Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises an output unit to output output data converted from input data by a halftone process with a first or second matrix in accordance with attribute information on pixels of the input data. The thresholds in the first matrix, whose thresholds are arranged to express the tone level of output data by the number of dots or dot area modulation for input data, and the second matrix, whose thresholds are arranged to express the tone level of output data by dot area modulation for the input data, are arranged such that the average dot size of output data obtained by the halftone process with the second matrix on input data with the first density is smaller than the average dot size of output data obtained by the halftone process with the first matrix on the input data with the first density.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a mask plate, a method for fabricating an array substrate using the mask plate, and an array substrate. The mask plate is used for fabricating the array substrate by a stitching exposure. The mask plate comprises 2n+1 mask patterns successively arranged and parallel to each other, where n is any natural number, each mask pattern includes a light-shielding pattern corresponding to a portion of a data signal line on the array substrate. The light-shielding patterns of two adjacent mask patterns are discontinuous, and the portions on both sides of the light-shielding pattern of the mask pattern located in the middle of the mask plate are asymmetric.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition includes (A) an alkali-soluble resin, (B) a polysiloxane, (C) an ethylenically unsaturated compound, (D) a photo-initiator, (E) a first solvent, and (F) a black pigment dispersion. The alkali-soluble resin (A) includes an unsaturated-group-containing resin (A-1) obtained by subjecting a mixture containing (i) an epoxy compound having at least two epoxy groups and (ii) a compound having at least one carboxyl group and at least one ethylenically unsaturated group to polymerization. A weight ratio of the black pigment dispersion (F) to the polysiloxane (B) ranges from 5 to 35. Application of the photosensitive resin composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for creation of a substrate fluorescence mask having background color(s), UV mark color(s), and distraction color(s), to be printed as an image on a substrate containing optical brightening agents. The method includes selecting one or more UV mark colors for the mask such that the UV mark colors exhibit low contrast against the background color(s) under normal illumination and high contrast against the background color(s) under UV illumination. One or more distraction colors are also selected, such that the distraction color(s) exhibit low contrast against the background color(s) under UV illumination and exhibit high contrast against the background color(s) under normal illumination. A distraction pattern, formed from one or more distraction colors, is also selected.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical filter includes preparing a substrate having a panel region, a peripheral region, and an alignment region, forming an outer black matrix on the substrate, such that the outer black matrix surrounds the panel region, forming a dummy black matrix on the substrate, such that the dummy black matrix is in the peripheral region while exposing the alignment region, forming a first color photoresist layer on the substrate to cover the outer black matrix and the dummy black matrix, forming a first color pattern in the panel region and an alignment pattern in the alignment region by patterning the first color photoresist layer, forming a second color photoresist layer on the substrate, forming a second color pattern in the panel region by patterning the second color photoresist layer, and forming a third color pattern in the panel region.

Abstract: The invention describes a base material for screen printing, which comprises a protective film, a screen and an intermediate resist layer comprising photosensitive material.

Abstract: In a layout method of a bridging electrode, the method includes the steps of: providing a substrate; forming a transparent electro-conductive layer on the substrate and the transparent electro-conductive layer having a plurality of neighboring patterned blocks; forming an alignment film layer on the substrate and the alignment film layer having a plurality of bridging grooves of a bridging insulation unit crossing between the patterned blocks; forming an electro-conductive layer on the substrate and the electro-conductive layer having a plurality of wires respectively disposed on the bridging grooves, wherein the wires of the electro-conductive layer being formed through an optical compensation mask in conjunction with at least one of over-exposure and over-development; and forming a protection layer on the substrate to enhance optical transmission and to protect the substrate, the transparent electro-conductive layer, the alignment film layer and the electro-conductive layer.

Abstract: A gate in a semiconductor device is formed to have a dummy gate pattern that protects a gate. Metal lines are formed to supply power for a semiconductor device and transfer a signal. A semiconductor device includes a quad coupled receiver type input/output buffer. The semiconductor device is formed with a gate line that extends over an active region, and a gate pad located outside of the active region. The gate line and the gate pad are adjoined such that the gate line and a side of the gate pad form a line. Dummy gates may also be applied. The semiconductor device includes a first metal line patterns supplying power to a block having a plurality of cells, a second metal line pattern transferring a signal to the cells, and dummy metal line patterns divided into in a longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The deposition substrate of the present invention includes a light-transmitting substrate having a first region and a second region. In the first region, a first heat-insulating layer transmitting light is provided over the light-transmitting substrate, a light absorption layer is provided over the first heat-insulating layer, and a first organic compound-containing layer is provided over the light absorption layer. In the second region, a reflective layer is provided over the light-transmitting substrate, a second heat-insulating layer is provided over the reflective layer, and a second organic compound-containing layer is provided over the second heat-insulating layer. The edge of the second heat-insulating layer is placed inside the edge of the reflective layer, and there is a space between the first heat-insulating layer and the second heat-insulating layer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of asymmetric bumps is provided. First, a substrate is provided. A film layer is then formed on the substrate. Next, a complex photomask including at least one transparent region, a number of opaque regions, and a number of semi-transparent regions is provided. Each of the semi-transparent regions is disposed between two adjacent opaque regions, and at least one light-shielding pattern is randomly disposed in each of the semi-transparent regions. The film layer is then patterned with use of the complex photomask, and multiple asymmetric bumps are formed on the substrate. By using the complex photomask, manufacturing steps of the asymmetric bumps can be reduced. Besides, a manufacturing method of a pixel structure having the above-mentioned asymmetric bumps is also provided.

Abstract: A bank structure for a display panel is provided. The display panel comprises a substrate, and the bank structure is formed on the surface of the substrate. The bank structure comprises a periphery and a partition, wherein the periphery forms a receiving space with the substrate and the partition is disposed in the receiving space for separating the receiving space into two sub-spaces with fluid-communication. Therefore, the ink can be injected and uniformly distributed in the sub-spaces to overcome the disadvantages of poor injection precision and increasing the spray control of the ink.

Abstract: A polarizing plate of the present invention comprises a polarizer; an adhesive layer; and a transparent protective film bonded to at least one side of the polarizer with the adhesive layer interposed therebetween, wherein the adhesive layer is formed from an active energy ray curing adhesive containing at least one curable component, and the adhesive layer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 60° C. or more, and a thickness of 0.01 ?m to 7 ?m. The polarizing plate has sufficient durability in a severe environment at high temperature and high humidity.

Abstract: A method of construction of an electrochemical interconnect plate, the method comprising the steps of: (a) etching predetermined fluid flow channels in a first conductive sheet; and (b) coating the first conductive sheet with a corrosion resistant layer of nickel and tin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a backlight unit, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display including the backlight unit. According to the present invention, an optical plate, a diffusion sheet, and an optical sheet are integrally formed using adhesives having diffusion beads dispersed therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filter and a plasma display device thereof, and the plasma display device includes a plasma display panel; and a filter formed at a front of the plasma display panel, wherein the filter includes external light shielding sheet which is provided with a base unit and a plurality of pattern units formed on the base unit and having a lower refractive index than a refractive index of the base unit, and wherein a cross sectional shape of at least one of the pattern units' edges is a curve. According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively realize black images and enhance bright room contrast by arranging the external light shielding sheet, which absorbs and shields external light from the outside, at the front of the display panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an external light shielding sheet and a plasma display device thereof, and the plasma display device comprises a plasma display panel(PDP); and an external light shielding sheet, which is disposed at a front of the PDP and includes a base unit and a plurality of pattern units which are formed on the base unit and absorb external light, wherein at least one of the plurality of pattern units has an ascending portion with an average slope of 0.5 to 45 degrees and a descending portion with an average slope of ?45 to ?0.5 degrees. According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively realize black images and enhance bright room contrast by arranging the external light shielding sheet, which absorbs and shields external light from the outside, at the front of the display panel(PDP).

Abstract: In a radiation image storage panel composed of a phosphor layer produced by vapor phase deposition, the phosphor layer is composed of an europium activated cesium halide stimulable phosphor and exhibits an ultraviolet light-excited emission spectrum satisfying the condition of: 0<S(400–420)<0.20 in which S(400–420) represents a ratio of an amount of a light emitted by a luminous component giving an emission peak in the region of 400 to 420 nm based on the total amount of emitted light.

Abstract: A source of soft x-rays in an Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography system may include a pre-ionization unit to pre-ionize a source material, e.g., a Xenon plasma. The pre-ionization unit may be integrated with a discharge unit, and may use Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6) as a thermionic emitter material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for gratings able to resist dizziness, enhance color displayed, eliminate static electricity and block radiation. Steps included are: making a substrate with an enhanced glass or optical plastic glass or optical plastics; coating the surface of the substrate with dizziness-resistant films composed of evenly distributed nano-particles, wherein the inner layer is made of Cu particles or Al particles and the outer layer is made of Cr particles; forming a static-electricity-resistant layer on the grating's surface so as to form an optical diffraction grating able to resist dizziness, enhance color displayed, eliminate static electricity and block radiation.

Abstract: A plasma display panel and method of producing same, in which projections are formed in grooves between partitions and phosphor layers are provided on the projections so as to increase the area where phosphor adheres and thereby to increase the luminance. A pair of substrates, opposed to each other, form a discharge space. Band-like partitions partitioning the discharge space are arranged on one of the back and front substrates. Wall-like projections, lower than the partitions but high enough to increase the area where phosphor layers are formed, are provided in the region where the discharge space is formed in the long grooves between the partitions or around the discharge space. Phosphor layers are formed in the grooves between the partitions including the wall-like projections.

Abstract: A substrate is provided with a light reflective film including a base and a reflective layer, in which a plurality of concave portions or convex portions formed on the surface of the base are randomly arranged in the plane direction in 100 to 2,000 RGB dot units or a whole screen unit, are formed using a mask in which light transmissive or non-transmissive portions are randomly arranged in the plane direction in 100 to 2,000 RGB dot units or the whole screen unit.

Abstract: Self-aligned aperture masks are produced using a positive-acting photoresist (18) which is developed with a liquid developer. The apertures (30) of the mask have lower levels of inter-aperture variability than masks produced using mechanical transfer of toner particles (FIGS. 4-5 and 7-8), both for the apertures of a given mask and between masks.

Abstract: A process of forming a high-definition pattern by etching is provided. A photosensitive resin layer is formed on a metal substrate material having a center line-average surface roughness Ra of up to 0.10 &mgr;m and a maximum surface roughness Rmax of up to 1.0 &mgr;m to form a resist pattern. Then, the photosensitive resin layer provided on the metal substrate material is exposed to light to form a resist pattern. Finally, etching is carried out to form a pattern on the metal substrate material.

Abstract: A photomask of the present invention is a photomask for use in production of a display device, the photomask having on its surface a plurality of drawn areas and a transitional portion between two adjacent ones of the drawn areas. A pattern is formed on at least one of the drawn areas. A ratio between a pattern pitch and a transitional portion pitch is an integral ratio such that a length defined by a least common multiple of the pattern pitch and the transitional portion pitch is 1 mm or less.

Abstract: A photoresist film which can form an even fluorescent substance layer, in intimate contact with the surface of cells, in a simplified manner, and a back plate of PDP using the film are provided. More specifically, a photoresist film comprising a base film and, provided on the base film, a photosensitive resin composition layer comprising a fluorescent substance, a photosensitive resin, and a volatile organic material, and a process for producing a back plate of PDP using the film are provided.

Abstract: The present invention mask 1 has a mask-portion 12. The mask-portion 12 comprises: a bed sheet layer 12c made of paper or resin; and an irradiation-resistant layer 12e made of metal and coated on the irradiation side of the bed sheet layer 12c. The irradiation-resistant layer 12e has durability with respect to the emitted energy such as laser beam than the bed sheet layer 12c.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for forming light shielding films comprising a mixture of; 10 to 60 parts by weight of a high molecular weight polymeric binder; 15 to 50 parts by weight of a photopolymerizable monomer; 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a photopolymerization initiator; and at least 20 parts by weight of a light shielding pigment comprising carbon black coated with resin for forming black matrices such as CRT displays and liquid crystal panels; a black matrix made from by said photosensitive resin composition; and a method for producing said black matrix comprising the steps of coating said photosensitive resin composition comprising a high molecular weight polymeric binder, a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a light shielding pigment consisting of carbon black coated with resin on a substrate, selectively radiating an activated beam, and developing the coating using an alkaline aqueous solution to form a pattern.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a screen suitable for use as a rear projection screen, a first layer (10) of a photopolymerisable monomer or oligomer which is tacky in its monomeric or oligomeric form and non-tacky in its polymerised form, is exposed to polymerising light, such as ultra-violet light, in a pattern comprising an array of spots of such light, and consequent selective polymerisation is allowed to take place in the first layer (10). There is then applied to the exposed surface of the first layer (10) a printing medium comprising an opaque pigment layer (28) on a supporting substrate (30) so that the pigment layer (28) contacts the exposed surface of the first layer (10) and sticks to the unpolymerised and therefore still tacky regions of the first layer (10), but not to the polymerised regions. The substrate (30) carrying the pigment layer (28) is then stripped from the first layer (10), leaving pigment (28) adhering only to the unpolymerised regions.

Abstract: A filter for a liquid crystal display device, having a light diffusing plate which is obtained by forming a composition in the form of a film which contains at least two photopolymerizable oligomers or monomers having refractive indexes which differ from each other by at least 0.01 and irradiating UV light on the composition. When the filter is fitted to a light emitting side of a liquid crystal display device, an angle of view of the liquid crystal display face plane is widened, shadows due to opaque parts of the device are reduced, and a Moire fringe is hardly formed.

Abstract: The present invention includes the steps of forming a stamper with a fine and delicate relief pattern formed thereon by forming a photo resist layer on a flat substrate, exposing the photo resist, developing the exposed photo resist, metallizing and electroforming the surface of the photo resist, and of injection molding the light-transmitting plate using said stamper.

Abstract: A photolithographic method for patterning small diameter circles at a high resolution on a layer, comprises the steps of depositing a resist layer on said layer; depositing calibrated microspheres, opaque to a radiation, on the surface of the resist layer; and irradiating said resist layer with said radiation.

Abstract: In order to improve the printability of a periodic halftone screen, the amount of growth of the halftone dots in a halftone screen is modulated as a function of tone in a tone selective way that is different for at least two halftone dots.

Abstract: A method for preparing a substrate having a light-shielding layer involves forming a photosensitive coating film on a transparent electrically conductive layer formed on a transparent substrate, exposing the photosensitive coating film via a mask exhibiting light transmitting properties, removing and developing the coating film for exposing the transparent electrically conductive layer and electrodepositing a dark-hued coating on the exposed transparent electrically conductive layer for forming the light-shielding layer, and heating the light-shielding layer. The substrate having the light-shielding layer has a volume resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.2 ohm.cm or higher and may be used for a counterelectrode substrate for a TFT array substrate incorporated in a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for forming light shielding films is of particular utility in forming a black matrix for use in display elements such as of a CRT display, a liquid crystal panel, a plasma display and the like. The photosensitive resin composition is comprised of a photopolymerizable compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and light shielding materials composed of an oxide of copper and an oxide or oxides of at least one metal selected from iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt and nickel. The black matrix so obtained is conducive to high heat resistance, greatly light shielding and sharp image contrast as well as to excellent electrical insulation resistance. For use in the plasma display in particular, a black matrix is producible by coating of the photosensitive resin composition on a given substrate, followed by exposure of the coat to selective irradiation with active light rays to form a pattern therein and by subsequently burning of the pattern.

Abstract: A method for producing a screen printing stencil comprises the following: applying at least one light-sensitive layer to an essentially closed covering surface of a cylindrical base body; removing portions of the light-sensitive layer from the covering surface in accordance with a prescribed screen pattern; filling the portions thus removed of the light-sensitive layer with metal for the purpose of forming a cylindrical screen; and removing the cylindrical screen from the base body. A hollow cylinder is used as the base body and is inflated via at least one of its ends by a compressed gas to such an extent that it obtains a circular cross-section.

Abstract: A safe and low cost process for forming a black matrix for a color filter, which process provides high light screening properties and is suitable for panel processing. The process comprises the steps of providing a transparent substrate having provided thereon an aqueous resin layer containing physical development nuclei; supplying a developer for physical development on the aqueous resin layer; superposing a donor sheet containing a metallic compound comprising metal ions on the aqueous resin layer via the developer for physical development; and precipitating a metal of the metallic compound in the aqueous resin layer by physical development. Furthermore, the aqueous resin layer may or may not be patterned.

Abstract: A light-shielding photosensitive resin composition comprising (1) an alkali-soluble binder, (2) a photo-polymerization initiator, (3) an addition-polymerizing monomer having one or more ethylenic, unsaturated double bonds, and (4) one or more colorants, wherein said photo-polymerization initiator is substantially insensitive to light having a wavelength of 400 nm or longer. The composition is preferably coated on a temporary support to form a transfer material. Using the composition or the transfer material, a flat, light-shielding film having a high optical density may be formed on a color filter by self-alignment exposure without using an optical filter.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition which comprises a resin containing at least one repeating unit represented by the following general formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## The photosensitive resin composition is soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution and the cured product thereof has good alkali resistance. Furthermore, the resin composition not only has excellent solubility and production suitability, but also has high chemical resistance.

Abstract: A method of fabricating thin film structures on the surface of a transparent substrate (10) in which a light shielding pattern (20, 54) is provided adjacent the opposing substrate surface and in which deposited thin film layers are photolithographically patterned by directing radiation onto the light shielding pattern and by varying the angle of the exposing radiation for respective layers whereby the thin film layers are patterned differently while using the same light shielding pattern. Various thin film structures can be fabricated inexpensively and reliably using this approach together with standard processing techniques such as the use of temporary layers and lift-off procedures. In particular, by appropriate design of the light shielding pattern and selection of deposited materials, active matrix arrays, e.g. comprising MIMs or TFTs with associated conductors, for use in liquid crystal display devices can be produced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotary halftone screen which has no slit or meshless portion by the use of galvano process including a step of exposing the roll coated with high-sensitivity photosensitive film by a multiple number of laser beams. The multiple number of laser beams are controlled by preset electric data so that desired halftone points of negative halftone image are exposed on the roll.

Abstract: In an optical lithographical system (e.g., 100) for printing features of a patterned mask (e.g., 103) into a workpiece (e.g., 120), such as in a semiconductor device, a one- or two-dimensional (depending on the features of the mask) optical transmission phase-shift diffracting device (e.g., 107) is inserted between an optical condensor (e.g., 105) and the patterned mask whose features are to be printed into the workpiece. The diffracting device is designed so as to enable an imaging lens system (e.g., 102) to collect more than merely a single order of the resulting diffraction patterns of the features of the mask and, by varying the spatial periodicity of the diffracting device, to tailor the illumination incident on the mask in accordance with the features (e.g., 114, 115) of the mask.

Abstract: When electrodes in two-layer composition, provided with a color filter in the inside thereof, are provided on the inner surface of a liquid crystal cell board, it is aimed to prevent creation of faulty connections in contact holes and to transmit a driving voltage normally even if faulty connections may occur. A first-layer transparent electrode 1a is formed on the board, then resist is coated so that the contact holes 6 are open on the side surface in one side of the electrode pattern, on which a color filter 3 is formed. After that, said resist is removed and a second-layer transparent electrode 1b is formed in film.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for offset and similar printing from a continuous tone original to produce a halftone image on a photosensitive layer comprising means for screening the information via a first array of parallely extending lines of effective minimum optical density and a second array of parallely extending lines of effective maximum optical density, the arrays being interposed to form a composite array of substantially parallel, spaced-apart, alternating lines of effective maximum and minimum optical density, the lines delimiting therebetween zones of effective graduated optical density, the gradient inside each zone progressively varying from low optical density adjacent lines of the first array to high optical density adjacent lines of the second array, the spacing of lines of the first array being between about 100 and 400 lines per inch and wherein the resulting thickness of each reproduced line on a resulting developed photosensitive layer, generated by screening the information via the ar

Abstract: The expanded-range image digitizing apparatus utilizes a light-attenuating layer in concert with solid-state light detectors of limited dynamic range to provide a means for digitizing wide-dynamic-range images. The light-attenuating layer is placed in close contact with an image-containing medium. The light-attenuating layer is comprised of groups of regions replicated throughout the light-attenuating layer where each region in a group attenuates light passing through to a different degree and each group is the same in size and shape as a picture element of the image being digitized. When the image-containing medium is illuminated, the emerging light power from one of the regions of a group is of the proper magnitude to cause an associated detector to respond within its dynamic range. The emerging light power from the corresponding picture element of the image is then determined by multiplying the detected light power by the attenuation factor of the region producing the proper detector response.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a durable pattern forming material having a protective film comprising a radiation cured product of a curable compound, comprising a phosphazene of the formula:--{NP(x) (Y)}.sub.n --wherein at least one of x and y is a polymerizable group and n is at least 3, superior in mechanical, optical and chemical properties which is characterized in that a cured protective film of a curable compound is formed on a photo mask or lith film on which a pattern of desired shape has been provided. This pattern forming material can be suitably used for formation of pattern in production of IC, printed circuit and hybrid IC.

Abstract: A photographic image is prepared for facsimile transmission by photocopying the photographic image onto a sheet of paper through a partially transparent screen. The screen may comprise a plurality of spaced dots on a sheet in which one of the sheet and dots are transparent and the other opaque to light transmission whereby the photocopy has reproduced on it the picture and the pattern of the dots with either the dots or the spaces between the dots forming the image of the picture.

Abstract: This invention relates to a gradient radiation intensifying screen having as an integral part thereof a tonable, photosensitive layer bearing a toned, anatomically correct, unsharp halftone image.

Abstract: In a stimulable phosphor sheet comprising a support, a phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor and a binder, and a protective film superposed in this order,the improvement in which at least the front end of the phosphor sheet is provided with a stiff reinforcing member extending along said end: orthe improvement in which at least a portion on the back surface adjoining the front end of the phosphor sheet is provided with a stiff reinforcing member extending in the width direction.

Abstract: A stimulable phosphor sheet comprising a support, a phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor and a binder, and a protective film superposed in this order, which is characterized in that at least one of the front end and the rear end of the phosphor layer along the direction to be conveyed are retracted from the corresponding end of the support, and said retracted end of the phosphor layer and support is protected by a polymer coating layer, a polymer film or a solid material.

Abstract: A secure and self-verifiable image is formed by an array of image dots 30 on one side of a pellucid stratum or film 10 and a corresponding array of light-transmitting apertures 21 in a dark screen 20 on the other side of film 10, with image dots 30 being offset from the axes of apertures 21 so that the image is viewable only by light passing obliquely through film 10 at an angle that intersects arrayed apertures 21 and dots 30. Both apertures 21 and dots 30 occupy up to about 15% of the total area and the array spacing is at least 40 dots per centimeter. The reflective density of the interaperture regions of dark screen 20 is at least 1.6, and pellucid film 10 is at least 0.05 mm thick.