Abstract: The present invention is an imaging element which includes a support and at least one image-forming layer superposed on the support. The imaging element includes at least one transparent electrically-conductive layer and a transparent magnetic recording layer overlying the transparent electrically-conductive layer. The electrically conductive layer is composed of both electrically-conductive granular metal-containing colloidal particles having an average particle diameter of less than or equal to 0.05 .mu.m and electrically-conductive acicular metal-containing particles having a cross-sectional diameter of less than or equal to 0.02 .mu.m and an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 5:1 dispersed in a first film-forming binder. The transparent magnetic recording layer is composed of magnetic particles dispersed in a second film-forming binder.

Abstract: An image carrier device which includes a flexible cylindrical thin image carrier, a support member for supporting both ends of the image carrier and a cylindrical member having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the image carrier. The cylindrical member is disposed inside of the image carrier, wherein the cylindrical member is disposed at an interval between an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical member and an inner peripheral surface of the image carrier, such that the interval is smaller than the allowable deformation of the image carrier.

Abstract: A photoreceptor fabrication method composed of spraying a honing composition including particulate material against a substrate in a particulate material spray distribution containing only one peak in a graph of the number of particulate material versus distance along the spray area to create a predetermined surface roughness.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electrically conductive substrate in the form of a cylindrical tube, the substrate having an outer surface roughened by dry-blasting to a maximum surface roughness of about 5 .mu.m or less, and a photoconductive layer on the substrate. Preferably, the substrate is aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has an inner diameter and a thickness related to each other in a ratio of inner diameter to thickness of 75 or less. The substrate preferably has not been preliminarily finished by cutting. Preferably, the electrophotographic photoconductor comprises an oxide film between the substrate and the photoconductive layer, the oxide film covering 75% or more of the outer surface of the substrate. In a preferred embodiment, the electrophotographic photoconductor further comprises an undercoating layer between the oxide film and the photoconductive layer, the undercoating layer composed substantially of an organic resin and having a thickness of about 5 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: Electrically conductive elements, such as imaging elements, can be prepared by applying electrically conductive coating compositions to a suitable support. The coating compositions include a polyaniline-protonic counter-ion complex in a first solvent that has certain Hansen solubility parameters, and a film-forming binder in a second common coating solvent. The total solids in the coating composition is less than or equal to about 10 weight %, and the weight ratio of the binder to the complex is at least about 1:1. Under these formulation conditions, the polyaniline protonic counter-ion complex is solubilized, rather than being in dispersed form, and is readily applied to form a thin, relatively transparent, electrically conductive film. Antistatic layers of photographic elements can be prepared in this manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive substrate having an anodized aluminum layer on the surface and a thick photosensitive layer on the substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includinga support substrate layer comprising polyethylene naphthalate substantially free of any oligomers, having a glass transition temperature of between about 100.degree. C. and about 140.degree. C., having a thickness between about 75 micrometers (3 mils) and about 125 micrometers (5 mils) and having a Young's modulus of between about 650,000 and about 1,000,000 pounds per square inch,an electrically conductive ground plane layer c including titanium,a hole blocking layer,an optional adhesive layer,a charge generation layer includingphotoconductive particles dispersed in a film forming binder, anda hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the hole transport layer.

Abstract: A light-receiving member, and an electrophotographic apparatus comprising it, which the member comprises a conductive support, a first layer capable of exhibiting a photoconductivity which comprises at least a material of a non-single-crystal silicon type, a second layer comprising silicon atoms and one kind selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, and a third layer comprising silicon atoms and one kind selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, the conductivity type of which has been adjusted to be of the same polarity as charging polarity by incorporating at least one element belonging to the Group III elements of the periodic table, the first, second and third layers being superposingly provided in this order, wherein the light-receiving member is used for positive charging and requires no drum heater, thereby achieving a very good image quality in any environment.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is constituted by an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging member, developing device and transfer device. The charging member is disposed contactable to the photosensitive member and supplied with a voltage so as to charge the photosensitive member. The photosensitive member includes a metal support, a photosensitive layer disposed on the support, and a surface layer disposed on the photosensitive layer. The surface layer has a volume resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.10 -1.times.10.sup.15 ohm.cm, and the metal support has a surface-oxidized film at its surface provided with the photosensitive layer. The use of the above surface layer and the above metal support in combination is effective in stably performing good injection charging.

Abstract: The present invention is a multilayer imaging element which includes a support, at least one image-forming layer, and a transparent electrically-conductive layer. The transparent electrically-conductive layer includes electronically-conductive metal antimonate colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.005 to 0.05 .mu.m and non-conductive metal-containing colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.002 to 0.05 .mu.m dispersed in a film-forming binder.

Abstract: Electrical components comprising a ohmic contact-providing layer and a charge transport layer wherein the ohmic contact-providing layer comprises a fluorinated carbon filled fluoropolymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light receiving member comprising a substrate in a cylindrical form and a light receiving layer formed on said substrate, wherein said substrate has (i) a portion with an enlarged bore at least on the side of an end portion of said substrate and (ii) a portion in a tapered form situated next to and outside said portion (i). An electrophotographic apparatus provided with said electrophotographic light receiving member.

Abstract: A method of producing a substrate for a photoreceptor having an exposing device therein for use in an electrophotographic apparatus, including the steps of: injecting polymerizable liquid material into a die whose inner surface is cylindrical; polymerizing the polymerizable liquid material while rotating and heating the die so that a substrate is formed inside the die; and removing the substrate from the die after the polymerizing, wherein the polymerizable liquid material is a transparent resin material and a thickness of the substrate is controlled according to an injecting amount of the polymerizable liquid material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by disposing a photosensitive layer including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on an electroconductive support. The charge transport layer has a thickness of at most 12 .mu.m and is formed by dispersing therein particles having a particle size of 1-3 .mu.m at a density of 1.times.10.sup.4 -2.times.10.sup.5 particles/mm.sup.2. The charge transport layer and the particles described above provides a difference in refractive index of at least 0.10.The photosensitive member is effective in providing good images free from black spots and interference fringes and with a good gradation-reproducing characteristic when used as a structural member of a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention prevents the deterioration of electrophotographic photoreceptor properties due to non-uniform dissolution of the surface of an aluminum substrate or production of hydrates during rinsing or drying from hot pure water in an aqueous cleaning process, assuring the uniformity and stability on the surface of an electrically-conductive substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor. The resulting electrically-conductive substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor exhibits an excellent corrosion resistance that can be expected to provide a high environmental stability. Further, the resulting electrophotographic photoreceptor can exhibit improved electrical properties.

Abstract: The present invention is a multilayer imaging element which includes a support, at least one image-forming layer, a transparent magnetic layer and a transparent electrically-conductive layer. The transparent magnetic layer includes magnetic particles dispersed in a film forming binder. The transparent electrically-conductive layer includes electronically-conductive metal antimonate colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.005 to 0.05 .mu.m and non- conductive metal-containing colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.002 to 0.05 .mu.m dispersed in a film-forming binder.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for surface treating a substrate used in a photosensitive imaging member including: (a) impinging a honing composition comprised of particulate material against the substrate surface to create a surface roughness sufficient to substantially suppress formation of a pattern of light and dark interference fringes upon exposure of the photosensitive imaging member, wherein the particulate material is capable of being dissolved by a solvent; and (b) rinsing the substrate surface having the surface roughness with a cleansing composition comprised of the solvent, wherein any particulate material remaining on the substrate surface having the surface roughness is dissolved by the solvent.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for electrophotography is disclosed. The photoreceptor has an electroconductive substrate, and an interlayer and a photoconductive layer provided on the substrate in this order from the substrate; the electroconductive substrate has a ten-point mean roughness R.sub.z of from 0.5 .mu.m to 4.0 .mu.m; and the interlayer comprises a reaction product of an organic metal compound with a formula (RO).sub.m MX.sub.n and a silane coupling agent.The average thickness L of the interlayer and the ten-point mean roughness of the surface of said substrate satisfy the following requirement:0.3 .mu.m+(0.1.times.R.sub.z .mu.m).ltoreq.L .mu.m.ltoreq.3.0 .mu.m+(0.5.times.R.sub.z .mu.m).

Abstract: An embossed substrate comprising a substrate of a plastic material and having a surface and an embossed surface carried by the surface of the substrate. The embossed surface is characterized by having a pattern with an average roughness of between 100 nanometers and 300 nanometers with the roughness being distributed substantially uniformly over the surface, the pattern has ridges and valleys with the horizontal distance between adjacent ridges and/or valleys being greater than the depth between the ridges and the valleys. The peaks and the valleys are randomly disposed without periodicity to cause diffusion of light impinging thereon to minimize or eliminate interference effects when the embossed surface overcoated with thin planar organic layers is exposed to light.

Abstract: A method of making a multiactive photoconductive elements is disclosed. The method uses a knurl free planar polymeric support having beads protruding from one surface. An element comprising such supports is also disclosed.

Abstract: A base body and an electrophotographic photoreceptor including the base body for an electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical substrate made of a fiber-reinforced plastic composed of a fiber material selected from the group consisting of glass fiber and carbon fiber, a thermosetting resin which sets by an additional reaction and which is selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated polyester resin and an epoxy resin, conductive fine powder, and inorganic filler selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate and clay; and a conductive resin layer which is composed of a thermosetting resin which sets by an additional reaction and which is selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated polyester resin and an epoxy resin, and conductive fine powder, and which conductive resin layer is applied onto a peripheral surface of the cylindrical substrate by dip-coating; and a photosensitive layer which is comprised of a charge transport material and a charge generation material, and

Abstract: A method of making a multiactive photoconductive elements is disclosed. The method uses a knurl free planar polymeric support having beads protruding from one surface. An element comprising such supports is also disclosed.

Abstract: A coated donor roll comprises a core with a coating, the coating comprising a charge transporting polymer, an organic acid metal salt compound, and iodine.

Abstract: The present invention describes an imaging element which includes a support, an image-forming layer, a transparent magnetic recording layer, and an electrically-conductive layer. The electrically-conductive layer is a dispersion in a film-forming binder of acicular, crystalline single phase, semi-conductive metal-containing particles having a cross-sectional diameter less than 0.02 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of greater than or equal to 5:1.

Abstract: The present invention describes imaging elements which include a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer. The electrically conductive layer is a dispersion in a film-forming binder of acicular, crystalline single phase, conductive metal-containing particles having a cross-sectional diameter less than 0.02 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of greater than or equal to 5:1.

Abstract: A process for producing an aluminum pipe is disclosed which has the steps of cutting the aluminum pipe on its periphery, and thereafter carrying out rotary pressure rolling. Also, an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a device unit, an electrophotographic apparatus and a developing roll having the aluminum pipe are disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a cylindrical electrically conductive substrate having thereon at least a photoconductive layer, the conductive substrate having a marking portion in which the light reflectance of the surface of the conductor substrate has been changed by a laser light treatment, a method for producing the photoreceptor, and an image correcting method using the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor for electrophotography that is light in weight, yields excellent images and is easily disposed of, which comprises a cylindrical conductive substrate that contains cross-linked polyphenylene sulfide as its main component, a blocking layer that contains melamine resin as its main component formed on the conductive substrate, a charge generation layer formed on the blocking layer, and a charge transport layer formed on the charge generation layer.

Abstract: An image drum, of electrically conductive resin, includes a cylinder element adhesively bonded, using a non-solvent adhesive, to a bearing/drive element. To insure secure attachment of the bearing/drive element to the cylinder element, the adhesively bonded surface of the cylinder resin element is activated, by ultraviolet light in the wavelength range of 180 to 255 nm or by corona discharge, prior to bonding. The volume resistivity of the cylinder element 1 is 10.sup.4 .OMEGA.-cm. The most suitable resins that can be used for cylinder element 1 include thermoplastic resins including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyphenylene sulfide, and thermosetting resins including phenol, melamine, epoxy, and unsaturated polyester. Both groups should be made conductive in the range of 10.sup.4 .OMEGA.-cm, or less, resistivity. The required conductivity can achieved by adding carbon black to the chosen material of which cylinder element 1 is made.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member having a two electrically conductive ground plane layers including a layer including zirconium over a layer including titanium, a siloxane hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer including a polyarylate film forming resin, an intermediate layer over and in contact with the adhesive layer, the intermediate layer including a carbazole polymer, a charge generation layer comprising benzimidazole perylene particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder of poly(4,4'-diphenyl-1,1'-cyclohexane carbonate), and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: In an organic photoconductor for electrophotography, improved adhesiveness is realized between a substrate that contains a crosslinked polyphenylene sulfide as its main component and an organic photoconductor layer on the substrate. The substrate is cylindrical and conductive. With A denoting the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate and B denoting the thermal expansion coefficient of the organic photoconductor layer, the improvement is realized when 1/2.gtoreq.A/B.gtoreq. 1/4.

Abstract: A process for producing an aluminum pipe is disclosed which has the steps of cutting the aluminum pipe on its periphery, and thereafter carrying out rotary pressure rolling. Also, an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a device unit, an electrophotographic apparatus and a developing roll having the aluminum pipe are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for coating flexible belt seams including providing a flexible belt having an outwardly facing surface and a welded seam, forming a smooth liquid coating on the welded seam, the liquid coating comprising a film forming polymer and a fugitive liquid carrier in which the belt surface is substantially insoluble, and removing the fugitive liquid carrier to form a smooth solid coating on the seam.

Abstract: The present invention provides an indirect type lithographic printing original plate which can afford a high-quality print without causing scumming in the background area. The indirect type lithographic printing original plate includes a substrate and a zinc oxide-dispersed resin layer formed on the surface of the substrate, the substrate being a plastic film or sheet containing 1 to 40% by weight of a polymer antistatic agent having a melting point of not less than 90.degree. C., and wherein the polymer antistatic agent is substantially insoluble in water and isopropyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a roughened substrate surface by wet honing the substrate surface with a composition including deionized water and substantially spherical glass beads. The process produces a photoreceptor substrate that eliminates interference fringe effects caused by reflection of coherent light without creating other printing defects such as white or black spots. A wet honing composition for producing such photoreceptors is also provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises: an electroconductive substrate consisting of an aluminum alloy having an iron content of 0.1 percent by weight or less; an intermediate layer formed on said electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer formed on the intermediate layer; and a charge transport layer formed on the charge generation layer. The intermediate layer comprises an alcohol-soluble resin and has a thickness of 0.5 .mu.m or more.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging structure is provided having at least one distinct outer layer including a rotary drum having an outer peripheral surface, a retainer either separate from or a part of the drum or a hold down mechanism, and a photosensitive member held down to the peripheral surface of the drum by the retainer or hold down mechanism.

Abstract: A photoconductive recording material containing a support and a charge generating layer (CGL) in contiguous relationship with a charge transporting layer (CTL) containing a n-charge transporting material (n-CTM), wherein the binder of said charge generating layer (CGL) is made insoluble in methylene chloride by crosslinking, and said binder is composed essentially of at least one resin (1) and/or (2) crosslinked with at least one polyisocyanate, said resin (1) before its crosslinking corresponding with general formula (I) as defined in the description, and said resin (2) being a dialkanolamine-modified epoxy resin.

Abstract: An organic photosensitive member for electrophotography is formed of a cylindrical supporting member and an organic photosensitive layer on an outer surface of the supporting member. The supporting member is formed of a material of 10.sup.4 ohm.multidot.cm in volume resistivity containing a cross-linking type polyphenylenesulfide resin as a main component, and a highly conductive carbon black of 10.sup.1 ohm.multidot.cm or less in volume resistivity. Thus, the supporting member has a light weight with good productivity and good chemical and thermal resistance. The supporting member can be made with dimensional accuracy despite its thin and long shape, and also has a uniform surface roughness, stable surface quality and good adhesion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member comprising a metal ground plane layer comprising at least 50 percent by weight zirconium, a siloxane hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer comprising a polyacrylate film forming resin, a charge generation layer comprising benzimidazole perylene particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder of poly(4,4'-diphenyl-1,1'-cyclohexane carbonate), and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: There is discloses a magnetic recording sheet comprising a substrate, a magnetic recording layer formed on one side of the substrate, an image recording layer formed on the other side of the substrate, a first subbing layer formed between the substrate at the magnetic recording layer, and preferably, a second subbing layer formed between the substrate and the image recording layer, said magnetic recording layer comprising a magnetic powder and an aqueous binder, said image recording layer comprising a binder, and said first and second subbing layers comprising a styrene-butadiene latex having a gel content of 5 to 75%. This magnetic recording sheet can be obtained without any trouble in its production process and is excellent in dimensional stability, magnetic recording properties, image-recording properties, etc.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a cylindrical device comprising having at least one distinct outer layer comprising providing a preformed rigid cylindrical support drum having a predetermined outer circumference, a first end and a second end, providing a flexible belt having an inner circumference at least about 0.05 percent smaller than the outer circumference of the support drum, circumferentially expanding the belt with a flowing fluid under pressure until the circumference of the inner surface of the belt adjacent the first end is stretched to a new dimension at least about 0.

Abstract: An electrostatic printing apparatus is arranged to generate an electrostatic latent image on an image supporting medium having an insulating releasing layer and a resin thin film layer formed successively on an electrically conductive substrate, to generate a toner image on the resin thin film layer by developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner solution, and to transfer the toner image together with the resin thin film layer to a recording medium by superposing the recording medium on the resin thin film layer of the image supporting medium with the toner image formed on the resin thin film layer and pressing and heating at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the resin thin film layer.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member is disclosed including a supporting substrate, at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one electrostatographic imaging layer capable of retaining an electrostatic latent image, wherein at least one electrically conductive layer of the imaging member includes an electrically conductive polymer. The electrically conductive layer may be a conductive ground plane, a ground strip layer and/or a conductive anti-curl back coating.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed by a cylindrical substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the cylindrical substrate. The cylindrical substrate has a circumferential end section adjacent to at least one longitudinal end of the cylindrical substrate, and the circumferential end section has the photosensitive layer thereon removed and has been subjected to cutting. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is characterized by the circumferential end section having a smooth surface on the cylindrical substrate. The photosensitive member co-operates with a peripheral member, such as a spacer or a sealing member, at the end section in performing a stable electrophotographic process.

Abstract: An electorphotographic photoreceptor comprises an electroconductive support at least whose indentation hardness of surface is 100 and over on the Vickers hardness scale; a photoconductive layer comprising amorphous silicon containing at least one of hydrogen and halogen; and a surface layer comprising at least one of an amorphous silicon layer containing at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon, and an amorphous carbon layer containing at least one of not exceeding 50 atm. % of hydrogen and halogen. This photoreceptor is long-lived and causing no image defects that would otherwise develop in connection with the support, and it can be applied to an energy-saving, low-cost and highly reliable electrophotographic process and apparatus.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, including a substrate having thereon a photosensitive layer, wherein the substrate is subjected to a wet honing treatment with an abrasive agent which has a Knoop hardness of 1500 to 2900 kg/mm.sup.2, a 50% particle size of 5 to 55 .mu.m in terms of cumulative percentage, and a bulk specific gravity of 0.75 to 1.6 g/ml, at a spraying speed of 20 to 75 m/sec.

Abstract: A standard whole blood composition is disclosed, which is useful as a pooled human hemostasis reference standard in blood coagulation assays including Activated Clotting Time (ACT), Whole Blood Prothrombin Time (WBPT), Whole Blood Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (WBAPTT) and Whole Blood Thrombin time (WBTT). Also disclosed are methods for determining the human standardized potency of heparin and protamine.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a flexible electrophotographic imaging members including providing a flexible substrate including a biaxally oriented thermoplastic polymer web coated with at least one thermoplastic adhesive layer, vapor depositing on the adhesive layer a thin charge generating layer, cooling the charge generating layer to induce strain in the charge generating layer as well as at the interface between the charge generating layer and the substrate, heating the flexible substrate to shrink the biaxally oriented thermoplastic polymer web and substantially remove the strain from the charge generating layer, and forming a layer of a charge transport coating solution on the charge generating layer, the charge transport coating solution including a charge transporting film forming polymer matrix, and solvent for the film forming polymer matrix, and drying the charge transport coating solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hydrazone compound of the following general formula (I). This compound presents a higher hole mobility as compared with a conventional electric charge transferring material such as a conventional hydrazone compound or the like. Accordingly, when a photosensitive layer contains, as the electric charge transferring material, the hydrazone compound of the present invention, there can be obtained an electrophotosensitive material which is excellent in sensitivity and charging ability and has high repeating characteristics. ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 may be same as or different from one another, and each is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group, each of said alkyl, alkoxy, aralkyl and aryl groups may have a substituent group; A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, A.sup.5 and A.sup.