Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer overlayed thereon is provided. The charge transport layer has a lower surface and an upper surface, wherein the lower surface is in contiguous contact with the charge generating layer. The charge transport layer comprises a film forming polymer binder and a charge transport compound molecularly dispersed or dissolved therein to form a solid solution. The concentration of the charge transport compound in the charge transport layer decreases from the lower surface to the upper surface. In such a construction, the resulting charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improved wear resistance, excellent imaging member electrical performance, and improved copy print out quality.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer thereon, the protective layer comprising a crosslinked film having a phenolic structure, in which the relationship between a pH of the exfoliated protective layer extracted with distilled water (pHOCL) and a pH of said distilled water (pHw) satisfies the following formula (A):pHOCL?pHW?0.5.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor, comprises a conductive base, a charge generating lager and a charge transport layer, wherein the charge generating lager and the charge transport layer are provided in this order on the conductive base, wherein when a curve is drawn by plotting integrated-values of a detected current in terms of time in measurement of transient photocurrent by TOF (time of flight) measurement with an electric field intensity of 10V/?m , crossing angle ? of two tangent lines tangent to the curve is 15° to 45°; and the charge transport lager has a film thickness of 20 to 35 ?m.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, the photosensitive layer containing a polyester resin which is a copolymerized polyester resin having at least two different types of repeating ester structure (A) each comprising a bivalent phenol residue represented by invention formula (1) and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue represented by invention formula (3), and a repeating ester structure (B) comprising a bivalent phenol residue represented by invention formula (2) and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid residue represented by invention formula (3):

Abstract: In imaging member comprising a charge generating layer, a charge transport layers and an optional barrier layer between the charge generating layer and the charge transport layer. The charge transport layer may comprise a first and a second or more layers, wherein the first layer comprises a film-forming polymer having hole-transporting capability, but does not contain charge transport molecules.

Abstract: A composition comprised of a charge transport compound and a crosslinked polymer composition generated from the curing of a solution of a hydroxyl pendant polycarbonate, a hydroxylated charge transport compound, a curing agent and a solvent.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member includes a substrate, hole blocking layer, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer, wherein the charge transport layer is formed in a sol-gel process. The charge transport layer includes an in situ formed organic-inorganic composite, and exhibits increased wear resistant and retains excellent electrical properties.

Abstract: A charge transport layer composition for a photoreceptor includes at least a binder and a charge transport material of about 100% to about 40% by weight of a total of the charge transport layer N,N-dimethylphenyl)-4-biphenylamine and about 0% to about 60% N,N?-dephenyl-N,N?-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1?-biphenyl)-4,4?-diamine, and wherein the total charge transport material in the composition is 48% or less of the total solids of the composition. The charge transport layer forms a layer of a photoreceptor, which also includes an optional anti-curl layer, a substrate, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and optionally one or more overcoat or protective layers.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate, and at least one layer, which contains a polymeric compound having a repeating unit selected from repeating units represented by the following general formulas (I) to (III), provided on the conductive substrate, as well as an electrophotographic process cartridge and an image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor. In general formulas (I) to (III), R1a and R1b each independently represent an alkylene group, X represents an arylene group or an alkylene group, Y represents a divalent aromatic group, and n represents a repeating unit number.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor in which at least a photosensitive layer is provided above an electroconductive substrate, the outermost surface layer of the electroconductive substrate contains at least an inorganic filler, a binder resin, and an aliphatic polyester, or, alternatively, the outermost surface layer of the electroconductive substrate contains at least an inorganic filler and a binder resin and the binder resin is a copolymer polyarylate having an alkylene-arylcarboxylate structural unit, also an image forming method, image forming apparatus, and image forming apparatus processing unit in which the electrophotographic photoreceptor is used.

Abstract: A polyimide-containing liquid crystal alignment treating agent having a structure of the formula (I) incorporated therein, wherein Q is a single bond or a divalent organic group, R1 to R4 represent aromatic groups, and R1 to R4 may be the same as, or different from, one another.

Abstract: According to the present invention is an electrophotographic imaging member which is a thin dual layer structure comprising a top layer of a durable and wear-resistant layer and a bottom layer which is bipolar. The electrophotographic imaging member of the invention may be top surface charge generating or bottom surface charge generating and in either case has an overall negative charging mode of operation.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer containing a binder and a fluoropolymer generated by the free radical polymerization of a fluoroalkyl(methyl)acrylate and an alkyl(methyl)acrylate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a polyarylate having a repeating unit represented by the general formula (1): wherein X represents a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, or a biphenylene group, as a binder resin. The polyarylate is contained in the amount of 30% by weight or more based on the entire binder resin. The electrophotosensitive material of the present invention have improved wear resistance and gas resistance while reconciling both characteristics, and thus longer life has been achieved.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided: an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a support in which a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises an acrylic polymer having a polyfluoroolefin unit and an alkylene oxide unit, and having a number-average molecular weight in a range of 2,000 to 20,000; a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus both comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor for wet development including an electrically conductive substrate, and an organic photosensitive layer formed on the electrically conductive substrate, wherein a surface layer of the organic photosensitive layer includes at least a binder resin comprising a polymer compound and a charge transport material comprising a low molecule compound, the surface layer having an oxygen gas permeation coefficient of 5×10?13 cm3 (STP)*cm/s*cm2*cmHg or less. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has high durability for liquid developer used in a wet development technique and can produce good image characteristics.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor has an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon containing as an effective component an aromatic polycarbonate resin having a structural unit of formula (2) and a structural unit with charge transporting properties, each of the structural units being contained in an amount of 5 wt. % or more of the total weight of the polycarbonate resin. There is disclosed an aromatic polycarbonate resin having a structural unit of formula (1) and the structural unit of formula (2), with the relationship between the composition ratios being 0<k/(k+j)<1 when the composition ratio of the structural unit (1) is k and that of the structural unit (2) is j, or an aromatic polycarbonate resin having a repeat unit of formula (3). The formulas (1) to (3) are specified in the specification.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor has an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer which is formed thereon and contains at least one resin of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, or a polycarbonate resin, each resin having at least a structural unit of formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3, a, b, and n are the same as those specified in the specification. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus and method, and a process cartridge employ the above photoconductor.

Abstract: A charge transport layer for an imaging member comprising a first and second charge transport layer wherein the second charge transport layer comprises a charge transport component, a hindered phenol covalently bonded to a polymer, and an additional polymer binder other than the polymer containing the hindered phenol. The charge transport layer exhibits excellent wear resistance, excellent electrical performance, and excellent print quality.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer and a charge transport layer, and wherein the charge transport layer contains a polymeric solid acid.

Abstract: A single layered electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a photosensitive layer having at least a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, an electron transporting material, and a binder on a conductive support. The photosensitive layer includes a peculiar charge transfer complex (CT-complex) formed by the hole transporting material and the electron transporting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic photoreceptor unit that has a conductive base unit, a charge generating layer formed on the conductive base unit, a first charge transport layer that is formed on the charge generating layer and contains a first bonding resin and a first charge transport material, and a second charge transport layer that is formed on the first charge transport layer and contains a second bonding resin including denatured polycarbonate resin, fluorine resin particles and a second charge transport material, wherein the content of the second charge transport material relative to the second bonding resin is larger than the content of the first charge transport material relative to the first bonding resin.

Abstract: An imaging member having a charge transport layer is provided. The charge transport layer includes a plurality of charge transport layers coated from solutions of similar or different compositions or concentrations, wherein the upper or additional transport layer(s) comprise a lower concentration of charge transport compound than the first (bottom) charge transport layer. The charge transport compound included in the first (bottom) charge transport layer may either be the same or different from that included in the additional charge transport layers. The charge transport compound in one or more of the layers is dissolved or molecularly dispersed in an electrically inactive polymer material to form a solid solution. In such a construction, the resulting charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improves wear resistance, provides excellent imaging member electrical performance, and delivers improved print quality.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer containing at least one of a charge-transporting material and conductive particles and a polymer obtained by polymerizing at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyhydroxymethylbisphenol monomer having a specific structure, a polyhydroxymethylbisphenol oligomer having a specific structure, a polyhydroxymethyltrisphenol monomer having a specific structure and a polyhydroxymethyltrisphenol oligomer having a specific structure; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A charge transport layer for an imaging member comprising a charge transport layer wherein the charge transport layer is coated in two passes and wherein the second pass comprises the application of a charge transport component and a hindered phenol covalently bonded to a polymer. The charge transport layer exhibits excellent wear resistance, excellent electrical performance, and excellent print quality.

Abstract: A multiple number of image forming stations are provided for multiple development colors including black. Each station having a photoreceptor. Each one of the photoreceptors has a charge transport layer including a binder resin that is a blend of at least two kinds of resins. The blended ration of at least two kinds of binder resins for the photoreceptor for black is made different from that of the binder resins for the photoreceptors for the other development colors. The photoreceptor for black presents a greater abrasion resistance than the photoreceptors for the other development colors. This structure makes it possible to use all the photoreceptors for back and colors, for and within, a concurrent period.

Abstract: An imaging member having a charge transport layer with multiple regions is provided. The charge transport layer includes a plurality of charge transport layers coated from solutions of similar or different compositions or concentrations, wherein at least the top or uppermost transport layer comprises a lower concentration of charge transport compound than the first (bottom) charge transport layer. The charge transport compound included in the first (bottom) charge transport layer may either be of the same or different compounds from that included in the top or additional charge transport layer(s). The charge transport compound present in each layer may be dissolved or molecularly dispersed in an electrically inactive polymer material to form a solid solution. In such a construction, the resulting charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improves wear resistance, provides excellent imaging member electrical performance, and delivers improved print quality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a surface layer excellent in adhesiveness and abrasion resistance, having a hardness and a toughness, and not degrading the charge transport property. One aspect of the present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein a surface layer of the photosensitive member contains a crosslinked epoxy-modified resol type phenolic resin, and at least one of a charge transport material and a conductive fine particle.

Abstract: A member including for example, a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer comprising a poly(phenylsilsesquioxane), molecule, and a film forming binder.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor has an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer which is formed thereon and contains at least one resin of a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, or a polycarbonate resin, each resin having at least a structural unit of formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3, a, b, and n are the same as those specified in the specification. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus and method, and a process cartridge employ the above photoconductor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image-forming method and a image-forming device, wherein a specific photosensitive member, an exposing process and a toner are adopted in combination.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a charge transport material having the formula ?where n is an integer between 2 and 6, inclusive; R1 and R2 are, independently, H, halogen, carboxyl, hydroxyl, thiol, cyano, nitro, aldehyde group, ketone group, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, an alkyl group, an alkaryl group, or an aryl group; X is a linking group having the formula —(CH2)m—, branched or linear, where m is an integer between 0 and 20, inclusive, and one or more of the methylene groups can be optionally replaced by O, S, C?O, O?S?O, urethane, urea, an ester group, a NR3 group, a CHR4 group, or a CR5R6 group where R3, R4, R5, and R6 are, independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkaryl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aryl group; Y comprises a bond, C, N, O, S, a branched or linear —(CH2)p— group where p is an integer between 0 and 1

Abstract: A double-layered positively-charged organic photoreceptor has a charge transport layer with effective adhesion to an electroconductive support and effective resistance against dissolving when in contact with a hydrocarbon-based solvent of a wet developer. Therefore, the double-layered positively-charged organic photoreceptor requires neither anodizing on the electroconductive support nor an additional adhesive layer, and is compatible with wet developing methods. The double-layered positively-charged organic photoreceptor includes: an electroconductive support; a charge transport layer formed on a surface of the electroconductive support and including a charge transport material for transporting holes, a polycarbonate-based first binder resin, and a second binder resin of a polyester copolymer with a biphenylfluorene group; and a charge generating layer formed on the surface of the charge transport layer.

Abstract: A multi-active electrophotographic charge generation element comprises a conductive support, a charge generation layer (CGL) disposed on the conductive support, and a charge transport layer (CTL) disposed on the charge generation layer. The charge generation layer (CGL) includes a charge-generation material comprising an aggregated or crystalline form of a first dye or pigment and a first polymeric binder. The charge transport layer (CTL) comprises at least one charge-transport agent, a second dye or pigment having absorption in a selected spectral region that at least partially overlaps the absorption of a dissolved non-aggregated or non-crystalline form of the first dye or pigment, and a second polymeric binder. The second dye or pigment in the charge transport layer absorbs radiation in the selected spectral region that is incident on the charge transport layer, thereby shielding the charge generation layer from that radiation and mitigating visible radiation-induced photofatigue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible electrostatographic imaging member. The electrostatographic imaging member contains an optically transparent thermoplastic anti-curl back coating, which enables the imaging member to maintain desirable structural flatness, mechanical robustness, flexibility, longevity, and copy image qualities over extended use. The present invention also relates to a process of fabricating a flexible electrostatographic imaging member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member for electrophotography which comprises a electroconductive support and one or more layers that include a photosensitive layer formed on the surface of the electroconductive support, wherein the outermost layer comprises binder resin, fluororesin particles A and fluororesin particles B.

Abstract: A charge transport layer for an imaging member comprising a dual charge transport layer and wherein the charge transport layers comprise a photogenerating layer; (1) a first charge transport layer comprised of a charge transport component and a resin binder; and thereover and in contact with the first layer; (2) a second top charge transport layer comprised of a charge transport component, a resin binder and a hindered phenol dopant. The charge transport layer exhibits, excellent electrical performance, outstanding print quality and reduces the diffusion of the anti-oxidant into the charge generator layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The charge transport material comprising a mixture of stereoisomers as a charge transport material and glass transition point Tgb of the binder resin of the charge transport layer and glass transition point Tg1 of the charge transport layer satisfy 100° C.<Tg1 <Tgb (both Tgb and Tg1 in ° C.). An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging method, wherein a liquid developer directly contacts an electrophotographic organic photoreceptor to develop an image, utilizes a binder contained in a surface layer of the organic photoreceptor that comprises a polyester resin having a main chain of a biphenylfluorene repeating unit. Since the organic photoreceptor has effective initial electrostatic characteristics and experiences little change in electrostatic characteristics before and after soaking in a solvent for a liquid developer, even when the liquid developer directly contacts an organic photoreceptor, the organic photoreceptor is not eroded by the solvent, and the developer is not contaminated. Therefore, stable development can be performed.

Abstract: Electrophotographic photoreceptors having improved mechanical properties, electrical properties with excellent response characteristics are prepared by forming a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains a binder resin, which may be a polyarylate or a copolymer of polyarylate. The binder resin may be mixed with other resins up to 50 wt % with other resins to impove surface slip properties or fire retardant properties.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of an optional supporting substrate, an optional blocking layer, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer, and wherein said charge transport layer comprises a crosslinked polycarbonate component containing a repeating segment of the formula wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl with from about 1 to about 15 carbons optionally further containing one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, silicon, and phosphorus, or aryl; R2 represents a divalent linkage; Ar3 and Ar4 each independently represent aromatic groups; R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl; and optionally wherein R3 and R4 form a combined ring structure; and wherein x and y represent the mole fractions of the repeating segments.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, and optionally a protective layer overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein an outermost layer of the photoreceptor includes a filler, a binder resin and an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mgKOH/g. The photosensitive layer can be the outermost layer. A coating liquid for an outermost layer of a photoreceptor including a filler, a binder resin, an organic compound having an acid value of from 10 to 700 mgKOH/g and plural organic solvents. A method for preparing a photoreceptor including forming a photosensitive layer, and coating the coating liquid on the photosensitive layer. An image forming method and apparatus and a process cartridge using the photoreceptor are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image carrier, for example, for use in electro-photography, containing at least one elastomer with cavities. The image carrier can be used, inter alia, in electrography, electrophotography (as a photoconductor) or magnetography and in color printing processes.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor, comprises a conductive base, a charge generating lager and a charge transport layer, wherein the charge generating lager and the charge transport layer are provided in this order on the conductive base, wherein when a curve is drawn by plotting integrated-values of a detected current in terms of time in measurement of transient photocurrent by TOF (time of flight) measurement with an electric field intensity of 10V/&mgr;m , crossing angle &thgr; of two tangent lines tangent to the curve is 15° to 45°; and the charge transport lager has a film thickness of 20 to 35 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A composition is provided for coating a photoreceptor having a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer. The composition includes a hole transport material, a cross-linkable film forming binder having at least one functional group that is reactive with isocyanate, a blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent and a solvent having a boiling point equal to or below the deblocking temperature. The blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent is the reaction product of an isocyanate and a blocking agent, wherein the blocking agent has a boiling point temperature equal to or below a selected deblocking temperature to allow the isocyanate to form cross-links. The invention also provides an electrophotographic imaging member with an overcoat layer comprising a cross-linked film forming binder, an isocyanate compound, a hole transport material, and optionally a surface energy reducing agent. Processes for making the imaging members are also provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed in which a photosensitive layer and a protective layer are formed on a conductive substrate in that order. In this photosensitive member, when its surface is charged to −700 V under a 23° C./5% RH environment and irradiated with white light in a light quantity of 10 lux·sec, if the surface potential at the time 0.2 seconds have passed from the irradiation and the surface potential at the time 0.5 seconds have passed from the irradiation are defined as Vsl(0.2) and Vsl(0.5), respectively, the absolute value of Vsl(0.2) and the absolute value of Vsl(0.2)−Vsl(0.5) satisfy specific conditions.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on an electro-conductive supporting substrate and a protection layer provided on the photosensitive layer. The protection layer includes a kind of finely divided metal oxide particle, an organic acid, and a binder resin. The binder resin is a thermo-curable resin. The organic acid is contained in an amount of 0.05 wt. % to 5 wt. % for the amount of the thermo-curable resin. The photosensitive member has a high durability capable of stable image productions for a long period of utilizable time, due to the protection layer.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of an optional supporting substrate, an optional blocking layer, a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer, and a SiO3 containing polycarbonate component.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member containing a photogenerating layer, a charge transport layer, or a plurality of charge transport layers, and which charge transport, especially the top charge transport layer contains a vinyl containing organic compound.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a cylindrical support, and provided thereon a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, which cylindrical support has an outer diameter of less than 30 mm, the difference between a coefficient of thermal expansion &agr;1 measured from the top of the protective layer and a coefficient of thermal expansion &agr;2 measured after the protective layer has been removed, |&agr;1−&agr;2|, is more than 5.0×10−7° C.−1 to less than 1.0×10−4° C.−1, and the modulus of elastic deformation We % measured from the top of the protective layer is more than 30% to less than 60%. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such an electrophotographic photosensitive member.