Abstract: The ultraviolet shielding compound is highly transparent in the visible light spectrum and shields approximately 100% of ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation. The ultraviolet shielding compound is formed from polyvinyl alcohol (PYA) doped with phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40). Preferably, the ratio of phosphotungstic acid to polyvinyl alcohol is 1. The ultraviolet shielding compound may be formed by first making a polymeric solution of polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in deionized water. Next, phosphotungstic acid is dissolved in deionized water to form an acidic solution. The acidic solution is added to the polymeric solution to form a mixture. The mixture is then thickened and cast. The cast mixture may then be dried to produce the ultraviolet shielding compound in the form of a flexible film.

Abstract: A system and method for coding an intermediate film element, e.g., an interpositive or an internegative, in an effective manner while maintaining the integrity of the film element. A first coat of a stabilizer is applied to frames of a selected scene. A second coat of stabilizer is applied, and a third coat of stabilizer is thereafter applied. A security code according to the present invention may be applied to specifically selected locations on a reel or footage so as to create a unique code which is traceable to, e.g., a specific laboratory.

Abstract: Imaging compositions and methods of using the compositions are disclosed. The imaging compositions are sensitive to low levels of energy such that upon application of the low levels of energy the compositions change color or shade. The compositions may be applied to a work piece to mark it and removed from the work piece by peeling.

Abstract: Imaging compositions and methods of using the compositions are disclosed. The imaging compositions are sensitive to low levels of energy such that upon application of the low levels of energy the compositions change color or shade. The compositions may be applied to a work piece to mark it and removed from the work piece by peeling.

Abstract: A silver halide industrial radiographic material comprising on at least one side of a support a hydrophilic gelatinous non-spectrally sensitized radiation-sensitive emulsion layer, having grains, coated in a total amount in the range from 6 to 20 g, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate per square meter, and at least one non-radiation sensitive protective gelatinous antistress overcoat layer thereupon, wherein a ratio of gelatin to silver, expressed as silver nitrate in the said layer arrangement is at least 0.70, wherein said gelatinous layers are hardened by a gelatin cross-linking agent in an amount in order to have a dissolving time of at least 40 minutes, said time being defined as the period of time from the moment when the silver halide photographic material, dipped into 50 ml of an aqueous solution of 1.5% by weight of sodium hydroxide at 50° C.

Abstract: Scratch-resistant nanocomposite materials contain at least one film-forming hydrophilic colloid and at least one ceramic nanoparticle material. In particular, the film-forming hydrophilic colloid may be a gelatin, and the ceramic nanoparticle material may be alumina. In another aspect, the invention relates to scratch-resistant imaging elements comprising a support and a layer comprising such a nanocomposite material. The nanocomposite layer may be employed as an imaging layer, or as a protective layer disposed between an imagining layer and the environment.

Abstract: A silver halide industrial radiographic material comprising on at least one side of a support a hydrophilic gelatinous non-spectrally sensitized radiation-sensitive emulsion layer, having grains, coated in a total amount in the range from 6 to 20 g, expressed as an equivalent amount of silver nitrate per square meter, and at least one non-radiation sensitive protective gelatinous antistress overcoat layer thereupon, wherein a ratio of gelatin to silver, expressed as silver nitrate in the said layer arrangement is at least 0.70, wherein said gelatinous layers are hardened by a gelatin cross-linking agent in an amount in order to have a dissolving time of at least 40 minutes, said time being defined as the period of time from the moment when the silver halide photographic material, dipped into 50 ml of an aqueous solution of 1.5% by weight of sodium hydroxide at 50 °C.

Abstract: A process for the post-exposure amplification of resist structures uses amplification of resist structures of fluorinated resist polymers by structural growth of the structures by targeted chemical bonding of fluorinated oligomers. In the first step, a fluorine-containing resist is applied to a substrate. After exposure and development of the resist, bonding of an amplification agent chemically amplifies the resist structures. A fluorine-containing amplification agent is preferably used to achieve an improved reaction between polymer and amplification agent due to the improved miscibility of the molecular chains.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-water-consumption method for processing an exposed color reversal photographic film. This method comprises the circulation of this exposed film in: i) a black and white development bath, ii) a first washing bath, iii) a reversal bath comprising at least a buffer agent liable to pass through a nanofiltration membrane and, in addition, the collection of waters leaving the said reversal bath, the circulation of these waters through a nanofiltration device to produce a permeate that is recycled in the said first washing bath, a water volume at least equivalent to that supplied by the said permeate being rejected via the overflow and the said buffer agent being chosen so as to keep the pH in the first washing bath between 5 and 7.

Abstract: An asymmetric radiographic silver halide film has two cubic grain silver halide emulsion layers on the frontside and a tabular grain silver halide emulsion layer on the backside. The cubic grain silver halide emulsion layer closer to the support also includes a crossover control agent to reduce crossover to the backside to less than 10% and is thinner than the outermost cubic grain silver halide emulsion layer. The backside of the support also includes an antihalation layer. These films are useful for imaging soft tissue as in mammography.

Abstract: A radiographic silver halide film has improved processability because it includes a silver halide emulsion composed of cubic grains having a critical molar ratio of chloride, iodide, and bromide. In particular, the cubic grains comprise from about 1 to about 20 mol % of chloride and from about 0.25 to about 1.5 mol % of iodide, with the remainder being bromide. The cubic grains also have an ECD of from about 0.65 to about 0.8 &mgr;m. This film is particularly useful in mammography for imaging dense soft tissue.

Abstract: An radiographic imaging system for making a radiograph by a radiography apparatus using a photographic combination of a silver halide photographic light sensitive material in combination with intensifying screens, the photographic material comprising a support having a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on each both sides of the support, wherein the radiography apparatus conducts making a radiograph under the condition that a distance between a focal point of an X-ray tube and the photographic material is 0.9 to 3.0 m, a distance between the focal point of the X-ray tube and an object and the photographic combination is 0.3 to 1.5 m.

Abstract: Radiographic films containing cubic grain, high silver chloride emulsions can be used in radiographic imaging assemblies comprising intensifying screens for therapy portal localization imaging. The average silver halide grain size is from about 0.1 to about 0.18 &mgr;m and the silver halide is free of silver halide dopant compounds. These films provide excellent contrast with improved exposure latitude (at least 4:1 when measured at a gamma value of 1.5) for use in various exposure conditions and equipment.

Abstract: A photographic film with a polymeric acid-reacting neutralizing layer comprising a half ester of isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer is provided herein. This polymeric acid-reacting neutralizing layer is used to attenuate a photographic film's development process, which is effective under alkali conditions, by lowering the pH of the alkaline processing composition.

Abstract: A method of providing an image in an imagewise exposed photographic silver halide material comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer, which method comprises developing the silver halide and fixing the remaining silver halide by contacting it with a molten composition comprising a silver halide complexing agent which is present in sufficient amount to render the silver halide substantially clear. The photographic silver halide material may comprise at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support wherein the material also comprises a layer of a composition comprising a silver halide complexing agent which is liquefiable by heat and which, when molten, is in reactive association with the silver halide. The image formed may be scanned to produce an electronic rendition of the image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing an exposed color reversal photographic film. This method comprises the step of circulating the exposed film in a fixing bath, in and then a final washing zone comprises at least one washing bath. Each washing bath of this zone comprising a buffer prepared from a weak acid and its conjugated base, with a conjugated base concentration more than 1 g/l, said buffer being chosen to maintain the pH between 4.5 and 6. The method comprises then the step of collecting the contents of the washing baths of this zone and the passage of said contents through a nanofiltration device comprising a membrane, whose cut-off threshold is more than the molar mass of the weak acid and the conjugated base making up the buffer, to give a permeate that is recycled in the final washing zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a material and a method for treating of photographic effluents in order to eliminate micro-organisms and pollutant by-products so as to control bacterial growth and thereby obtain effluents that comply with regulatory requirements. The method for preparing an oxidizing material according to the invention comprises the dispersion in colloidal form of a metal or metal compound in an aqueous solution of an inorganic aluminosilicate polymer, said aluminosilicate being able to form an inorganic gel, and said metal or metal compound being able to cause the oxidation of oxidizable products and (or) micro-organisms to be eliminated, followed by the addition of a base to cause said aluminosilicate to gel. The metal is preferably silver in a powder form that is able to form a colloid when it is dispersed. The oxidizing material of the invention is efficient especially for the treatment of photographic baths, in particular wash baths placed after the fixing step.

Abstract: A photographic film with a polymeric acid-reacting neutralizing layer comprising a half ester of isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer is provided herein. This polymeric acid-reacting neutralizing layer is used to attenuate a photographic film's development process, which is effective under alkali conditions, by lowering the pH of the alkaline processing composition.

Abstract: The invention provides an opaque reflective photographic material eg paper whose non image side is coated with a mordant in an amount to absorb during washing of the photographic material dyes that would contribute to staining of the final image.

Abstract: A post-exposure treatment method of a silver halide emulsion layer in the manufacture of a hologram, a hologram manufacturing using the post-exposure treatment method, and a holographic optical element including the hologram are provided. The post-exposure treatment method of a silver halide emulsion layer involves: pre-hardening the silver halide emulsion layer after exposure; developing the pre-hardened silver halide emulsion layer using a developer solution; bleaching the developed silver halide emulsion layer; hardening the bleached silver halide emulsion layer; drying the hardened silver halide emulsion layer; surface-hardening the dried silver halide emulsion layer; fixing the hardened silver halide emulsion layer; treating the fixed silver halide emulsion layer using warm water; and drying the silver halide emulsion layer which has been treated using warm water.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous photographic fixing compositions include a photographic fixing agent and a compound represented by Structure I 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite material with an improved structure in which is dispersed an active organic compound, and a method for treating effluents, in particular a method for treating photographic effluents.

Abstract: Radiographic films containing cubic grain, high silver chloride emulsions can be used in radiographic imaging assemblies comprising intensifying screens for therapy portal localization imaging. The average silver halide grain size is from about 0.1 to about 0.18 &mgr;m and the silver halide is free of silver halide dopant compounds. These films provide excellent contrast with improved exposure latitude for use in various exposure conditions and equipment.

Abstract: Radiographic films containing cubic grain, high silver chloride emulsions can be used in radiographic imaging assemblies comprising intensifying screens for therapy portal imaging. The average silver halide grain size is from about 0.1 to about 0.18 &mgr;m. These films provide excellent contrast with improved exposure latitude for use in various exposure conditions and equipment.

Abstract: An aqueous photographic bleach solution comprises, as primary oxidant, in a concentration eg from about 0.1 to about 1 Molar of a transition metal oxidizing agent and, as secondary oxidant, from about 0.03 to about 0.15 Molar of a persulphate or from about 0.1 to about 0.8 Molar of a peroxide. The primary oxidant is preferably a ferric complex of an aminopolycarboxylic acid such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), propylene diamine tetraacetic acid (PDTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), or a substituted imino diacetic acid such as methyl imino diacetic acid (MIDA). The peroxide can be provided by a compound that liberates peroxide under the bleach conditions. The solutions of the invention are particularly suitable for use with a single use surface application device in which a small volume of the solution is used once and then discarded.

Abstract: A process of transferring a photographic image to a stone surface, such as slate tile, provides for the use of a gelatin subbing solution in a step of preparing the stone surface for the receipt of the image. Additional steps include application of polyacrylic coating and concrete staining material to the surface prior to exposing the surface to the gelatin subbing solution, and using conventional photo developing compounds for permanently affixing a transferred image to the stone surface. Mixing gelatin, chrome alum and water makes the gelatin subbing solution. For an “antique” look, the photograph can be exposed to a sulfide sepia toner prior to transfer of the image to the stone surface.

Abstract: A bleach or bleach/fixing solution for processing photographic silver halide materials which, relative to the silver halide content of the unprocessed material, exhibit prior to the bleaching step a content of silver arising from development of at least 65 mol %, in particular for processing color reversal materials, characterized in that the solution contains at least one iron complex of propylenediaminetetraacetic acid or of &bgr;-alaninediacetic acid or a mixture of these complexes and the total concentration of the stated iron complexes in the solution is at least 0.045 and at most 0.25 mol/l and a process for processing, in which such a solution is used, is characterized by a small introduced quantity of iron complexes, a low residual silver content, a low bleaching fog value, elevated resistance to precipitation and in that the bleach solution may be rejuvenated.

Abstract: Localization radiographic films containing rhodium-doped, cubic grain, high silver chloride emulsions can be used in radiographic imaging assemblies comprising intensifying screens for therapy imaging. The average silver halide grain size is from 0.20 to about 0.30 &mgr;m, and they comprise at least 80 mol % chloride based on total silver. These films provide colder image tones and reduced processing non-uniformities.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising on a support a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the light-sensitive layer contains a spectral-sensitizing dye represented by formula (1-a); a developer solution contains a developing agent represented by formula (A); and the replenishing rate of a processing solution is determined based on the proportion of an exposed area per unit area of the photographic material to perform replenishment.

Abstract: A method of providing an image in an imagewise exposed photographic silver halide material comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer, which method comprises developing the silver halide and fixing the remaining silver halide by contacting it with a molten composition comprising a silver halide complexing agent which is present in sufficient amount to render the silver halide substantially clear. The photographic silver halide material may comprise at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support wherein the material also comprises a layer of a composition comprising a silver halide complexing agent which is liquefiable by heat and which, when molten, is in reactive association with the silver halide. The image formed may be scanned to produce an electronic rendition of the image.

Abstract: A concentrated fixing solution which includes at least a thiosulfate, a water-soluble aluminum salt, and a compound having an absorbance of from 0.25 to 1.15 by a prescribed colorimetric method, and does not substantially contain a boron compound is disclosed. A method for processing a silver halide photographic material by using the concentrated fixing solution is also described.

Abstract: A processing composition for a silver halide photographic material, which comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulae (I) and (II): 1

Abstract: A process for the processing of an imagewise exposed photographic material which has been subjected to development and bleach-fixing comprises a plurality of sequential washing steps and where a stain reducing agent is employed wherein the photographic material is contacted with an effective amount of the stain reducing agent in the wash liquid in a first washing step and the photographic material is subjected to a following washing step to remove the stain reducing agent. The process may employ a plurality of wash tanks in which the developed material is washed sequentially and the stain reducing agent is present in the wash liquid in a first wash tank and removed from the photographic material by the wash liquid in one or more following wash tanks. The temperature of wash liquids in the tanks is preferably within the range 40 to 70° C., preferably 45 to 65° C.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for forming an image through either basic development processing or non-basic development processing on the same processor to provide equal image quality, in which an exposed color light-sensitive material (e.g., color negative film) is processed under non-basic conditions (e.g., rapid processing conditions), image information is read out from the developed film and converted to optical or electrical digital information, the digital information is subjected to image processing to obtain target image characteristics which should have been obtained under basic development processing conditions, and the resulting image characteristics are output to a printer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to imaging elements, including photographic elements and recording media, having a protective overcoat that resists fingerprints, common stains, and spills. More particularly, the present invention provides a processing-solution-permeable protective overcoat that is water resistant in the final processed product. The overcoat, before formation of the image, comprises hydrophobic polymeric particles in a gelatin matrix. Subsequent treatment of the overcoat, after formation of the image, to remove the gelatin, causes coalescence of the hydrophobic particles, resulting in the formation of a water-resistant continuous protective overcoat.

Abstract: A conditioning solution or bleach accelerating solution can be used to process color photographic films, especially color reversal films, to minimize magenta dye fade. This solution contains an antimicrobial composition that consists essentially of a polyaminocarboxylic acid or salt thereof as the sole antimicrobial agent. This agent is present in an amount of less than about 3 g/l.

Abstract: A process of transferring a photographic image to a stone surface, such as slate tile, provides for the use of a gelatin subbing solution in a step of preparing the stone surface for the receipt of the image. Additional steps include application of polyacrylic coating and concrete staining material to the surface prior to exposing the surface to the gelatin subbing solution, and using conventional photo developing compounds for permanently affixing a transferred image to the stone surface. Mixing gelatin, chrome alum and water makes the gelatin subbing solution. For an "antique" look, the photograph can be exposed to a sulfide sepia toner prior to transfer of the image to the stone surface.

Abstract: A final rinsing solution designed for the photographic processing of silver halide photographic products that comprises an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant the solution had a static surface tension less than or equal to 32 mN/m and a dynamic surface tension less than 50 mN/m. The solution is used in a method for processing silver halide photographic products such as color reversal products.

Abstract: A method for processing a transparent silver halide color photographic material is disclosed. The transparent silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is treated with a processing solution containing a compound represented by Formula (I).Formula I ##STR1## wherein Q is a group of atoms necessary for forming a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring (including one condensed with a 5- or 6-member unsaturated ring), R.sub.11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, ##STR2## or an alkyl group, Q' is a synonym for Q.sub.1. After the treating, a ratio (E/G) of a light absorbance E of unexposed area of the light-sensitive material at 650 nm to an amount of silver G mg/m.sup.2 remaining in the light-sensitive material is within the range of from 3.0.times.10.sup.-4 to 1.5.times.10.sup.-3 in the silver halide photogrpahic light-sensitive material,A transparent silver halide color photographic material is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the treatment of a seasoned stabilization bath containing at least 2 g/l of thiosulfate carried over from the fixing or bleach-fixing bath wherein said stabilization bath is treated by means of a nanofiltration system to yield a photographically useful permeate. The process in this invention allows the volume of photographic effluents to be significantly reduced.

Abstract: Archival photographic silver images are obtained by the finishing bath's containing 10 to 60 mg of metal ions/liter of metals, the electrode potential of which in the electrochemical series is more positive than that of silver.

Abstract: Color photographic films are processed using a final dye image stabilizing solution containing certain aromatic or heterocyclic aldehydes, acetals or hemiacetals, and a mixture of specific surfactants. One surfactant is a nonionic polyethoxylated, nonfluorinated compound, or an anionic non-fluorinated sulfate or sulfonate, and the second surfactant is a nonionic or anionic fluorinated compound. This processing solution provides processed films, with or without a magnetic backing layer, that are free of scum or other residues, non-tacky, and resistant to abrasion and fingerprinting. The stabilizing solution can be provided in concentrated form, particularly when a glycol is included.

Abstract: Color photographic materials are processed using a final rinse solution containing a water-soluble or water-dispersible glycol, and a mixture of specific surfactants. One surfactant is a nonionic polyethoxylated, nonfluorinated compound, or an anionic non-fluorinated sulfate or sulfonate, and the second surfactant is a nonionic or anionic fluorinated compound. This solution provides processed materials, with or without a magnetic backing layer, that are free of scum or other residues, non-tacky, and resistant to abrasion and fingerprinting. The final rinse solution can be provided in concentrated form, particularly because the glycol is included.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a novel method of processing a photographic product. In particular, method includes processing a photographic product that comprises a step of surface washing with a solution comprising an oxidizing agent, and a wetting agent. This processing method affords effective washing with a reduced quantity of water.

Abstract: In reversal processing, washing between the first development and the reversal bath can be avoided without any loss of photographic quality if the reversal bath is operated in countercurrent over at least two stages and hydroquinone sulfonic acid is used as the first developer.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed.

Abstract: A conditioning or bleach accelerating solution is prepared by diluting a concentrate up to 25 times. The concentrate contains a formaldehyde bisulfite precursor salt at from 200 to 600 g/l, sulfite ions at 0 to 200 g/l, a bleach accelerating agent at from 1.5 to 25 g/l, and a metal ion chelating agent present at up to 60 g/l. The concentrate is free of sodium ions.

Abstract: A processing method of a silver halide photographic material by using an automatic processor is disclosed, comprising the steps of developing an exposed photographic material with a developing solution in a developing tank, fixing with a fixing solution in a fixing tank and washing with a washing water or a rinsing solution in a washing tank, wherein the washing water or rinsing solution has the number of funguses of 100 or less per ml.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a multicolour filter array element, firmly associated with a transparent electrode layer in a multicolour liquid crystal display device, comprising a silver halide colour photographic material wherein the colour processing of the silver halide colour material comprises a treatment of the colour processed colour material in a solution comprising at least one group III metal ion. The processing method diminishes the yellowing, due to heating, of the processed photographic silver halide colour material.

Abstract: A method of accelerating black and white development comprising contacting a negative-type silver halide photographic element during processing with a developer prebath or a developer bath comprising an accelerator compound of the formula: ##STR1## is disclosed, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are substituents; said R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 may further combine with each other to form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring; and wherein said developer prebath and developer bath do not contain any iron(III) ion complex salt having bleaching activity.A bath selected from the group consisting of developer prebaths and developer baths for black and white development of a negative-type silver halide photographic element comprising an aqueous solution of accelerator compound of the formula: ##STR2## is also disclosed, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are substituents; said R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.