Abstract: An imaging material and process employing photosensitive microcapsules useful in forming two or more image colors by exposure with an intensity or time modulated radiation source such as a laser; the imaging material comprises a support having at least two sets of photosensitive microcapsules on the surface, one set of microcapsules is made up of high speed microcapsules which are more sensitive to a predetermined actinic radiation than a second set of microcapsules made up of lower speed microcapsules; the microcapsules include a photosensitive composition which undergoes a change in viscosity upon exposure to actinic radiation; first and second image-forming agents are respectively associated with each set of microcapsules; the imaging material is useful in forming images of two or more colors by a process which comprises image-wise exposing the imaging material to actinic radiation at a first exposure amount which is substantially quantitatively different than the second exposure amount, and subjecting the

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitve material is disclosed. The material is comprised of a transparent support having provided on one side of the support at least two silver halide emulsion layers and a surface-protecting layer. One of the two silver halide emulsion layers is a tabular silver halide emulsion layer containing tabular silver halide grains having a diameter at least five times the thickness of the grains. The other silver halide emulsion layer is a non-tabular silver halide emulsion layer containing non-tabular silver halide grains. The tabular silver halide emulsion layer is positioned closer to the support than the non-tabular silver halide emulsion layer, and the non-tabular silver halide emuslion layer is positioned closer to the support than the surface-protecting layer. The material may include two similar silver halide emulsion layers and a surface-protecting layer on the opposite side of the support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are elements, including radiation-sensitive elements (e.g. color photographic paper products) which have, on a support, a substantially crystal- and agglomeration-free hydrophilic layer. This layer comprises a hydrophilic composition comprising a hydrophilic binder and water-insoluble polymer particles dispersed therein. These particles have recurring units derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers, and comprise from about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on total monomer weight, of a hydrophobe uniformly distributed throughout. Particularly useful polymer particles are those having recurring units derived from at least one monomer having a crosslinkable moiety. Particularly useful hydrophobes are optical brighteners. A method of making these elements is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A two layer photopolymer film pack is provided for producing a sequence of an intermediate and a final image on a substrate surface adjacent the film pack upon two successive cycles of exposure through a photo image pattern and development to remove soluble photopolymer. The two layers are of different photopolymers, which have differing solubility characteristics providing for both layers to be removed together by a first developing solution and only one layer to be removed by a different developing solution. This permits the process of this invention namely the successive exposure of a multi-layer photopolymer film to two different photo image patterns to develop intermediate and final hard photopolymer patterns for such methods as photomasking a printed wiring board by use of the intermediate step and producing high resolution printed wire traces in the final step covered by the photopolymer as an insulating solder mask layer.

Abstract: A photobleachable layer has been found to improve the resolution limits of two-layer photoresists for making integrated circuits.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The material is comprised of a support having two layers thereon. One layer is comprised of a silver halide emulsion layer containing a non-diffusible coupler which couples with an oxidation product of a developing agent during development processing to form a dye of such mobility that controlled image smearing occurs. The other layer is comprised of a silver halide emulsion layer containing a polymer coupler latex which is adjacent to the emulsion layer containing the dye diffusion type coupler. By utilizing the silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material as disclosed within the application it is possible to obtain improved results with respect to the graininess and sharpness of the images produced with the material without having bad effects on other photographic properties of the material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chromatic proofreading film which may be conveniently used for the process of ascertaining the color quality in multi-color printing by overlaying color picture images produced from the corresponding color separated picture images. The chromatic proofreading film of this invention has two photosensitive layers, the outer one consisting of a silver halide photosensitive material and the inner one consisting of a non silver salt photosensitive material such as diazo or azide resin, and the inner photosensitive layer is divided into a plurality of regions dyed to different basic colors so that the chromatic proofreading film may be cut apart into a plurality of separate sheets which may be overlaid for the purpose of chromatic proofreading after the film is photographically developed.

Abstract: Silver halide photographic material for radiography comprising a transparent support having a hydrophilic colloid layer coated on each side thereof said layer comprising (a) photosensitive silver halide grains, (b) silver halide grains having surfaces covered with a solubility reducing agent and which, in the absence of said solubility reducing agent, are more soluble in a material capable of dissolving silver halide than said (a), said (b) having a sensitivity to light generally less than 1/10 that of said (a), and (c) physical development nuclei, wherein the molar ratio of (a) to (b), based on the silver content of each, is between 1:0.1 to 1:0.8 on each side of said support and the total silver content of (a) and (b) is from 1 to 8 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: Double sided lithography is disclosed for fabricating ultra-small multilayer microcircuit structures without need for any intermediate realignment and without need for any intermediate layer deposition involving re-establishment of surface planarity. Microcircuit patterns are defined on opposite sides of a thin substrate by an exposure tool without intermediate removal of the substrate from the exposure tool, the microcircuit pattern on one side being defined by incident patterning radiation and the microcircuit pattern on the other side being defined by patterning radiation which has passed through the thin substrate.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed. The material is comprised of a support base having positioned thereon a silver halide emulsion layer and a surface protective layer. The emulsion layer contains a photosensitive silver halide emulsion, an internally fogged silver halide emulsion and a compound represented by the general formula (I):R.sub.1 [(R.sub.3).sub.l X].sub.n R.sub.3 '--R.sub.2wherein the substituents within the general formula (I) are defined within the specification. The photographic material is capable of providing an image having a high maximum density at a high speed and a high contrast. The material can be processed without requiring any specific additives in a short developing period using low-temperature processing. The material also possesses high-temperature quick processing aptitude.

Abstract: Spin castable polymethylmethacrylate photoresist compositions are provided utilizing certain cinnamic acid derivatives as dyes capable of absorbing light at about 436 nm and substantially transparent to light at about 220-250 nm. The spin castable polymethylmethacrylate resist compositions are used in making semiconductor devices by multilayer photoresist methods.

Abstract: Film packages for obtaining x-ray energy-difference images simultaneously by exposing a body to a broad energy spectrum x-ray beam. One package embodiment has two radiographic films joined at at least two edges to form a pocket in which a light-opaque sheet is inserted during the x-ray exposure. The package is disposed between front and rear x-ray intensifying screens during the exposure. The front screen on which the broad energy image is incident is excited to luminescence predominantly by x-ray photons in one energy band and the rear screen by photons in another band to thereby produce the difference images. The opaque sheet may contain x-ray filter material. A reflective sheet is substituted in the pocket for said opaque sheet during readout of the intensities of corresponding picture elements. Another film package embodiment is laminated and unitary and has a double-sided reflective sheet in the middle, a light-opaque coating on each reflective surface and a photosensitive emulsion on each coating.

Abstract: There is provided a multi-layer light-sensitive silver halide color photographic material having plural silver halide emulsion layers having respective sensitivities to light at different spectral regions on a support, wherein at least 80% of the total number of silver halide grains contained in at least one of the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers having sensitivities to different spectral regions, comprise silver halide grains having grain sizes greater than 0.8 .mu. and silver halide grains smaller than 0.65 .mu..The multi-layer silver halide color photographic material according to this invention exhibits improved sharpness of the color images formed.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material is disclosed. The material is comprised of a support base having provided thereon a fine grain silver halide emulsion layer and, positioned adjacent to the fine grain silver halide emulsion layer, a silver halide emulsion layer containing a coupler. The coupler is a phenolic cyan coupler substituted at the 5-position with an acylamino group and at the 2-position with an ureido group. The material has high sensitivity and good granularity. The material produces an image which has excellent fastness to light and heat.

Abstract: X-ray energy-difference images are obtained simultaneously by exposing a body to a broad energy spectrum X-ray beam while a radiographic film package is disposed between front and rear X-ray intensifying screens. The film package has two superimposed films with a light-opaque sheet between them. The front screen, on which the polyenergetic image beam emerging from the body is incident, is excited to luminescence by X-ray photons predominantly in one energy band and the rear screen is excited predominantly by photons in another band. The light opaque sheet preferably contains X-ray filter material for additional filtering of photons to increase the fraction of photons at said other band to which the rear screen is sensitive. A shadowgraph of a marker is formed on the film emulsions during X-ray exposure to aid in matching congruent picture elements on each film when the developed films are being read out to obtain signals corresponding to their intensities.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The material is comprised of a support base having positioned thereon a silver halide emulsion layer and a protective layer. The silver halide emulsion layer includes at least two component layers including an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer is comprised of a photosensitive silver halide emulsion and the lower layer is comprised of a photosensitive silver halide emulsion and an inside fogged silver halide emulsion. The particle size of the inside fogged silver halide emulsion is smaller than that of the photosensitive silver halide emulsion in the upper layer and the lower layer. The material is highly sensitive and forms images which have high contrast and high density. The material is capable of forming images having a pure black tone. When the materials are processed they create substantially no stain even if a stopping bath is not utilized.

Abstract: There is disclosed a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer constituted of a plural number of layers which are substantially the same in color to which they are sensitive but different in sensitivity provided on a support, which comprises a layer having the highest sensitivity among the plural number of layers with different sensitivities which contains at least two kinds of substantially mono-dispersed silver halide grains with different average grain sizes.The light-sensitive silver halide photographic material according to this invention is high in sensitivity and excellent in graininess of dye image.

Abstract: A presensitized lithographic printing plate, which comprises a support having a hydrophilic surface. A non-silver light-sensitive layer capable of having formed therein a lipophilic image pattern and a direct positive light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer are provided on the support in that sequence. The non-silver light-sensitive layer is provided with an adjacent hydrophilic colloid layer in which a resin is dispersed in fine particle form. The resin is a copolymer comprising (A) a recurring unit derived from at least one monomer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and (B) a recurring unit derived from at least one monomer of an aralkyl acrylate and an aralkyl methacrylate.

Abstract: In a film unit for photography of the diffusive transfer process type including a photosensitive sheet, a mask defining an image border definition with an aperture provided therein, a pod for a processing liquid etc., bordering portions of the photosensitive sheet underlying around the image border definition are applied by dummy liquid layers in place of the layers constituting the photosensitive sheet.

Abstract: A coupler containing in the coupling position a carbamoyloxy group ##STR1## upon oxidative coupling, releases a carbamic acid fragment that, in turn, is capable of thermally releasing ammonia or an amine. Such a carbamoyloxy substituted coupler and carbamic acid fragment are useful in imaging such as in photothermography and thermography. Ammonia or an amine released from the carbamic acid fragment enables imaging in imaging materials that are responsive to ammonia or an amine. The carbamoyloxy substituted coupler also generally is a dye-forming coupler that reacts with the oxidized form of a color developing agent to form a dye. An image is produced in an exposed photothermographic material comprising the carbamoyloxy substituted coupler by thermal development. An image is produced in a thermographic material comprising the carbamoyloxy substituted coupler and a color developing agent by imagewise heating the thermographic material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide light-sensitive color photographic material which comprises a support and coated thereon a light-sensitive layer containing a compound which, upon reaction with an oxidized color developing agent, is capable of releasing a diffusible development inhibitor and a negative type light-sensitive silver halide emulsion containing light-sensitive silver halide crystals essentially consisting of mono-dispersed silver halide crystals of which size distribution satisfies the following relation:S/r.ltoreq.0.15whereinS=.sqroot..SIGMA.(r-r.sub.i).sup.2 n.sub.i.sup.2 /.SIGMA.n.sub.i andr=.SIGMA.n.sub.i r.sub.i /.SIGMA.n.sub.i in which r.sub.i represents the crystal size of individual silver halide crystals and n.sub.i represents the number of crystals.The light-sensitive color photographic material of the present invention provides an image of remarkably improved sharpness.

Abstract: Color photothermographic articles are prepared by having the various color-forming layers separated by organic solvent soluble barrier layers insoluble in the organic solvent used to coat at least one of the adjacent color-forming layers.

Abstract: A redox release compound that is capable upon oxidation of releasing a silver ion complexing heterocyclic thio moiety enables reduction of the concentration of silver required in a photographic silver halide material comprising a combination of (i) photographic silver halide capable of forming a surface latent image, and (ii) a photographic silver halide capable of forming an internal latent image. The silver halide capable of forming an internal latent image preferably has lower photosensitivity than the silver halide capable of forming a surface latent image. The redox release compound preferably comprises a silver ion complexing 1,2,4-triazolium-3-thio moiety. An image is developed in such an exposed photographic silver halide element by means of a surface type silver halide developer.

Abstract: A photothermographic color construction is disclosed, the construction having at least two color-forming layers comprising:a. a first, spectrally-sensitized, color-forming layer coated out of a solvent system selected from lower alkyl alcohols (up to 4 carbon atoms) ketones (up to 6 carbon atoms), aromatic hydrocarbons (up to 10 carbon atoms), or mixtures thereof,b. an upper, second, different, spectrally-sensitized color-forming layer coated out of a toluene or acetone solvent system, andc.

Abstract: A light-sensitive color photographic material having a support and, coated thereon, at least two light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers respectively sensitive to lights of different spectral regions, characterized in that each of the light-sensitive emulsion layers comprises at least two emulsion layers having different light-sensitivities and containing negative type light-sensitive silver halide crystals essentially consisting of silver iodobromide containing silver iodide at a proportion not higher than 4 mole %.This invention provides a silver halide color photographic material, in which the proportion of the silver halide utilized for the information of a color image to the total silver halide used is enhanced remarkably.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material comprising a base having formed thereon a silver halide emulsion layer substantially made of two or more monodisperse emulsions having different average grain sizes in the range of from 0.2 to 3.0 .mu.m is disclosed. The grain size distribution curve of the silver halide grains in said emulsion layer has two or more peaks, and the distance between the highest peak and the second highest peak is at least 0.3 .mu.m.

Abstract: Photographic elements particularly adapted for forming direct-positive images are disclosed in which a radiation-sensitive core-shell emulsion layer and a silver halide emulsion layer incapable of forming a surface latent image within the direct-positive exposure latitude of the first emulsion layer and containing a grain population capable of internally trapping photolytically generated electrons are both present. The photographic elements are capable of exhibiting increased covering power, greater maximum density, and increased speed.

Abstract: High aspect ratio chemically and spectrally sensitized tabular grain silver halide emulsions, photographic elements incorporating these emulsions, and processes for the use of the photographic elements are disclosed. In the tabular grain emulsions the silver halide grains having a thickness of less than 0.3 micron and a diameter of at least 0.6 micron have a high aspect ratio and account for at least 50 percent of the total projected area of the silver halide grains present.

Abstract: A method of rapidly processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material having high sensitivity and high covering power using a developing solution is disclosed. The developing solution contains a combination of a silver halide solvent and a particular anti-foggant. The rapid processing is not attended by increase in fog and deterioration of graininess. The photographic material contains a surface latent image type silver halide emulsion and a silver halide emulsion having fogged nuclei inside the grains in a single layer formed by coating the mixture thereof, or in a double layer formed by coating them separately. The anti-foggant has the general formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, a nitro group, a cyano group or a halogen atom; and R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, a halogen atom or an alkyl group.

Abstract: Photographic elements particularly adapted for forming direct-positive images are disclosed in which a radiation-sensitive core-shell emulsion layer and a silver halide emulsion layer incapable of forming a surface latent image within the direct-positive exposure latitude of the first emulsion layer and containing a grain population capable of internally trapping photolytically generated electrons are both present. The photographic elements are capable of exhibiting increased covering power, greater maximum density, and increased speed.

Abstract: Radiographic elements are disclosed comprised of first and second imaging portions separated by an interposed support capable of transmitting radiation to which the second imaging portion is responsive. At least the first imaging portion includes a silver halide emulsion in which thin tabular silver halide grains of intermediate aspect ratios are present. Spectral sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the surface of the tabular grains. Crossover can be improved in relation to the imaging characteristics.

Abstract: Radiographic elements are disclosed comprised of first and second imaging portions separated by an interposed support capable of transmitting radiation to which the second imaging portion is responsive. At least the first imaging portion includes a silver halide emulsion in which high aspect ratio tabular silver halide grains are present. Spectral sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the surface of the tabular grains. Crossover can be improved in relation to the imaging characteristics.

Abstract: Forehardened photographic elements, particularly radiographic elements, intended to produce silver images are disclosed including among hydrophilic colloid layers at least one emulsion layer containing thin tabular silver halide grains. When developed in less than 1 minute to produce a viewable silver image, these photographic elements exhibit increased covering power.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide material suitable for use in the silver complex diffusion transfer reversal process for the production of a continuous tone positive silver image (sensitometric curve I of the drawing) on an image-receiving material and a continuous tone negative silver image (sensitometric curve II of the drawing) in the photographic silver halide material itself, wherein the negative silver image is usable per se for serving as an internegative in a photographic printing process. In the photographic material on each side of a transparent support a silver halide emulsion layer high in silver chloride is present with a different developing agent composition to yield from the two emulsion layers together the total silver image density and average gradient desired in the negative image.

Abstract: The present invention describes conformable masking techniques which can be successfully made and used in a practical manufacturing environment while providing increased resolution of photolithographic images while eliminating all manner of defects that might presently be encountered in the masks currently used in the semiconductor industry.In the present invention a body is first coated with a positive photoresist overcoated with a conformable mask which is exposed through a fixed mask and developed to define a replica of the fixed mask, together with all its defects. The underlying photoresist is then exposed to light through developed openings in the conformable mask. The conformable mask is then stripped and a new conformable mask laid down. This new conformable mask is now exposed through a second fixed mask having the same image as the first fixed mask, but presumably with different defects and developed to define a replica of the second mask.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive article formed with large and small grains of silver halide arranged for exposure to radiation and disposed so as to permit development of the large and small grains each under independent development conditions selected to provide image wise development thereof. A method for producing a high resolution high speed photographic image and apparatus for carrying out the method are also provided.

Abstract: High-resolution patterning of a device surface is effected by a method which involves the use of a multi-layer resist structure. An organic resist layer is on the surface to be patterned, and an inorganic resist layer is on the organic resist layer. A pattern is produced in the inorganic layer by exposure to actinic radiation and, after development of the inorganic layer, the pattern is replicated in the organic layer by additional exposure to actinic radiation. The pattern is then developed in the organic layer so as to leave exposed surface portions to be affected by a fabrication agent.

Abstract: A diffusion transfer color photographic material having an improved interlayer between two silver halide photographic emulsion layers formed on a support. The interlayer contains a mixture of hydroquinone derivatives having solidifying points lower than 100.degree. C. and a water-insoluble organic solvent-soluble homopolymer or copolymer dispersed in a hydrophilic organic colloid.

Abstract: An improved photoetch technique is presented of the portable-conformable-mask type wherein a thin top layer of resist and a thick planarizing layer are deposited on a substrate and the thin layer is exposed and developed to produce a portable-conformable-mask. The improvement involves dissolving a suitable dye in a layer between the thin top layer and the substrate. The dye is preferably selected to absorb light of the wavelengths used to expose the top layer but does not interfere with processing of the other layers.

Abstract: A photosensitive lithographic printing plate precursor and a method for the preparation of a lithographic printing plate is described, said precursor comprising a support, a non-silver photosensitive layer and a photographic silver halide emulsion coating, and exhibiting photographic camera speed and a printing durability equivalent to the conventional type presensitized plate due to the underlying non-silver photosensitive layer; the silver halide emulsion coating contains a compound represented by the formual (I)R.sup.1 NHNHCOR.sup.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 represents an aryl group and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, an aryl group, or an aliphatic group.

Abstract: Photosensitive elements for color diffusion transfer film units comprising a support layer, at least two selectively-sensitized silver halide layers having image-dye forming materials associated therewith, and a novel interlayer, separating the silver halide layers, comprising a polymeric hydroxamic acid polyvalent metal salt which serves as a barrier to the migration of solubilized image-dye forming material until it is rendered permeable to the image-dye forming material subsequent to contact with a sequestering agent for the polyvalent metal of the salt barrier.

Abstract: A multi-layer photosensitive film resist (is provided) in which the photosensitive layers consists of a plurality of layers having different properties, e.g., greater adhesion to a copper surface provided by one layer and greater toughness and (possibly) reduced adhesion to a temporary support provided by the other layer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to photosensitive elements and to diffusion transfer film units employing said elements wherein said photosensitive element includes a plurality of essential layers, including a first photosensitive silver halide layer and a second photosensitive silver halide layer, said first and second silver halide layers being sensitized to substantially the same spectral absorption range; a spacer layer intermediate and contiguous to said first and second silver halide layers, said spacer layer consisting essentially of inert particles which are substantially non-swelling in alkali, and substantially non-film forming; wherein said inert particles are equal to or less than the average diameter of the silver halide grains in said first and second silver halide layers and wherein said silver halide grains are 2.

Abstract: A dye-forming electrically activatable recording element comprises an electrically conductive support having thereon (a) an electrically activatable recording layer comprising in an electrically conductive polymeric binder, an organic silver salt and a reducing agent, (b) a photoconductive layer separated from (a) by an air gap of up to 20 microns, and (c) an electrically conductive layer on (b), wherein the recording layer (a) comprises in reactive association, (A) a dye-forming coupler, and (B) an oxidation-reduction combination comprising (i) an organic silver salt oxidizing agent, with (ii) a reducing agent which in its oxidized form forms a dye with the dye-forming coupler. The recording element can be room light handleable and can provide a dye image and silver image by dry development processing.

Abstract: An optical information storage medium comprising a thin, optically darkenable film containing silver, lead, chlorine and oxygen, produced by vapor-depositing AgCl and PbO in specified proportions on a substrate for the film, is described.

Abstract: A photosensitive lithographic printing plate precursor comprising a support having a hydrophilic surface and having thereon a non-silver photosensitive layer capable of forming a water-insoluble oleophilic image and a hardened gelatino silver halide photosensitive emulsion layer on the non-silver photosensitive layer.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions comprised of (I) novel polymers which are substantially comprised of the reaction products of (A) organic polyisocyanates and (B) organic compounds containing at least about two active hydrogen atoms per molecule, said polymers having been end-capped by reaction with (C) organic compounds containing exactly one active hydrogen atoms and said end-capped polymers having viscosities of from about 5 to about 70 stokes when measured as a 30% solution in a mixture of approximately equal parts of xylol, methyl ethyl ketone and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, at 25.degree. C., (II) addition polymerization initiators activatable by actinic light, (III) addition polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated components capable of forming polymers by photoinitiated polymerization in the presence of the initiators, and (IV) a natural or synthetic rubber.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a process for making relief-type recordings, in which a layer transfer material comprising a solid photopolymerizable layer on a flexible temporary layer support, is applied to a permanent layer support in such a manner that the photopolymerizable layer is firmly bonded to the latter, the photopolymerizable layer adhering to the permanent layer support is then imagewise exposed, with the temporary layer support being removed before or after exposure, the unexposed layer areas are washed away with a developer, and the surface areas of the permanent support bared by washing are modified by etching or depositing a metal, if required, the improvement which comprises using a photopolymerizable layer which is composed of at least two photopolymerizable partial layers of different compositions.

Abstract: A photographic material containing protein as binding agent is hardened with a compound which contains at least two free vinyl sulfonyl groups in the molecule and which is a bisulfite addition product of a compound containing up to 6 vinyl sulfonyl groups.

Abstract: A photosensitive medium suitable for storing positive images and a method of using it are provided, the medium being a multilayer film comprising SnO.sub.2 and doped silver chloride and the method comprising an exposure step for negative imaging and a heating step for image reversal.