Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes: at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive support; a surface layer that contains fluororesin particles and a fluorocarbon comb graft polymer containing a repeating unit derived from a macromonomer and a repeating unit derived from a monomer having a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; wherein the surface layer contains phosphorus in an amount of about 5 ppm or less, and a process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus, which use the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor having a photosensitive layer and a crosslinked resin surface layer over a support, wherein shapes of concaves and convexes in a surface of the electrophotographic photoconductor are measured by a surface roughness/profile measuring device to obtain one-dimensional data arrays, the arrays are subjected to multiresolution analysis (MRA-1) through wavelet transformation to be separated into six frequency components including HHH, HHL, HMH, HML, HLH and HLL to obtain one-dimensional data arrays, the arrays of the HHL are thinned out to be reduced 1/10 to 1/100, thereby producing one-dimensional data arrays, which are then subjected to multiresolution analysis (MRA-2) through wavelet transformation to be separated into six frequency components including LHH, LHL, LMH, LML, LLH and LLL to thereby obtain 12 frequency components in total; and a center-line average roughness (WRa) of the 12 frequency components satisfies relationship (i) below.

Abstract: An undercoat layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit in order to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses positive ghost, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer, and a protective layer that is provided on the charge transport layer and has volume resistivity of 2×1013 ?·m to 4×1013 ?·m, and the work functions and electron affinities of the undercoat layer and the charge generation layer satisfy the following Expression (1): 0.4 eV?(Efuc?Eauc)?(Efcg?Eacg)?0.6 eV (where Efuc represents the work function of the undercoat layer, Eauc represents the electron affinity of the undercoat layer, Efcg represents the work function of the charge generation layer, and Eacg represents the electron affinity of the charge generation layer).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a substrate and a photosensitive layer, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a surface layer containing fluorine resin particles, and the fluorine resin particles exposed on a surface satisfy the following Expression (1): 0.5?(A)/(B)?10??Expression (1) wherein, (A) represents a number of aggregated particles in which 5 to 20 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated, and (B) represents a total number of fluorine resin particles that are isolated without being aggregated and aggregated particles in which 2 to 4 fluorine resin particles are connected and aggregated.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes specific resin (?), resin (?) and compound (?).

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes, for example, a supporting substrate, an optional ground plane layer, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a photogenerating layer, a charge transport layer, and an optional protective coating, and where the charge transport layer contains a mixture of a charge transport component and a polyarylatecarbonate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive supporting body, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer. In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, at least the photosensitive layer and the protective layer are sequentially layered on the conductive supporting body, and the protective layer includes P-type semiconductor particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including: an electrically conductive substrate; and at least a photoconductive layer on the electrically conductive substrate, wherein the electrophotographic photoconductor includes an uppermost surface layer, and the uppermost surface layer includes an inorganic filler, an acidic disperser and a three-dimensionally crosslinked polymer, wherein the three-dimensionally crosslinked polymer is formed through polymerization among compounds each containing a charge transporting compound and three or more [(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups where the charge transporting compound has one or more aromatic rings and the [(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups are bound to the aromatic rings of the charge transporting compound, and wherein the polymerization proceeds after some of the [(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups have been partially cleaved and eliminated with an acid catalyst.

Abstract: An overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum of an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The overcoat layer is prepared from an (UV) ultraviolet curable composition including a urethane resin having at least six radical polymerizable functional groups and a charge transport molecule having at least one radical polymerizable functional group. The amount of the urethane resin having at least six radical polymerizable functional groups in the curable composition is about 35 percent to about 65 percent by weight. The amount of the charge transport molecules having at least one radical polymerizable functional group in the curable composition is about 35 percent to about 65 percent by weight. This overcoat layer improves wear resistance of the organic photoconductor drum without negatively altering the electrophotographic properties, thus protecting the organic photoconductor drum from damage and extending its useful life.

Abstract: An overcoat layer for an organic photoconductor drum of an electrophotographic image forming device is provided. The overcoat layer is prepared from a curable composition including a urethane resin having at least six radical polymerizable functional groups. The at least six radical polymerizable functional groups may include acrylate group, methacrylate group, styrenic group, allylic group, vinylic group, glycidyl ether group, epoxy group, or combinations thereof. This overcoat layer has an improved wear resistance, thus protecting the organic photoconductor drum from damage and extending its useful life.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments are directed generally to methods for making the core-shell fluorinated particles which are incorporated into the overcoat layers of an electrophotographic imaging member to reduce torque and cleaning failures during the photoreceptor cleaning process. The core-shell fluorinated particles are core-shell fluorinated nano- or micro-particles encapsulated in a melamine shell. The present embodiments also pertain to processes for making the overcoat layer comprising the core-shell fluorinated particles.

Abstract: A imaging member, such as a photoreceptor, having an outermost layer that is a structured organic film (SOF) comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers including a first fluorinated segment, a second electroactive segment and fluorinated secondary components.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, and a surface layer that is provided on the photosensitive layer or is contained in the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer is formed of a cured film of a composition including a first reactive charge transport material having a hydroxyl group and a second reactive charge transport material having a methoxy group, and has an elastic deformation ratio R satisfying the following Expression (1): 0.40?R?0.51.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing (?), (?) and (?).

Abstract: A photoconductor containing an optional anticurl layer, a supporting substrate, an optional ground plane layer, an optional hole blocking layer, an optional adhesive layer, a photogenerating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoat layer mixture of a charge transport compound, a melamine resin, an optional acid catalyst, and a fluoro component.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including: an electroconductive substrate; a photoconductive layer; and a surface layer, the photoconductive layer and the surface layer being laid over the electroconductive substrate, wherein the surface layer is a crosslinked layer which is cured by irradiating with light energy a composition containing a radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure, a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure and a photopolymerization initiator, and wherein the radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure has a ratio Ae/As of 0.7 or higher where Ae denotes absorbance at an absorption peak wavelength ? after the radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure is irradiated with light energy and As denotes absorbance at an absorption peak wavelength ? before the radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure is irradiated with light energy.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that contains a urea compound having two or more urea moieties. Each of the urea moieties has a carbonyl group and two nitrogen atoms. Each of the two nitrogen atoms connects to an alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group. The compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group is a compound represented by the formula (1).

Abstract: Surface control apparatuses including an imaging member having a charge retentive surface for developing an electrostatic latent image thereon. The imaging member including a substrate, a photoconductive layer disposed on the substrate, and a surface control (SC) layer disposed on the outer surface of the imaging member. Image forming apparatuses having such surface control apparatuses installed and methods of reducing print defects using such image forming apparatuses.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes: an electrophotographic photoreceptor body containing a cylindrical electroconductive substrate having openings at both ends in an axial direction, the cylindrical electroconductive substrate having a thickness of approximately 2 mm or more at a center portion in an axial direction and having a socket joint portion on each of inner surfaces of both end portions in an axial direction; and a photosensitive layer provided on an outer surface of the electroconductive substrate; and a support member fit in the openings of the electroconductive substrate, having an fitting portion which has an outer diameter that is larger than a diameter of the opening by a range of from approximately 0.01 mm to approximately 0.1 mm, the fitting portion being press-fit into the opening.

Abstract: A photoconductor containing an optional supporting substrate layer, a photogenerating layer, a polyalkylene glycol benzoate containing charge transport layer, and a top overcoat layer in contact with and contiguous to the charge transport layer, and which overcoat layer includes charge transport compounds and melamine resins.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer on the electroconductive substrate, and a protection layer on the photoconductive layer, wherein the protection layer contains two or more metal oxides having different average primary particle diameters, a binder resin, and a charge transporting material, the content of the metal oxides in the protection layer is 50% by mass or higher, and the average primary particle diameters of the metal oxides satisfy all of formulae (I) to (III) below: d(1)<d(2)??formula (I); d(1)/d(2)?0.25??formula (II); and 0.1 ?m?d(2)??formula (III) where d(1) represents the average primary particle diameter (?m) of one metal oxide of the two or more metal oxides contained in the protection layer, and d(2) represents the average primary particle diameter (?m) of another or the other metal oxide of the two or more metal oxides contained in the protection layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate, wherein a layer having an outermost surface of the photoreceptor contains a polymer that is formed by polymerizing a crosslinkable charge transport material having an aromatic group and a —CH2OH group, and the layer having the outermost surface satisfies the following Formula (1): (Peak 2)/(Peak 1)?0.05??(1) wherein Peak 1 represents a peak area of an absorption peak (from about 1550 cm?1 to about 1650 cm?1) of stretching vibration of an aromatic group, which is obtained when an infrared absorption spectrum of the layer having the outermost surface is measured, and Peak 2 represents a peak area of an absorption peak (from about 1670 cm?1 to about 1710 cm?1) of an aromatic aldehyde, which is obtained when the infrared absorption spectrum of the layer having the outermost surface is measured.

Abstract: A photoreceptor comprising a composite structured organic film comprising a plurality of segments and a plurality of linkers arranged as a covalent organic framework, wherein the structured organic film includes a secondary component and may be a multi-segment thick structured organic film.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer and, provided on the photoconductive layer, a surface layer constituted of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, the ratio of the number of atoms of carbon atoms (C) to the sum of the number of atoms of silicon atoms (Si) and number of atoms of carbon atoms (C), C/(Si+C), in the surface layer is from 0.61 or more to 0.75 or less, and the sum of atom density of the silicon atoms and atom density of the carbon atoms in the surface layer is 6.60×1022atom/cm3 or more.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate; an intermediate layer; a photosensitive layer; and a surface layer, in this order, the surface layer including two or more charge transporting materials each including a reactive substituent and respectively having mutually different ionization potentials, in an amount of 90% by weight or more relative to the total solid content of the surface layer, and the content ratio X of each of the two or more charge transporting materials satisfying the following Formula (1).

Abstract: An electrophotographic member including an electrically conductive substrate and an electrically conductive resin layer corresponding to a surface layer. The resin layer includes electrically conductive particles and a binder resin.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on a surface of the conductive substrate, an outermost layer of the photosensitive layer containing a crosslinked product composed of a guanamine compound and at least one charge transporting material having at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OCH3, —NH2, —SH, and —COOH.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising, on an electrically conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer and a surface layer provided sequentially in that order, in which the surface layer is a layer formed by polymerizing a polymerizable compound (I) containing seven to ten functional groups and exhibiting a reactive group equivalent of not more than 140 and not less than 100.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein the uppermost surface layer of the photosensitive layer has a three-dimensional cross-linked product formed by polymerization reaction of a charge transport compound A represented by the following Chemical Structure 1 and a charge transport compound B having three or more [tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups linked with aromatic rings in which part of the [tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]methyl groups is severed and detached. In the Chemical Structure 1, Ar1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms that may have an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms as a substitution group.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising, in this order a substrate; a photosensitive layer; and a protective layer including oxygen and gallium, the protective layer including a first region and a second region that is present closer to the substrate than the first region and has a ratio of the number of atoms of oxygen to the number of atoms of gallium (oxygen/gallium) larger than that in the first region.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a substrate and an outermost layer containing a cured film of a composition containing a compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transporting skeleton in the same molecule, and at least one chain transfer agent selected from a compound having 4 or more primary thiol groups and a compound having 2 or more secondary thiol groups.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer which is located overlying the electroconductive substrate and which is not radically crosslinked; and an outermost layer which is located overlying the photosensitive layer and which includes a radically crosslinked material, wherein the radically crosslinked material includes a unit having a specific formula. An image forming method, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge, which use the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided, which includes: a substrate; a photosensitive layer; and a surface protective layer, in this order, in which the protective layer contains a crosslinked product of a curable charge transporting material in a content of from about 90 to 98% by weight, and fluorinated resin particles in a content of from about 2 to 10% by weight, and the protective layer satisfies Formula (1): 0.5?b/a?1, wherein, “a” represents a ratio of fluorine atoms to the sum of carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, and fluorine atoms present in a region of the protective layer ranging from the photosensitive layer side surface thereof to a point corresponding to about ? of the thickness thereof, and “b” represents the ratio in a region of the protective layer ranging from the outer surface thereof to a point corresponding to about ? of the thickness thereof.

Abstract: In the formation of a conductive roller 1, a compound forming an elastomer by curing through an electron beam irradiation or a ultraviolet ray irradiation is applied onto an outside of a shaft member 2 to form an elastomeric coating layer 3R and then the elastomeric coating layer is cured through an irradiation of an electron beam or a ultraviolet ray to form an elastic layer, whereby the elastic layer can be formed cheaply without sacrificing precision of peripheral dimension to largely reduce the cost of the conductive roller.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate generally to layers that are useful in imaging apparatus members and components, for use in electrophotographic, including digital printing, apparatuses. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to an improved electrophotographic imaging member comprising an overcoat layer which prevents image quality issues such as deletion. The overcoat layer comprises a phenolic triarylamine charge transport molecule, an aminoplast and a triamino triphenyl compound.

Abstract: An overcoat containing a copolymer of a first propylene monomer and a second hydrophilic monomer provides superior wear resistance and low torque to a photoreceptor.

Abstract: An image bearing member having an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer overlying the electroconductive layer, and a cross-linked surface layer overlying the photosensitive layer, which contains a cross-linked polymer and a first compound consisting essentially of a nitrogen atom and a phenyl group, biphenyl group, and condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group, or a second compound consisting essentially of a nitrogen atom and hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or aryl groups, substituted or non-substituted alkyl groups, substituted or non-substituted alkoxy groups, substituted or non-substituted aralkyl groups, substituted or non-substituted aryl group, substituted or non-substituted alkylene groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, or —OCO?CH2R16, in which R16 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or non-substituted aryl group.

Abstract: A furan derivative represented by the following General Formula (1): where Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent an aryl group which may have a substituent, and R1 represents a C1-C6 alkylene group.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer, such that the layer constituting the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer is formed by polymerizing a cross-linkable charge transporting material having a reactive hydroxyl group and a cross-linkable charge transporting material having a reactive alkoxy group, and the ionization potential of the outer surface of the layer constituting the outermost surface is higher by about 0.1 eV or more than the ionization potential of the inner surface of the layer constituting the outermost surface.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate; and a protection layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protection layer includes a radical polymerizable compound having three or more radical polymerizable groups without a charge transportable group, a monofunctional radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group and a non-radical polymerizable compound having a specific charge transportable group.

Abstract: An image bearing member includes a substrate, a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate; and a surface layer overlying the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer includes a cross-linked layer formed by curing a radical polymerizable monomer having no charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure, wherein a protective agent is supplied to the surface layer by a protective agent supplying member which is arranged facing the surface layer and includes a roller having a core material and a foam layer thereon to form a protective layer on the surface layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a cured protection layer, wherein the cured protection layer comprises a cured material of a tri- or more functional radical polymerizable compound and a filler exposed from the surface of the cured protection layer which comprises a bump along the surface of the filler, and wherein the cured protection layer has a thickness (T) larger than a diameter (2r) of the filler therein and the following relationships (a) is satisfied: (the number of the fillers present to a depth of T/2 from a free surface of the cured protection layer/the total number of the fillers in the cured protection layer)×100?7%??(a).

Abstract: Presently disclosed embodiments relate to an improved electrophotographic imaging member or photoreceptor comprising a surface layer on the photoreceptor, where the surface layer comprises secondary electron emitting materials that act as a robust electrically active layer. Photoreceptors incorporating such materials into or on the surface will exhibit an increase photoreceptor life and also a reduction the operating voltage of bias charge roll (BCR) charging systems while maintaining excellent charge uniformity.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: a functional layer containing: a polymer of a first compound having a chain polymerizable functional group and a charge transporting skeleton in one molecule, and at least one second compound selected from a compound including at least one kind of the repeating unit represented by formula (AA) and having a weight average molecular weight of 10000 or less, a compound including at least one kind of the repeating unit represented by formula (BB) and having a weight average molecular weight of 10000 or less, a phthalic ester, a trimellitic ester, a fatty acid ester, a polyhydric alcohol ester, and a polyhydric alcohol ether.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which leakage doesn't easily occur, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive layer including titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with a hetero element. When an absolute value of a maximum current amount flowing through the conductive layer in a case of performing a test of applying ?1.0 kV including DC voltage to the conductive layer is defined as Ia, and an absolute value of a current amount flowing through the conductive layer in a case where a decrease ratio of a current amount per minute reaches 1% or less for the first time is defined as Ib, the relations of Ia?6000 and 10?Ib are satisfied. A volume resistivity of the conductive layer before the test is 1.0×108 ?·cm to 5.0×1012 ?·cm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a cross-linked resin surface layer comprising a cross-linked resin having a charge transport structure, which satisfies the following inequations: 0.01<WRa(LLH)<0.04??(1-1) 0.01<WRa(LML)<0.04??(1-2) 0.01<WRa(LMH)<0.04??(1-3) 0.01<WRa(LHL)<0.04??(1-4) WRa(LHL)>WRa(LHH)??(2-1) WRa(LHL)>WRa(HLH)??(2-2) WRa(LHL)>WRa(HML)??(2-3) WRa(LHL)>WRa(HMH)??(2-4) WRa(LHL)>WRa(HHL)??(2-5) WRa(LHL)>WRa(HHH)??(2-6) wherein WRa (?m) represents an arithmetic average roughness according to JIS-B0601:2001 of frequency components that are obtained by subjecting a one-dimensional data array of a surface profile of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a wavelet transformation multiresolution analysis.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including, in the order recited: a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate; and a photoconductive layer provided on the undercoat layer and containing at least a phthalocyanine compound as a charge generation material and, as a resin binder, a polyvinyl acetal resin composed of a repeating unit represented by formula (1): where, in formula (1), R is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group; x, y and z represent mol % of the respective structural units, where x+y+z=100; n is an integer from 1 to 5; a degree of acetalization (x+z) is 86 to 99 mol %; and a molar ratio (x:z) of the structural units is 95:5 to 50:50.

Abstract: The invention provides a means for improving the abrasion resistance and the scratch resistance of a protection layer by increasing the surface hardness of the protection layer of an organic photoreceptor. The invention is an organic photoreceptor constituted by laminating on an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer and a protection layer successively, wherein the protection layer comprises a charge transport substance represented by the following general formula (1), a resin component obtained by curing a curable compound and tin oxide treated with a surface preparation agent having a reactive organic group, and a silica particle; in the general formula (1), R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, and R3 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.