Abstract: A printing plate employs a charge carrier medium and includes a printing area constructed from a toner layer and charge carrier layer on an electrically conductive substrate.

Abstract: As shown in FIG. 1a, the information recording medium of the present invention includes an information recording layer on an electrode layer (13), said recording layer made up of a resin system (11) having liquid crystal phases (12) dispersed and fixed therein. In said recording layer, the refractive index of light through said resin system is such chosen as to be substantially coincident with the refractive index of light through the liquid crystal material which is being oriented by an electric field, whereby electrostatic information can be recorded and stored on the recording medium as visible information and the recorded and stored information can be reproduced at any desired time. The present recording medium can also be recycled, if the information recorded on it is erased.

Abstract: Information recording media enable images to be recorded and reproduced with high resolution, wherein oozing of liquid crystal material thereof is prevented and the information recorded without unevenness. A first recording medium has an information recording layer comprising a liquid crystal phase and an ultraviolet curing resin phase. The information recording layer is stacked on an electrode layer provided on a substrate by coating a mixed solution of liquid crystal and ultraviolet curing resin material on the surface of the electrode layer and then irradiating the coating by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, thereby forming a cured skin layer of the resin material on the outer surface of the information recording layer. A second recording medium has a transparent electrode layer additionally provided on the information recording layer of the first recording medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic information-recording medium including an electrode layer (13) and a charge-retaining layer, in which said charge-retaining layer is formed of a laminate of a resin layer (11a) having a low glass transition temperature with a heat-resistant, insulating layer (11b), or an electrostatic information-recording medium comprising at least an electrode layer (13) and a charge-retaining layer (11) in which said charge-retaining layer (11) is formed of a polymer layer (12) containing pentafluorostyrene as a monomer component and having a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 2,000,000, or which includes a photoconductive layer (44) and a charge-retaining layer (43) between a pair of electrodes (42) and (45) and is designed to carry out exposure with the application of voltage between both said electrodes (42) and (45) or apply voltage between both said electrodes (42) and (45) while exposure is carried out, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image, which is t

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrically conductive rubber roller for electrophotography which changes very little in electric resistance with changes in environment. This roller is used for charging and image transferring processes in copying machines and laser beam printers. The roller comprises a porous body of crosslinking silicone composition, containing at least a silica type filler, carbon black a foaming agent and siloxane polymer; the composition has an electric resistance of 10.sup.3 -10.sup.8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrostatic information recording medium in which a charge retaining layer having high insulating properties is laminated on an electrode, and an electrostatic information recording/reproducing process wherein, while said electrostatic information recording medium is positioned in opposition to a photosensitive member on which a photoconductive layer is laminated, the recording medium is subjected to information exposure with the application of voltage between both electrodes to accumulate electrostatic charges thereon depending upon the dosage of said information exposure, and the electrostatic information thus accumulated is reproduced by potential reading.The present electrostatic information recording medium has an information density as expressed in terms of a high recording capacity of the order of 8.times.10.sup.8 bits/cm.sup.

Abstract: As shown in FIG. 1a, the information recording medium of the present invention includes an information recording layer on an electrode layer (13), said recording layer made up of a resin system (11) having liquid crystal phases (12) dispersed and fixed therein. In said recording layer, the refractive index of light through said resin system is such chosen as to be substantially coincident with the refractive index of light through the liquid crystal material which is being oriented by an electric field, whereby electrostatic information can be recorded and stored on the recording medium as visible information and the recorded and stored information can be reproduced at any desired time. The present recording medium can also be recycled, if the information recorded on it is erased.

Abstract: A photoconductive layer 5 of a photosensitive material 1 is located in opposition to a charge carrier layer 6 of a charge carrier medium 2, followed by connection to a power source 8. The charge carrier medium 2 is then exposed to light 9 having a given wavelength through the photoconductor material 1 to form an electrostatic latent image on the charge carrier layer 6 of the charge carrier medium 2. Subsequently, the charge carrier medium 2 is disconnected from the power source 8 to develop and fix the latent image on the charge carrier layer 1 with toner. Etching is finally carried out, using the thus formed toner image 16 as a mask, thereby removing all portions of the charge carrier layer 6, on which the toner is not deposited, Thereby obtaining a printing plate including a printing area constructed from the toner 16 and charge carrier layer 7 on an electrically conductive substrate 7.

Abstract: An electrostatic image transfer recording sheet which comprises a substrate having, on one side thereof, an image-forming layer made of a porous alumina hydrate and, on the other side, a porous alumina hydrate layer.

Abstract: An electrographic imaging member comprising a supporting substrate and an outer layer of a volume grafted fluoroelastomer comprised of a substantially uniform integral interpenetrating or crosslinked network of a polyorganosiloxane grafted fluoroelastomer.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate of high resolving power and high printing endurance which comprises imagewise exposing a photoreceptor having a conductive layer and a printing sheet comprising a conductive support having thereon a dielectric non-photosensitive layer which are placed opposite to each other while applying a direct voltage between said conductive layer and said conductive support by a direct current source to form a positive electrostatic latent image on said non-photosensitive layer of the printing sheet and then subjecting the image to development and fixation.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method and apparatus for developing and printing color images by the electrostatic projection of dry powder color toners onto a photoconductive member. A plurality of color toner projection units are spaced from the photoconductive member and are AC and DC biased to sequentially project each of the cyan, yellow, magenta, and black color planes onto the photoconductive member. The photoconductive member is directly driven against an intermediate transfer member which sequentially receives and stores each of the color planes to thereby form a composite color image, and each color plane is transferred from the photoconductive member before the next color plane is received thereon.

Abstract: There is provided a photosensitive medium for recording a charge latent image, composed of a photo-conductive layer having an electrode and a protective layer at each surface thereof. There is further provided a charge latent image recording method. A photo-conductive layer and a charge holding layer, each having an electrode at a surface thereof, are arranged to face each other through a gap. A predetermined voltage is applied across the photo-conductive layer and the charge holding layer through the electrodes to cause discharge thereacross. At the time, an electro-magnetic wave corresponding to the charge latent image intended to be recorded is emitted to the photo-conductive layer. The impedance of the photo-conductive layer is thus varied to record the charge latent image on the charge holding layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image-recording process wherein the voltage applied between a photosensitive member 2 and electrostatic information recording medium 1 is put off after the lapse of a given time from the closing of an exposure shutter 13. It is thus possible to move all the generated carriers onto electrostatic information recording medium 1 and accumulate them as charges in an amount corresponding to the quantity of exposure irrespective of a voltage shutter time. It is also possible to electrically charge electrostatic information recording medium 1 or the photosensitive member 2 in advance and put on-off an electrical connection between the electrodes of the photosensitive member 2 and electrostatic information recording medium 1 to control image exposure, thereby dispensing with any external high voltage power source and obtaining a positive image.

Abstract: A process for preparing a toner donor roll having an integral electrode pattern involving: (a) providing a cylindrically shaped insulating member; (b) coating the insulating member with a photoresist; (c) patterning the photoresist by exposure to light, resulting in a first photoresist portion corresponding to the electrode pattern and a second photoresist portion corresponding to the remainder of the photoresist; (d) removing the first photoresist portion, thereby exposing the portion of the insulating member to be overlaid with the electrode pattern; and (e) depositing conductive metal on the portion of the insulating member formerly overlaid with the first photoresist portion, resulting in the electrode pattern.

Abstract: An image forming method in which toner images are registered onto an image retainer by conducting sequentially a cycle of charging, imagewise exposing and developing by the method of reversal development not less than twice. The imagewise exposing, based on all image data which have formed latent images is performed again only on the toner image portion after all the developing steps have been completed, then the toner images are transferred onto a transfer sheet at one time.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having an image forming section for forming a latent image on an image bearing drum, a toner supply station for supplying a developing agent, which includes polymeric toner particles having an average particle size falling within a range of about 3-10 .mu.m, an image bearing drum to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image bearing drum and a transfer roller for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium onto the developed image.

Abstract: In a system for measuring a surface potential of a sample, a probe is located above. A surface of the sample with a small gap and is vibrated by a piezoelectronic element which is energized by a oscillator. A potential of the distal end of the probe is changed and is converted into an electrical signal. The surface potential is obtained from the electrical signal.

Abstract: An electrostatic printing method, wherein a photosensitive member has a photoconductive layer formed on a support member with a conductive layer therebetween is placed face to face with a drum of electrostatic information recording medium, which has an insulating layer formed on a cylindrical conductive layer. Voltage is applied between the photosensitive member and the conductive layer of the electrostatic information recording medium drum. Electric charge is accumulated in the shape of an image on the surface of the electrostatic information recording medium drum, by performing image exposure from the direction of the photosensitive member. Recording film is supplied at the same speed as the rotating speed of the drum on contact or non-contact basis with the drum, and toner development is performed by a developing machine which is installed face to face to the drum with the recording film therebetween. A conductive roller may be provided at a position where the recording medium is separated from the drum.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the photosensitive member and the electrostatic information recording medium are immersed in the toner after image exposure is performed, and the electric field is formed in the gap by short-circuiting between the electrodes of the photosensitive member and the electrostatic information recording medium. Also, bias voltage is applied between the electrodes of the photosensitive member and the electrostatic information recording medium, and the surfaces of the electrostatic information recording medium and the photosensitive member are immersed in the toner. Bias voltage is set to higher than the potential on the unexposed portion and lower than the maximum potential of the exposed portion on the electrostatic information recording medium or the photosensitive member, and toner development of electrostatic latent image is performed with high fidelity on the photosensitive member to form positive or negative image.

Abstract: In the information recording an reproducing method and apparatus according to the present invention, a piece of picture image information is recorded as an analog quantity or a digital quantity an information carrying medium in a planar manner at a high density, charge potential is read for outputting electric signals to correspond to the recorded picture image information and then the outputted signals are printed out by means of various display unit or output device, with high quality and high resolution as well as ease processing of the information. The information carrying medium provides a long period of storage of information and enables stored picture image information to be repeatedly reproduced with a picture quality according to need.

Abstract: There is provided a method for transferring a charge image wherein the charge image is formed on a surface of the master recording medium and a reproduction member is brought to contact with the surface of the master recording medium, the reproduction member being a laminated structure of photomodulation layer and electrode layer, thereby the charge image formed on the surface of the master recording medium is transferred to a surface of the photomodulation layer of the reproduction member. Further the charge is formed on a surface of the master recording medium, a reproduction member is brought to confront with the surface of the master recording medium across a gap, the reproduction member being a laminated structure of photomodulation layer and electrode layer and a space discharge is caused across the gap thereby the charge image formed on the surface of the master recording medium is transferred across the gap to a surface of the photomodulation layer of the reproduction member.

Abstract: A method for transferring an electrostatic latent image and apparatus therefor. This method comprises preparing a master recording member one side of which is provided with a first electrode and another side of which is provided with a first recording layer in which an image information is preformed in a form of material characteristic change of the first recording layer, preparing a blank recording member having a second recording layer, confronting the first recording layer of the master recording member with the second recording layer, and providing a uniform layer of charges to the second recording layer of the blank recording member by a charge providing member on a side of the second recording layer opposite to the side confronting the preformed image information, to produce a transferred electrostatic latent image on the second recording layer of the blank recording member corresponding with and in response to the image information preformed in the first recording layer of the master recording member.

Abstract: Block copolymers of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and aryl; k, j, m and n represent the number of repeating segments, and imaging members thereof.

Abstract: Process for preparation of high resolution image exposing imagewise a photopolymerizable element having a removable cover sheet and a conductive support or a temporary support which is replaced by a conductive support, stripping the cover sheet and laminating the imagewise exposed photopolymerizable layer to a second exposed photopolymerizable layer on a temporary support, removing the temporary support, charging electrostatically the exposed photopolymerizable layers, developing, e.g., liquid electrostatic developer or dry toner developer, and optionally transferring the developed image to a receptor surface, e.g., paper. The process is useful in preparing multiple copies in more than one version, e.g., logos, headlines, corrections, etc.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus including a pattern forming device for forming a light-shielding pattern on one of opposite surfaces of a photosensitive recording medium. The light-shielding pattern is formed of a light-shielding material which is capable of shielding a radiation. The apparatus further includes an exposing device for irradiating the above-indicated one surface of the recording medium, and thereby forming an optical latent image which corresponds to the light-shielding pattern. The light-shielding pattern is removed by a cleaner from the recording medium after the optical latent image is formed. The optical latent image formed on the medium is developed into a visible image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for fusing an electrophotographic image to a substrate which comprises developing an electrostatic latent image with a toner of one polarity and contacting the developed image with a fuser roll having on the surface thereof an insulating material charged to the same polarity as the toner. In one embodiment of the invention, the surface of the fuser roll comprises an insulating material and the charge is applied with a charging means such as a corotron. In another embodiment of the invention, the surface of the fuser roll comprises a polymeric electret material having embedded therein stable electrical charges of the same polarity as that of the toner. For this second embodiment, the fuser roll may optionally be charged with a charging means.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic recording medium comprising an electroconductive support and a dielectric layer formed on the electroconductive support and containing an insulating resin and a pigment, characterized in that the pigment comprises kaolin having a quartz content of not more than 2% by weight and that the dielectric layer has, on the surface thereof, projections based on the pigment and having an equivalent diameter of 5-15 um as spacers.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for use in exposing of photosensitive material to ultraviolet radiation includes a carrier which is a film strip having a photoconductive layer. The film strip is indexed along a path which extends through a linear array of stations. At a charging station an electrostatic charge is applied to the photoconductive layer on the film strip. At an exposing station, the photoconductive layer on the film strip is exposed to a light pattern which forms a reduced size image of an original to thereby render areas of the photoconductive layer conducting. At a developing station, toner particles are electrically attracted to the conducting areas of the photoconductive layer on the film strip. The toner particles are fused to each other and the material of the film strip to form a permanent visible image. The film strip is then indexed to an exposing station where ultraviolet radiation is directed through the film strip to protect an enlarged image onto photosensitive material.

Abstract: An organic photosensitive member for use in electrophotography comprising a conductive substrate and one or more electrically operative layers is disclosed. The imaging layer of the member contains from about 0.5 to about 20 percent of a toner release agent selected from the group of materials composed of stearates, silicon oxides, and fluorocarbons.

Abstract: A method is described for electronically processing exposed photographic materials for detection and measurement of latent images contained therein.

Abstract: An electrostatic image forming method for various kinds of image forming apparatuses. At an exposing step, a light image having a light quantity region greater than a predetermined quantity of light is projected to form on a dielectric layer of a dielectric recording medium a positive electrostatic image which has such a tendency that the surface potential or the amount of surface charge is comparatively small in a region in which the quantity of light is comparatively large. A full-surface exposing step using a predetermined quantity of exposing light is added to before or after the exposure to the light image, so that the total quantity of exposing light exceeds a predetermined quantity of light. The quantity of light of the light image is controllable to a larger one which provides a positive electrostatic image on the dielectric layer, or to a smaller one which provides a negative latent image.

Abstract: An electrostatic printing method with which printing is effected using electrical signals representative of picture or image data. A thermal head is driven by the electrical signals so as to transfer heat-sensitive ink in the molten state onto a photo-sensitive sheet from a donor sheet to form a master sheet. The master sheet is then charged, subjected to uniform exposure to form an electrostatic latent image, and then developed using powdered toner. The toner image is transferred onto a printing sheet and fixed thereon to make a copy.

Abstract: A color recording method wherein equal amounts of photoconductive toner particles of three primary colors are uniformly mixed and applied as a layer on a doner member. Optical color images are projected onto this layer, thereby selectively decreasing the resistivities of the toner particles in patterns corresponding to the optical color images. Simultaneously or immediately thereafter there is applied a voltage thereacross, thereby selectively injecting charge into the photoconductive toner particles with decreased electric resistivities to form a charge distribution in the mixed toner layer corresponding to the projected optical color images. Using the charge distribution formed in the mixed toner layer, color recording is then performed by transferring the toner particles to a recording sheet in accordance with the charge distribution.

Abstract: An apparatus in which contaminants transferred from a copy sheet to a photoconductive member are attracted back to the copy sheet. During the transfer of the toner powder image from the photoconductive member to the copy sheet, the copy sheet contaminants are attracted to the photoconductive member. Simultaneously with this transfer process, the copy sheet contaminants have their polarity charged to the same polarity as the polarity of the charge on the toner powder image. In this way, the contaminants are attracted back to the copy sheet from the photoconductive member preventing contamination thereof.

Abstract: A new image recording method, such as an electrophotographic method or electrostatic recording method, where a plurality of recording papers, each having visualized images, can be produced from an electrostatic latent image which is formed only once on the electrostatic latent image forming material. A recording material having a high resistance value and dielectric factor is laid on the electrostatic latent image forming material after an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a image to be recorded has been formed on said electrostatic latent image forming material. An electrostatic latent image on the recording material corresponding to the electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image forming material is visualized by supplying developer to the surface of the recording material not facing or opposite to the electrostatic latent image forming material. Thereafter the developer on said recording material is fixed.

Abstract: An electrostatic record material comprising an electroconductive base sheet and a record layer formed on the base sheet and consisting essentially of an insulating resin, the record material being characterized in that the base sheet includes (i) an electroconductive layer comprising an ionic-conductive substance as its main electroconductive component, and (ii) an electroconductive layer comprising an electronic-conductive substance as its main electroconductive component. The electrostatic record material has excellent recording characteristics at usual humidity.

Abstract: An electrically activatable recording (EAR) element capable of producing a positive image comprises an electrically activatable recording layer comprising a transition metal complex selected from the group consisting of Group VIIIB and Group IB metal complexes in a film forming ionic polymer that is capable of undergoing an imagewise reorientation upon exposure to electric current and, upon such exposure, development of an image in the exposed areas of the recording layer is restricted. The recording element is light handleable and provides a non-silver positive image upon exposure and processing.

Abstract: In an electrically activatable recording element and process comprising a polymeric electrically active conductive layer improvements are provided wherein the polymeric electrically active conductive layer comprises a polymer that has recurring units represented by the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are individually hydrogen or methyl;R.sup.2 is alkyl containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms;x is 0 or 1;y is 0 to 4;R.sup.4 is C.sub.6 H.sub.5-z X.sub.z ; wherein z is 1 to 5;X is chlorine, bromine or iodine;n is 40 to 100 weight percent;and the polymer has a glass transition temperature within the range of 20.degree. C. to 40.degree. C.

Abstract: In an electrically activatable recording (EAR) element comprising an electrically conductive support bearing (a) a first layer, and, contiguous to the first layer, (b) an electrically activatable recording layer, image formation in the electrically activatable recording layer is aided when the first layer (a) consists essentially of a compound selected from the group consisting of silver chlorides, silver bromides, silver iodides, transition metal bromides, transition metal chlorides, alkali metal chlorides, alkali metal bromides, alkali metal iodides, mixed chlorides, bromides and iodides of such metals and combinations of such compounds. The EAR element is light handleable when free of photosensitive silver halide and provides an image, after electrically activated exposure by dry development processing or by processing in a processing solution or bath.

Abstract: Imaging processes where charge images are transferred from one surface to another are improved by the presence of conductivity sites on at least one of the surfaces, said sites being discrete, composed of an inorganic material, and having an average length between 1.0 and 20 nm. Between 0.1 and 40% of either the photoconductive surface or dielectric layer may be covered with electrically conductive sites.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method, in which a dielectric film is contacted with a surface of a charged and exposed electrophotographic layer and said film is acted on by positive and negative ions of the same concentration from a source of ions, which settle on the film and produce a latent image thereon. Then the electrophotographic layer is illuminated by an actinic light source to preserve the latent image on the film and the film is separated from the electrophotographic layer while being illuminated or after that. Thereafter the latent image obtained on the film is developed and fixed.

Abstract: Two different picture informations A and B are compounded into a composite picture image making use of the knowledge that a magnetic latent image and an electrostatic latent image do not interfere each other. One of the picture informations A and B is formed as a magnetic latent image and the other is formed as an electrostatic latent image in one and same recording medium so as to form and record a composite latent image therein. Both of the magnetic and electrostatic latent images are developed all at once using one and single developing apparatus to visualize the latent images as a visible composite image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for electrophotographic color image development by which charge images are rendered visible by electrophoretic deposition of color zones on a continuously moving image carrier-band in development stations, using contact electrodes, development electrodes and blocking nozzles for the developer liquid whereby the development of the image in the development station is carried out with a substantial deviation .alpha. of the direction of movement of the image carrier from the horizontal.

Abstract: A photoconductive member (21) is provided with inner (21b) and outer (21c) photoconductive layers. An electrostatic charge is formed at the interface of the layers (21b), (21c), either by a combination of applied charge and semiconductive current flow through the inner layer (21b) or applied charge and radiation with light having a wavelength selected to render only one of the inner (21b) and outer (21c) layers conductive. Then, the member (21) is radiated with a light image of an original document (26) to form an electrostatic image at the interface. The electrostatic image is repeatedly developed and the resulting toner images transferred to copy sheets (34). Another charge may be applied to the member (21) after the first charge to form electrostatic dipoles across the layers (21b), (21c).

Abstract: I provide an improved method of transferring a developed latent electrostatic image from the surface of a photoconductor to a carrier sheet adapted to receive the developed image, apparatus for carrying out the method, an improved carrier sheet for use in the method, a method of making the carrier sheet, and apparatus for forming the carrier sheet. The method comprises providing spacing means between the surface of the photoconductor and the carrier sheet adapted to receive the image, which spacing means extend from the surface of the carrier sheet a distance less than seventy microns and more than the depth of the developed image on the photoconductor. The gap prevents squeezing and deforming of the image and, when a liquid developer is used, prevents the carrier sheet from becoming unduly moistened except by liquid entrained in the charged toner particles forming the developed image.

Abstract: A dye-diffusion transfer process for producing (a) dye image(s) with improved dye density is provided, said process comprising the steps of:(1) image-wise photo-exposing a photographic color material, which contains at least one alkali-permeable silver halide hydrophilic colloid layer which contains in operative contact therewith or therein a non-diffusing dye or dye precursor compound that when contacted with an aqueous alkaline liquid remains immobile in an alkali-permeable colloid layer and is capable of being reduced by a silver halide developing agent at a rate slower than that of imagewise developable silver halide and in reduced state under alkaline conditions is capable of releasing a diffusible dye or dye precursor moiety, and(2) applying in the presence of a developing agent an aqueous alkaline liquid to said photoexposed material, characterized in that said liquid contains triisopropanolamine.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrostatic image of an original having both black and color portions includes selective elimination of the black portion to produce individual color electrostatic images which can be separately developed with respect to another image of the black portion, thereby increasing the definition and clarity of the resulting reproduction. Apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention are also described in detail.

Abstract: Electrostatic charge images of identical shape but opposite sign are generated on both sides of a transparent, highly insulating foil. Subsequently, pigment is deposited on both sides of the foil by means of oppositely charged developers. The optical density of an electrophotographic image on a transparent insulating foil is increased, as compared to densities achieved in the past, for a given surface charge density by establishing a charge exchange between one side of the foil and an electrode. On the other side of the foil a charge image is generated and the foil. The electrode are separated from each other prior to development.

Abstract: A residual charge erasing step in the electrophotographic process in which a transparent conductor backed photoconductor layer positioned in virtual contact with a conductor backed dielectric layer is exposed to a light image while a first voltage is applied between the conductors to produce on the dielectric layer an electrostatic latent image, the erasing step which is applied after the transfer of the latent image includes positioning the photoconductor and dielectric layers in virtual contact, illuminating the full surface of the photoconductor layer and applying between the conductors a second voltage of a polarity opposite to the first voltage and whose value is((.chi.a+.chi.d)/.chi.a)(312+6.2 .chi.a)wherein .chi.a and .chi.d are respectively the capacitive air gap equivalent thicknesses in microns between the virtually contacting layers and of the dielectric layer per se.