Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member containing a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer, and wherein the charge transport layer is comprised of an arylamine containing a moiety that minimizes oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a photoconductive layer, a protective layer, and a conductive support, wherein the protective layer is disposed as the outermost layer of the photoconductive layer, and 20% by volume to 60% by volume of fine particles of fluorine-contained resin and at least one compound selected from amine aromatic compounds and hydroxy aromatic compounds are incorporated into the protective layer. According to the present invention, high durability may be achieved, image degradation such as lags may be controlled from the increase of residual potential and decrease of charging, and high quality images may be formed stably even after the prolonged and repeated usage. The present invention also relates to an electrophotographic process, an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for the electrophotographic apparatus which utilize the electrophotographic photoconductor respectively.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a multilayer type electrophotographic photoconductor capable of stably obtaining a high image quality image over a long term by restraining the exposure memory and the photo memory, and an image forming apparatus comprising such a multilayer type electrophotographic photoconductor. A multilayer type electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a charge generating layer containing at least a charge generating agent on a base member directly or via an intermediate layer, and a charge transporting layer containing at least a charge transporting agent and a binder resin formed successively, wherein the light absorption degree at a 680 nm wavelength light beam in the photoconductive layer of the multilayer type electrophotographic photoconductor is of a value of 0.8 or less, and the light absorption degree at a 450 nm wavelength light beam is of a value of 1.

Abstract: A charge transporting substance having three stilbene structures or butadiene structures in a molecule, represented by the following general formula is used as an organic photoconductive material. An electrophotographic photoconductor is prepared by causing a photosensitive layer which is disposed on a conductive support, to contain the organic photoconductive material in order to dispose the photoconductor to an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An organic photoconductive material which is useful as a raw material compound for a variety of functional materials and makes it possible to implement an electrophotoconductor which is excellent in terms of the charge transporting performance, excellent in terms of dissolution in solvents and compatibility with resins, and excellent in terms of both the electrical properties and durability is provided. An example is an asymmetric bishydroxy compound which can be represented by the following structural formula (1aa). This compound is contained in a charge transforming layer 4 or a surface protective layer 5 of an electrophotoconductor 18. As a result, an electrophotoconductor 18 which is excellent in terms of the electrical properties and durability and can stably form high quality images without image defects such as black dots can be implemented.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer which includes a titanyl phthalocyanine crystal having a major absorption peak at a wavelength of 780 nm±10 nm and a minor absorption peak having an intensity of ¾ or less of the major absorption peak at 690 nm±10 nm in the visible-infrared absorption spectrum and a distyryl compound having a predetermined structure. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus employing the electrophotographic photoreceptor is also provided. The electrophotographic photoreceptor and the electrophotographic image forming apparatus have good photosensitivity and charging properties and good stability over repeated charging obtained by using an optimum combination of a new crystal type of a highly photosensitive titanyl phthalocyanine and a distyryl compound which is a charge transporting material that is compatible with the titanyl phthalocyanine.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method is disclosed in which toner has a number ratio of toner particles having a shape coefficient of 1.2 to 1.6 being at least 65 percent, a variation coefficient of the shape coefficient of 4 to 16%, and a number variation coefficient in the toner number particle size distribution of 8 to 27 percent, and charge generation material used in the photoreceptor contains a mixture compound represented by Formula 1 in which n has a range of distribution and (x+y) is not more than 99% when x represents the ratio of a component having the largest content and y represents the ratio of a component having the second content, X-(CTM-group)n-Y:??Formula (1) CTM-group is a charge transfer group; X and Y are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a mono-valent organic group; and n is an integer of from 0 to 10.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a support, an interlayer containing inorganic particle and a photosensitive layer is disclosed. The photosensitive layer contains a mixture of compounds represented by Formula (1) having different n and (Rp+Rs) is not more than 99%, wherein Rp is a ratio of a component having the maximum content in the mixture and Rs is a ratio of a component having the content next to the maximum content in percent. X—(CTM-group)n—Y ??(1) In the formula, CTM-group is a charge transfer group; X and Y are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a mono-valent organic group; and n is an integer of from 0 to 10, provided that n is an integer of from 1 to 10 when both X and Y are hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. A processing cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a support and a photosensitive layer is disclosed. The photosensitive layer contains a mixture of compounds represented by Formula (1) having different n and (Rp+Rs) is not more than 99%, wherein Rp is a ratio of a component having the maximum content in the mixture and Rs is a ratio of a component having the content next to the maximum content in percent. X—(CTM-group)n—Y??(1) In the formula, CTM-group is a charge transfer group; X and Y are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a mono-valent organic group; and n is an integer of from 0 to 10, provided that n is an integer of from 1 to 10 when both X and Y are hydrogen atom or a halogen atom. A processing cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An imaging member having a charge transport layer with multiple regions or layers is provided. The charge transport layer includes at least two charge transport layers coated from solutions of different components and concentrations, wherein the second (top) transport layer comprises a lower concentration of different charge transport compound than the first (bottom) charge transport layer. The charge transport compound included in the second (top) charge transport layer is a high mobility hole transport compound. The charge transport compound in each layer is dissolved or molecularly dispersed in an electrically inactive film forming polymer to form a solid solution. In such a construction, the resulting dual charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improves wear resistance, provides excellent imaging member electrical performance, and delivers improved print quality.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising an alignment layer; and chemically bound to said alignment layer, a transport material. Also provided are methods for forming the liquid crystal alignment layer and the use thereof in displays for electronic apparatus.

Abstract: According to the present invention is an electrophotographic imaging member which is a thin dual layer structure comprising a top layer of a durable and wear-resistant layer and a bottom layer which is bipolar. The electrophotographic imaging member of the invention may be top surface charge generating or bottom surface charge generating and in either case has an overall negative charging mode of operation.

Abstract: A multi-layered electrophotographic positively charged organic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, a charge transport layer formed on the conductive substrate, and a charge generating layer formed on the charge transport layer. A composition to form the charge transport layer includes at least one hole transport material, a binder resin and an organic solvent, and a composition to form the charge generating layer includes a charge generating material, a binder resin, an organic solvent and a hole transport material. An organic photoconductor has improved static electrical properties by controlling interfacial conditions of the charge transport layer and the charge generating layer. The charge generating layer may be readily coated on the charge transport layer. In addition, the organic photoconductor has excellent electric properties such as an improved sensitivity and a low discharge voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a polyarylate having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1): wherein X represents a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, or a biphenylene group, as a binder resin. The polyarylate is contained in the amount of 30% by weight or more based on the entire binder resin. The electrophotosensitive material of the present invention have improved wear resistance and gas resistance while reconciling both characteristics, and thus longer life has been achieved.

Abstract: A single layered electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a photosensitive layer having at least a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, an electron transporting material, and a binder on a conductive support. The photosensitive layer includes a peculiar charge transfer complex (CT-complex) formed by the hole transporting material and the electron transporting material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The charge transport material comprising a mixture of stereoisomers as a charge transport material and glass transition point Tgb of the binder resin of the charge transport layer and glass transition point Tg1 of the charge transport layer satisfy 100° C.<Tg1 <Tgb (both Tgb and Tg1 in ° C.). An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which the increase of VL is controlled below 15 V by controlling the content ratio M (ppm) of a charge transporting material CTM2 to a charge transporting material CTM1 within a specific range, wherein the ionization potential Ip(2) of the CTM2 is smaller than the ionization potential Ip(1) of the CTM1 in the constituent of the photosensitive layer, and thereby the electrophotographic photoreceptor has only a little reduction of image concentration. A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having ?VL which is controlled below 15 V, wherein, in a case where the ionization potential of the charge transporting material used in the previous run of production is small, ?VL can be set below 15 V by using, in the next production, a dip coating liquid, which comprises, as a constitutive material, a charge transporting material in which the difference between the ionization potential of the current material and that of the previous material is set below 0.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor which includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer including a charge generation material and a charge transport material and located overlying the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer including an inorganic filler having an average particle diameter (d) and a binder resin; and an imagewise light irradiator configured to irradiate the photoreceptor with a laser light beam having a wavelength of (&lgr;) to form a light spot having a diameter (L) in the minor axis direction thereof on a surface of the photoreceptor, wherein the relationship 0.1<3.75×10−3L/&lgr;<d/&lgr;<0.5 is satisfied. An image forming method is also provided which includes irradiating a surface of the photoreceptor with a laser beam such that the above-mentioned relationship is satisfied.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a support and a photosensitive layer is disclosed. The photosensitive layer contains a mixture of compounds represented by Formula (1) having different n and (Rp+Rs) is not more than 99%, wherein Rp is a ratio of a component having the maximum content in the mixture and Rs is a ratio of a component having the content next to the maximum content in percent.

Abstract: An imaging member having a charge transport layer with multiple regions or layers is provided. The charge transport layer includes at least two charge transport layers coated from solutions of different components and concentrations, wherein the second (top) transport layer comprises a lower concentration of different charge transport compound than the first (bottom) charge transport layer. The charge transport compound included in the second (top) charge transport layer is a high mobility hole transport compound. The charge transport compound in each layer is dissolved or molecularly dispersed in an electrically inactive film forming polymer to form a solid solution. In such a construction, the resulting dual charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improves wear resistance, provides excellent imaging member electrical performance, and delivers improved print quality.

Abstract: A multi-layered electrophotographic positively charged organic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, a charge transport layer formed on the conductive substrate, and a charge generating layer formed on the charge transport layer. A composition to form the charge transport layer includes at least one hole transport material, a binder resin and an organic solvent, and a composition to form the charge generating layer includes a charge generating material, a binder resin, an organic solvent and a hole transport material. An organic photoconductor has improved static electrical properties by controlling interfacial conditions of the charge transport layer and the charge generating layer. The charge generating layer may be readily coated on the charge transport layer. In addition, the organic photoconductor has excellent electric properties such as an improved sensitivity and a low discharge voltage.

Abstract: The invention is to provide an organic photoconductive material capable of realizing electrophotographic photoreceptors of high reliability that have high charge potential, high sensitivity, good responsiveness to light and good durability, of which the characteristics do not lower even when they are driven at low temperatures or at high speed and even when they are exposed to light, and to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that comprises the material and an image-forming apparatus. An organic photoconductive material of the following general formula (1), for example, an enamine compound of the following structural formula (1-1) is produced. Using the organic photoconductive material for the charge-transporting substance to be in a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, an electrophotographic photoreceptor is fabricated, and this is mounted on an image-forming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a polyallylate having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1): 1

Abstract: A double-layered positively-charged organic photoreceptor t does not suffer from contamination caused by charge transport compounds that dissolve out during coating of a charge generating layer, and in which the charge generating layer and a charge transport layer have suitable interfacial properties for effective charge transfer. The composition that forms a charge transport layer on an electroconductive support contains a first charge transport compound that is soluble in an acetate solvent, a second charge transport compound that is insoluble in an acetate solvent, a binder resin, and an organic solvent. The method of manufacturing the photoreceptor includes: coating a surface of an electroconductive support with the charge transport layer forming composition and drying the surface to form a charge transport layer; and coating a surface of the charge transport layer with a charge generating layer forming composition and drying the surface to form a charge generating layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has at least a photoconductor, a charger, and an irradiator for irradiating a light for optically writing in on the photoconductor to form a latent electrostatic image using a process for electrophotography in which a resolution of the optical writing in operation is 1200 dpi or more. Further, the optical writing operation is performed using a laser beam having a diameter of 35 &mgr;m or less. The photoconductor is provided with at least a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting substance. The charge transporting layer has a carrier mobility of 1×10−5 cm2·V−1·sec−1 or more under an electric field of 3×10−5 V·cm−1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an electroconductive substrate. A charge generation layer overlies the electroconductive substrate. A first charge transport layer overlying the charge generation layer includes a first charge transport material (D1) and a first binder resin (R1). A second charge transport layer overlying the first charge transport layer includes a filler, a second charge transport material (D2) and a second binder resin (R2). The first and second charge transport layers have a total thickness of from 5 to 25 &mgr;m. A weight ratio (D1/R1) of the first charge transport material (D1) to the first binder resin (R1) in the first charge transport layer is greater than a weight ratio (D2/R2) of the second charge transport material (D2) to the second binder resin (R2) in the second charge transport layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor which includes an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer including a charge generation material and a charge transport material and located overlying the electroconductive substrate, and a protective layer including an inorganic filler having an average particle diameter (d) and a binder resin; and an imagewise light irradiator configured to irradiate the photoreceptor with a laser light beam having a wavelength of (&lgr;) to form a light spot having a diameter (L) in the minor axis direction thereof on a surface of the photoreceptor, wherein the relationship 0.1<3.75×10−3L/&lgr;<d/&lgr;<0.5 is satisfied. An image forming method is also provided which includes irradiating a surface of the photoreceptor with a laser beam such that the above-mentioned relationship is satisfied.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which the increase of VL is controlled below 15 V by controlling the content ratio M (ppm) of a charge transporting material CTM2 to a charge transporting material CTM1 within a specific range, wherein the ionization potential Ip(2) of the CTM2 is smaller than the ionization potential Ip(1) of the CTM1 in the constituent of the photosensitive layer, and thereby the electrophotographic photoreceptor has only a little reduction of image concentration.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate and a photoreceptive layer, which is formed overlying the substrate, wherein the photoreceptive layer includes a charge carrier generation layer including a charge carrier generation material and a charge carrier transport layer including a charge carrier transport material, and wherein when an electric field of from 2.5×105 V/cm to 5.5×105 V/cm is applied to the charge carrier transport layer, the relationship, tCTL/&mgr;CTL≦1.5×103 V·s/m, is satisfied, wherein tCTL represents a thickness of the charge carrier transport layer and &mgr;CTL represents a charge mobility of the charge carrier transport layer.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a novel reaction product useful as an organic photoconductive material for electrophotographic photoconductors.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotosensitive material comprising an organic photosensitive layer and an inorganic surface protective layer, wherein at least an outermost part of the organic photosensitive layer contains a diphenylamine compound represented by a formula (1): 1

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds useful in electrophotographic photoreceptors as charge-transporting materials having good miscibility with binder polymers and capable of forming a thin stable organic film having a high concentration; and an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the same. The compounds are bis(3,4-methylenedioxyphenylamino) derivatives represented by general formula (1): wherein Ar1 and Ar2 each is an optionally substituted aryl group and Ar3 is a phenylene group or an optionally substituted biphenylene group.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to improve the photosensitivity characteristics, characteristics on repeated use and stability of a photoreceptor. A photosensitive layer formed on a conductive support of a photoreceptor contains crystalline oxotitanylphthalocyanine having major peaks in an X-ray diffraction spectrum at Bragg angles (2&thgr;±0.2°) of 7.3°, 9.4°, 9.6°, 11.6°, 13.3°, 17,9°, 24.1° and 27.2°, wherein a peak bundle formed by overlapping the peaks at 9.4° and 9.6° is the largest peak, and the peak at 27.2° is the secondary largest peak as a charge generating substance. Furthermore, it contains a bisamine compound, an N,N′-bisenamine compound, a styryl compound, an amine-hydrazone compound, a benzofuran-bishydrazone compound, a bisenamine compound, a benzofuran-bishydrazone compound or a benzofuran-bis-cyclic hydrazone compound represented by the particular structural formulae as a charge transporting substance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus which use the same photosensitive member, and process for producing the same photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member, includes a support and photosensitive layer thereon, wherein said photosensitive layer contains at least one of a hole-transporting compound with two or more chain-polymerizing functional groups in the same molecule and the compound hardened by polymerizing or cross-linking the above hole-transporting compound.