Abstract: A method is disclosed of preparing of a photographic silver halide emulsion comprising precipitating in one or more precipitation steps in a reaction vessel, followed by desalting by means of flocculation and washing or by means of ultrafiltration, said emulsion comprising gelatin as a binder and {100} tabular silver halide grains containing at least 50 mole % of chloride, wherein at least 40% by number of all grains is provided by said tabular grains, and wherein said tabular grains exhibit an average aspect ratio of at least 2, an average thickness of at most 0.5 .mu.m, and an average equivalent circular crystal diameter of 0.3 .mu.m or more, characterized in that during said precipitation step(s) said gelatin binder present in said reaction vessel is substantially free of calcium ions and is oxidized to a degree in order to have a methionine content of at most 4000 ppm.

Abstract: Photographically useful radiation-sensitive high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsions containing iodide are disclosed. A high proportion of the {100} tabular grains contain crystal lattice dislocations extending inwardly from their peripheral edges. The dislocations are created by introducing elemental iodine into a high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsion, reducing the iodine to iodide, displacing chloride ions at the peripheral edges of the tabular grains with iodide ions, and then continuing growth of the high chloride {100} tabular grains. The dislocations in the peripheral and, particularly, corner regions of the tabular grains increase their sensitivity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsions containing crystal lattice dislocations in peripheral regions of the tabular grains. In the initial step of the process a radiation-sensitive high chloride {100} tabular grain emulsion is produced to provide host grains. Lateral growth lateral growth of the {100} major surfaces of the tabular grains is extended by precipitating a high chloride peripheral region onto the host tabular grains. After the host grains have been provided an iodide ion source compound with a maximum second order reaction rate constant within the dispersing medium of less than 1.times.10.sup.3 mole.sup.-1 sec.sup.-1 is introduced into the host emulsion to release iodide ions for incorporation into the tabular grains at their peripheral edges by chloride ion displacement. In the resulting emulsion 10 or more crystal lattice dislocations extending inwardly from the peripheral edges of the {100} tabular grains are observed.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion in which in silver halide tabular grains having dislocation lines in a peripheral portion of a grain, no reduction sensitization is essentially performed before introduction of dislocation lines is started and reduction sensitization is performed after introduction of dislocation lines is started and before grain formation is completed, or a silver halide emulsion in which grain formation is performed in a silver nucleus stabilizing ambience and reduction sensitization is performed in the silver nucleus stabilizing ambience, and a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using this emulsion.

Abstract: A process of preparing a high bromide {100} tabular grain emulsion is disclosed wherein mean ECD of the tabular grains obtained at the conclusion of ripening is controlled by the use of chloride ion. Specifically, both the concentration of chloride ion introduced before grain nucleation and the proportion of chloride ion and bromide ion present during nucleation are shown to allow control of final mean grain ECD in the fully ripened emulsion.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silver halide photographic element comprising a silver halide emulsion precipitated and/or chemically sensitized in the presence of an sulfenimide compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein M represents the atoms necessary to form, with R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, a five or six-membered ring or a multiple ring system; w is 1 or 0, wherein when w is 0, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic groups, and when w is 1, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently carbonyl or sulfonyl groups; R.sup.3 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group and x is 0 or 1.

Abstract: Dual-coated radiographic elements are disclosed employing thin tabular grain emulsions that exhibit increased covering power and colder image tones by limiting hydrophilic colloid coating coverages in the thin tabular grain emulsion layers to less than 15 mg/dm.sup.2.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light sensitive material is disclosed, comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains tabular silver halide grains having an average iodide content of 1.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver bromide complex is used as a single source precursor for nucleation of silver bromide crystals.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light sensitive material is disclosed, comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer comprising a silver halide emulsion, wherein the silver halide emulsion comprises silver halide grains having an average iodide content of 0 to 1 mol %, at least 50% of total grain projected area is accounted for by tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 2 to 20; and the silver halide grains being spectrally sensitized with a sensitizing dye represented by the following formula (1) or (2): ##STR1##

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver chloro-iodide complex is used as a single source precursor for iodide incorporation in silver chloride crystals.

Abstract: A process of preparing a photothermographic composition of enhanced photosensitivity is disclosed comprised of (a) precipitating light-sensitive silver halide grains in the presence of a non-aqueous polymeric peptizer and (b) then combining the silver halide grains with an oxidation-reduction image-forming combination comprised of an organic silver compound and a reducing agent for the silver organic compound. Light-sensitivity of the silver halide grains is enhanced by, prior to step (b), sensitizing the silver halide grains with a gold sensitizer dissolved in an aqueous medium.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of precipitating a high chloride {100} tabular grain photographic emulsion in which iodide incorporation in previously formed grain nuclei is relied upon to create the crystal lattice defects responsible for tabular grain growth. Undesirable dilution of the emulsion is avoided by replacing soluble iodide salt solution addition with iodine solution addition, allowing the volume of the iodine solution to be limited to less than 10 percent of the emulsion volume at the conclusion of tabular grain growth.

Abstract: A dimethylamine silver chloride complex is used as a single source precursor for nucleation of silver chloride crystals.

Abstract: A dimeitylarnine silver bromo-iodide complex is used as a single source precursor for iodide incorporation in silver bromide crystals.

Abstract: A tabular silver halide emulsion having a Cl content of 10% or more, which has high covering power, high sensitivity and low fogging property, prepared by adding fine silver halide grains in an amount corresponding to 20% or more of the total silver amount under the condition of pH 5.5 or more and/or pCl 1.6 or more during the course of growth of crystals after nucleation to allow the crystals to grow, and a photographic material using the same, and further a method for developing the photographic material and an image-forming method.

Abstract: A silver halide grain is disclosed, having one or more chemical sensitization clusters, and a largest size of the clusters being not less than 1.2 nm and less than 4.0 nm in diameter. A silver halide emulsion containing silver halide grains, as above-described and a preparation method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light sensitive material comprising a support having thereon photographic component layers including a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a light insensitive hydrophilic colloid layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer comprises a silver halide emulsion which has been subjected to desalting by ultrafiltration, at least one of the component layers containing a composite material comprising a hydrophobic polymer and inorganic particles.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of tabular silver halide emulsion grains rich in chloride and showing (100) parallel major and an average aspect ratio of at least 2.0 in silica sol as protective colloid binder. Important parameters are the addition modalities of the silica sol and the ratio of its amount to the amount of a costabilizing onium compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solution for forming silver halide emulsions comprising water, a gelatin containing less than 30 micromoles of methionine per gram of gelatin, and at least one antifoamant of Formula I(H.sub.3 C).sub.3 Si--(OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.2).sub.m --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3wherein m is the average number of dimethyl siloxane units.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion contains silver halide grains formed of tabular silver halide grains having dislocations inside the grains, as host grains. A silver halide consisting essentially of silver bromide is epitaxially grown on the host grains.

Abstract: A novel silver halide emulsion containing a dispersing agent and silver halide grains is provided, characterized in that first tabular grains having a (100) plane as a main plane and an aspect ratio (diameter/thickness) of 1.5 or more whose shape on the main plane is a rectangular parallelogram having one to four corners non-equivalently missing account for 10% or more of all silver halide grains calculated in terms of projected area. In a preferred embodiment, 20% or more of the grains other than said first tabular grains calculated in terms of projected area is occupied by second tabular grains having a (100) plane as a main plane, an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more and the shape on the main plane of substantially a rectangular parallelogram.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light sensitive material comprising a support and provided thereon, at least one silver halide emulsion layer comprising tabular silver halide grains having a silver chloride content of not less than 50 mol % and two parallel major {100} faces and a water soluble polymer other than gelatin, wherein chemical sensitization of the silver halide grains is carried out in the presence of said water soluble polymer.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion comprising silver halide grains. In them, 60 or more percent of the total area of all silver halide grains are occupied by tabular silver halide grains having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.6 .mu.m or less, an aspect ratio of 1.5 or more, and having dislocation lines substantially localized only in the fringe portions thereof. Also, 50 or more percent of the number of all silver halide grains are occupied by tabular silver halide grains having 10 or more dislocation lines per grain. In addition, the surface silver iodide content of all silver halide grains is 3 mol % or less when analyzed by X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS).

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion is disclosed, comprising at least a dispersing medium and silver halide grains, wherein at least 60% of the total projected area of silver halide grains is occupied by tabular grains having a crystal defect for anisotropic growth which have a {100} face as a main plane and an aspect ratio (diameter/thickness ratio) of not less than 2.0, and the right-angled parallelogram enclosed with {100} faces at the edges of the tabular grains or a right-angled parallelogram formed by extending the {100} faces at the edges having a slenderness side ratio (a ratio of the length of the long side to that of the short side) of 1 to 6; and said silver halide emulsion is prepared in the presence of a compound A.sup.0 and/or a compound B.sup.0, wherein the compound A.sup.0 represents an organic compound having covalently bonded to an individual molecule thereof at least two molecules of an adsorbable agent which accelerates formation of a {100} face of silver bromide grains, and the compound B.sup.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion comprising silver halide grains is disclosed, in which at least 50% of the total grain projected area is accounted for by tabular grains having a chloride content of 50 mol % or more and two parallel {100} major faces and the tabular grains are formed by causing seed grains to grow, the seed grains being tabular grains having a bromide content of 50 mol % or more, two parallel {100} major faces and an aspect ratio of 2.0 or more.

Abstract: A method for producing a silver halide emulsion containing silver halide grains having a mean grain size of 0.15 .mu.m or less, wherein at least a part or the whole of a silver halide grain formation process is performed in the presence of an imidazole compound.

Abstract: A dual-coated radiographic element is disclosed comprised of a blue tinted film support having coated on each of its faces a spectrally sensitized high bromide tabular grain emulsion. The properties of a maximum density of at least 3.0, an average contrast of at least 2.7, and a b* value more negative than -5.0 at a silver coating coverage on each major surface of the support of less than 12 mg/dm.sup.2, are imparted by (1) the support having a neutral density of at least 0.18, (2) tabular grains accounting for at least 90 percent of total grain projected area having a mean thickness of 0.2 micrometer or less and a coefficient of variation of equivalent circular diameter less than 20 percent, (3) a covering power enhancing compound containing at least one divalent sulfur atom adsorbed to surfaces of the silver halide grains, (4) a water soluble polymer chosen from the class consisting of polyacrylamide and dextran, in a weight ratio of the polymer to the gelatino-vehicle of at least 0.

Abstract: A silver halide black and white photographic light sensitive material comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer containing {100} tabular silver halide grains, which have an average silver chloride content of 50 mol % or more and have been selenium-sensitized in the presence of a purine compound; said silver halide grains further containing silver iodide and a variation coefficient of a silver iodide content of the grains being 30% or less.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide material having a support and at least one layer which is deposited thereon and which contains a polypeptide, at least 90 mole % of which consists of structural units of formula I, ##STR1## where R represents OH, NH.sub.2, NHR.sub.1, NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, NH-- or NR.sub.1 --R.sub.1, R.sub.2 represent a hydrocarbon radical, which is optionally substituted,R.sub.4 represents NH or N--, andm represents 0 or 1,wherein the bond between two structural units of formula I is always an --N--C bond and m is equal to 1 in 2 to 35% of the structural units of formula I, is characterised by improved photographic properties.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive emulsion is disclosed containing iridium doped composite silver halide grains comprised of (a) host portions having an average aspect ratio of less than 1.3 and consisting essentially of monodisperse silver iodochloride grains containing from 0.05 to 3 mole percent iodide, based on total silver forming the host portions, with maximum iodide concentrations located nearer the surface of the host portions than their center and (b) epitaxially deposited portions containing the iridium dopant and silver bromide accounting for from 0.1 to 5 mole percent of total silver forming the composite grains.The emulsions are prepared by (a) first providing an emulsion containing grains which form the host portions of the grains and (b) modifying the performance properties of the host grains by a combination of silver bromide addition, iridium dopant incorporation and antifoggant addition, in which, prior to antifoggant addition, silver bromide in the amount of from 0.1 to 5.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of preparing a photographically useful emulsion containing radiation-sensitive silver iodohalide grains. Silver halide grains having a face centered cubic rock salt crystal lattice structure are precipitated within an aqueous dispersing medium including a hydrophilic colloid peptizer. Iodide ion is introduced into the crystal lattice structure by introducing elemental iodine into the dispersing medium and maintaining the dispersing medium within a pH range of from 5 to 8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silver halide photographic emulsion having improved sensitometric properties; in particular, the present invention relates to a silver halide photographic product comprising this emulsion.The emulsion of the invention comprises tabular grains consisting mainly of silver bromide dispersed in a binder consisting of a hydrophilic colloid and a latex, the emulsion before coating having a pAg between 9.0 and 9.9.The present invention in particular enables the pressure fog to be reduced.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion contains silver iodobromide tabular grains with a quintuple structure in which the amount of silver in a core is 20 to 50% of the total silver amount, the average silver iodide content of the core is 0 to 5 mol %, the amount of silver in a first shell is 5 to 30% of the total silver amount, the average silver iodide content of the first shell is 15 to 40 mol %, the amount of silver in a second shell is 10 to 30% of the total silver amount, the average silver iodide content of the second shell is 0 to 5 mol %, the amount of silver in a third shell is 1 to 10% of the total silver amount, the average silver iodide content of the third shell is 20 to 100 mol %, the amount of silver in a fourth shell is 10 to 40% of the total silver amount, and the average silver iodide content of the fourth shell is 0 to 5 mol %.

Abstract: Tabular gain silver halide emulsions prepared in the presence of a block copolymer selected from the group consisting of:A--B, A--(B--A).sub.m, B--(A--B).sub.m, (A--B).sub.p --X, (B--A).sub.p --X, ?A--(B--A).sub.m !.sub.p --X, and ?B--(A--B).sub.m !.sub.p --Xwhere m is an integer of 1 or more, p is an integer of 3 or more, X represents a p-valent linking group, A represents a poly(tetrahydrofuran) block, and B represents a poly(ethylene oxide) block.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of preparing a photographic emulsion comprised of high bromide silver halide tabular grains accounting for greater than 90 percent of total grain projected area. The grains exhibit a low level of size dispersity by reason of forming in the presence of a dispersing medium containing a polyalkylene oxide block copolymer surfactant a population of silver halide grain nuclei containing twin planes, the halide content of the grain nuclei consisting essentially of silver bromide, and growing the silver halide grain nuclei containing twin planes to form the tabular silver halide grains. Inadvertent variation in tabular grain sizes and thicknesses from one precipitation to the next are minimized by growing the silver halide grain nuclei at a pH in the range of from 3.0 to 8.0 and in the presence of at least a 0.01M concentration of a partially dissociated acid having a pKa that is within 2.

Abstract: A solution containing a dimethylamine silver chloro-iodide complex is added with an antifoggant to a silver chloride emulsion to form a stable AgICl emulsion.

Abstract: The invention is generally accomplished by providing a method of chemical sensitization comprising providing a silver halide emulsion, and adding to the silver halide emulsion aqueous solid particle dispersion of a chemical sensitizing agent having a water and organic solvent insolubility (i.e., 50 mg/100 ml or less), and heating said emulsion wherein said chemical sensitizing agent comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of gold compounds represented by Formula I:{AuS.sub.2 X}.sub.n IwhereinX is PR.sub.2 (dithiophosphinates), P(OR).sub.2 (dithiophosphates), COR (xanthates), CNR.sub.2 (dithiocarbamates), CR (dithiocarboxylates)R is alkyl or aryln=1-6,tellurium compounds represented by Formula II:TeL.sub.n X.sub.2whereinL is thiourea or substituted thiourea,n is 2 or 4,X is Cl, Br, I, OCN, SCN, SeCN, TeCN, or N.sub.3 andFormula IIA ##STR1## wherein X is COR, CSR, CNR.sub.2, CR, CAr, PR.sub.2, P(OR).sub.2, (PR.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: The invention is generally accomplished providing a silver halide emulsion comprising silver halide grains and a gold compound represented by Formula I:{AuS.sub.2 X}.sub.nwhereinX is PR.sub.2 (dithiophosphinates), P(OR).sub.2 (dithiophosphates), COR (xanthates), CNR.sub.2 (dithiocarbamates), CR (dithiocarboxylates)R is alkyl or aryln=1-6.

Abstract: A method for producing a silver halide emulsion comprising high silver chloride tabular grains each having a chloride content of 50 mol % or more and having a major plane comprising a (111) face, which comprises a step for conducting nucleation of said grains substantially in the absence of a crystal phase controlling agent to form grains which have two twin planes parallel with each other and of which most of the surface are (100) faces, a step for ripening said grains by adding a crystal phase controlling agent which adsorbs to the (111) face or a mixture of a crystal phase controlling agent which adsorbs to the (111) face and a protective colloid to reduce the ratio of grains other than the grains having two or more parallel twin planes and then a step for growing with remaining tabular grains having a major plane mainly comprising a (111) face to form tabular grains having a major plane comprising a (111) face.

Abstract: The invention generally provides the apparatus for liquid delivery comprising a syringe pump for reactant delivery and a syringe pump for liquid chase material delivery.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silver halide photographic element for digital exposure comprising a cubical silver chloride emulsion precipitated and/or chemically sensitized in the presence of an aryliodonium compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently H, or aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic groups, alkoxy groups, hydroxy groups, halogen atoms, aryloxy groups, alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, acyl groups, sulfonyl groups, acyloxy groups, carboxyl groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, sulfo groups, alkylsulfoxide or trifluoralkyl groups, or any two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together represent the atoms necessary to form a five or six-membered ring or a multiple ring system;R.sup.4 is a carboxylate salt or 0.sup.- ; w is 0 or 1; and X.sup.- is an anionic counter ion; with the proviso that when R.sup.3 is a carboxyl or sulfo group, w is 0 and R.sup.4 is 0.sup.-.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of forming a silver halide emulsion comprising nucleating silver bromide nuclei while reactive contact with ammonia, a digestion said nuclei, bringing a thioether into reactive contact with said nuclei, growing the nuclei by addition of silver ion, iodide and bromide, wherein during at least the first portion of growth, the pH is maintained at about 9.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of preparing a high bromide tabular grain emulsion comprising (1) in a grain nucleation step creating in a dispersing medium tabular grain nuclei containing parallel twin planes and (2) in a grain growth step subsequently growing the grain nuclei into tabular grains by running into the dispersing medium high bromide silver halide grains having a maximum equivalent circular diameter of less than 40 nm, wherein (a) the high bromide grains are formed prior to the grain nucleation step and then held in the presence of a grain growth restrainer adsorbed to the grain surfaces to inhibit grain ripening and (b) during the growth step the restrainer is desorbed from the high bromide grains and silver and halide ions forming the high bromide grains are released by ripening into the dispersing medium in the growth step.

Abstract: Photographic elements having bromide or iodide ion stabilized high chloride {111} tabular grain emulsions are rapidly processed. The emulsion grains comprise a high chloride core with a surrounding band of higher bromide or iodide ion than that found in the core. The emulsion is precipitated in the presence of an organic grain growth modifier or surface stabilizer. Specific developing conditions of temperature, time, bromide ion concentration, color developing agent concentration and ratio of developing agent to bromide ion allow for the rapid processing of these elements.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive emulsion is disclosed in which at least 70 percent of total grain projected area is accounted for by tabular grains (a) having {100} major faces, (b) containing greater than 50 mole percent chloride, based on silver, (c) having a mean equivalent circular diameter in the range of from 2.0 to 5.0 .mu.m, and (d) exhibiting a mean thickness of 0.1 .mu.m or less.The emulsion is prepared by (a) precipitating up to 10 percent of the total silver forming the high chloride {100} tabular grains to create a first grain population under conditions that form a crystal lattice structure that favors the growth of high chloride {100} tabular grains, (b) thereafter rapidly introducing silver and halide ions to create a second grain population, and (c) growing the first grain population to create the high chloride {100} tabular grains by ripening out the second grain population.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material is disclosed, comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer containing silver halide grains having a variation coefficient of grain size of 20% or less and at least 50% of the total grain projected area is accounted for by tabular grains having an aspect ratio of 5 or more; and the silver halide grains having an average silver iodide content of 4 mol % or more and a distinct core/shell structure comprising a core portion having a silver iodide content of 15 mol % or less, a shell portion having a silver iodide content of 8 mol % or more, and a surface phase having a silver iodide content higher than the average silver iodide content.

Abstract: A process of preparing a photographic emulsion having radiation-sensitive silver iodohalide grains. Iodide is introduced into the grains by releasing iodide ions from iodate (IO.sub.3.sup.-). Release of iodide ions from the IO.sub.3.sup.- is employed to enhance the uniformity of iodide availability during emulsion preparation, either during grain precipitation or subsequent halide conversion. The process of the invention is in one preferred form directed to the partial halide conversion of tabular grains. A speed-granularity advantage is demonstrated.

Abstract: Radiation sensitive emulsions are disclosed comprised of silver iodochloride grains having three pairs of equidistantly spaced parallel {100} crystal faces and containing from 0.05 to 3 mole percent iodide, based on total silver, in a controlled, non-uniform iodide distribution forming a core containing at least 50 percent of total silver, a surface shell, and a sub-surface shell that contains a maximum iodide concentration and provides, when the emulsion is exposed to 390 nm electromagnetic radiation at 10.degree. K., stimulated fluorescent emissions in the range of from 450 to 470 nm and at 500, the stimulated fluorescent emission in the range of from 450 to 470 nm having a peak intensity more than twice the stimulated fluorescent emission intensity at 500 nm.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion is disclosed, which comprises core/shell type tabular silver halide grains having a diameter/thickness ratio of at least 2 and (111) faces as parallel main planes; wherein at least 30%, on a projected area basis, of the total silver halide grains are tabular grains which contain in their individual shells at least 15 dislocation lines reaching to the grain edges from the interface of the core and the shell and have the ratio of the shell part containing dislocation lines to the core, on a projected area basis, in the range shown as the shaded part in FIG. 1, thereby ensuring high sensitivity and high sharpness.