forming a dye by reaction with an oxidized aromatic primary amino color developing agent and having a dye covering power of at least 0.75 and (2) a silver chlorobromide emulsion or silver chlorobromide emulsion containing at least 90 molar % of silver chloride.

Abstract: A processing method without washing gives good photographic properties, without a precipitate being deposited in the stabilizing bath, when the bleach-fixing bath contains a compound of the formulaFe(X).sub.2 DTPA,whereinX denotes alkali or ammonium,as bleaching agent, and the stabilizing bath contains a fungicide, HEDP and a hexametaphosphate.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic material by the steps of (a) developing an imagewise exposed silver halide color photographic material with a color developing solution substantially free from sulfite ions; and (b) immediately contacting the developed silver halide color photographic material with a bleach-fixing solution containing at least one of (i) from 1.times.10.sup.-2 mol to 2 mol of bromide ions and (ii) from 5.times.10.sup.-4 mol to 5.times.10.sup.-2 mol of iodide ions per liter.In accordance with the method of the invention, silver removal is fully accomplished and the formation of leuco dye is prevented even in rapid processing. Further, the formation of color stain is also prevented.

Abstract: A method for forming an intensified color image by subjecting a silver halide color photographic material exposed imagewise to light, to color-development processing that uses a monobath development-intensifying solution containing hydrogen peroxide or a compound that releases hydrogen peroixide and a color-developing agent is disclosed. According to the color-intensifying method silver-saving can be attained using a greatly reduced amount of a processing solution.

Abstract: In a process for the processing of color photographic silver halide material which has been exposed to form an image by development, bleachfixing, washing or stabilization and drying, the aqueous developer solution being free from benzyl alcohol, the pH value of the bleachfixing solution, which contains an iron(III) complex salt, being below 7 and the bleachfixing solution containing a compound corresponding to general formula (I) ##STR1## in which Z represents the atoms required to complete an optionally further substituted heterocyclic ring andR.sup.1 represents hydrogen or an alkali atom,and a coupler containing an activated methylene group, in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl and reacts with the oxidation product of the color developer to form colorless reaction products, bleaching can be carried out free from residual silver with a low regeneration level of the bleachfixing bath without any water-insoluble precipitates being formed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a processing method of a light-sensitive silver halide color photographic material comprising, in a method of processing a light-sensitive silver halide color photographic material with a bleach-fixing solution after color developing, and successively with a stabilizing solution substituted for water washing, said bleach-fixing solution contains as main components an organic acid ferric complex salt with which a molecular weight of a free acid being not more than 280, a thiosulfate and a sulfite, and a processing time by said stabilizing solution substituted for water washing is 2 minutes or shorter.

Abstract: A method for the processing of photographic elements includes a bleach-fixing step utilizing a bleach-fixing composition comprising an aqueous alkaline solution of a peroxy compound and an ammonium or amine salt of a weak acid.

Abstract: Fast acting and ecologically advantageous compositions for the bleach-fixing of photographic elements are comprised of an aqueous alkaline solution of a peroxy compound and an ammonium or amine salt of a weak acid.

Abstract: A method for forming an image in a silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising developing an imagewise exposed silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material and then bleach fixing the silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material in a bleach fixing bath, the silver halide photographic color light sensitive material comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer containing a yellow coupler, a silver halide emulsion layer containing a magenta coupler and a silver halide emulsion layer containing a cyan layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer containing the magneta coupler contains at least one kind of pyrazoloazole type coupler represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.

Abstract: An image-forming process is disclosed, which comprises exposing a silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having provided thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing tabular silver halide grains having a diameter-to-thickness ratio of 5 or more, subjecting the exposed photographic material to color development processing, then processing the photographic material in a bath mainly having a bleaching ability and successively in a bath having a bleach-fixing ability.

Abstract: Photographic film units and processes are disclosed which provide a negative image, wherein exposed silver is developed to high covering power silver and unexposed silver halide is reduced to low covering power silver.

Abstract: A bleach-fix sheet for use in color photographic processes comprises a support having thereon a bleach-fix layer and a water reservoir layer comprising a water-supplying polymer. In a preferred embodiment, the bleach-fix sheet is useful to bleach and fix a retained image in a color image diffusion transfer process.

Abstract: An image-forming method is disclosed. The method includes providing a silver halide color photographic material and imagewise exposing that material. The exposed material is color developed in the presence of a compound capable of reacting with or adsorbing a silver halide. The material is developed within a mono-bath intensifying developing solution which includes hydrogen peroxide or a compound capable of releasing hydrogen peroxide and a color developing agent. The solution substantially excludes the presence of bromide ions and iodide ions. The compound capable of reacting with or being absorbed into silver halide is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound which has been found to be very useful in the image-forming method to obtain high color density with materials containing a small amount of silver halide.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide bleach compositions which are more active than existing bleach compositions and free from environmental and commercial objections thereto comprise as bleaching agent a ferric complex of an alkyliminodiacetic acid the alkyl group of which may be substituted. The bleach solutions may further comprise a silver halide solvent thus rendering them bleach-fix solutions.