Abstract: A toner for developing latent electrostatic images comprising a copolymer having as an essential component a monomer unit derived from an imido group-containing unsaturated monomer of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined in the specification, has excellent properties such as resistance to adhesion to plasticized polyvinyl chloride, high image density, resistance to fogging, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid electrophotographic developer comprising a resin prepared by polymerizing selected monomers to provide a developer composition having good storage stability and redispersibility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to toners for developing electrostatically charged images which are comprised of a polyester binder resin condensed from diols of the formula ##STR1## with a polyhydric carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof wherein the polyhydric carboxylic acid is a mixture of dihyridic carboxylic acid or its alkylesters and about 30 mole % to about 80 mole % of the total acid content of more hydric carboxylic acids or therein hydrids.

Abstract: An electrostatographic suspension developer contains a dispersed pigment and a copolymer ofA. cationic monomers which contain ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium groups and of which the anions are derived from CH-acidic or sulfur- or phosphorus-containing acidic compounds containing at least one C.sub.6 -C.sub.24 hydrocarbon radical andB. radically polymerizable, olefinically unsaturated compounds as comonomersin an electrically insulating carrier liquid having a volume resistivity of at least 10.sup.9 ohm. cm and a dielectric constant below 3.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic image excellent in harmonization of hot roller fixability, anti-offset characteristic and durability is provided by melt-kneading a binder resin and a colorant and pulverizing the kneaded product. The binder resin comprises a polymer having at least three peaks or shoulders in its chromatogram obtained by gel permeation chromatography, wherein the at least three peaks or shoulders include a peak or shoulder A having the largest molecular weight Ma of 2,000 to 80,000, a peak or shoulder C having the smallest molecular weight Mc satisfying, the relationship of Mc/Ma.gtoreq.150, and a peak or shoulder B having an intermediate molecular weight between the Ma and Mc.

Abstract: A pressure-fixable capsule toner for electrophotography having characteristics such as good combination of fixability and durability and also a stable charge controlling characteristic is provided. The core materials typically are of polyethylene or paraffin wax. The shell material is a vinyl polymer characterized by low molecular weight distribution represented by a ratio of weight-average molecular weight/number average molecular weight of not larger than 3.5. The vinyl polymer is preferably a copolymer of styrene or a derivative thereof and a tertiary amino-group containing vinyl monomer.

Abstract: A liquid electrophoretic developer composition suitable for rendering visible electrostatically charged areas, which composition contains in an electrically insulating non-polar carrier liquid having a volume resistivity of at least 10.sup.9 ohm.cm and a dielectric constant less than 3, dispersed coloring matter acting as toner particles and at least one polymer comprising cationic groups neutralized with counter anions, the said cationic groups being positively charged groups of metal ion containing coordination compounds.

Abstract: A toner, fixable sufficiently at lower temperatures to afford energy saving, particularly suitable for high speed fixing and also good in off-set resistance with a broad applicable temperature range for fixing, is obtained from a heat-fixable dry system toner comprising in a binder resin a non-linearly modified low melting polyester having an acid value of 10 to 60 obtained from components containing (A) an alkyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and/or an alkyl-substituted diol, (B) a trivalent or more polycarboxylic acid and/or a trivalent or more polyol, (C) a dicarboxylic acid, and (D) an etherated diphenol.

Abstract: A process for preparing a developer for electrostatic images comprising: (1) immersing carrier beads in an organic solution of a resin material comprising a 1,2-butadiene or cyclized cis-1,4-butadiene homopolymer, or a mixture of at least one of the homopolymers and a styrene butadiene copolymer; evaporating the organic solvent of the solution, drying the immersed beads, and curing the resin material by a rotary drying method, to form a resin coating on the carrier beads; (2) blending toner materials at a temperature sufficient to form a toner mass, the toner materials comprising: (a) a binder resin, (b) a colorant, and (c) a charge controlling agent; and (3) pulverizing the blended toner mass to form toner particles and mixing the obtained toner particles with the coated carrier in a predetermined ratio of the total surface area of the carrier to the total projection area of the toner particles.

Abstract: A liquid electrophoretic developer composition suitable for rendering visible electrostatically charged areas, which composition contains in an electrically insulating non-polar organic carrier liquid having a volume resistivity of at least 10.sup.9 ohm.cm and a dielectric constant less than 3, pigment particles carrying at least one substance conferring electric charges on said particles, dispersed with the aid of a block copolymer containing one adsorbent group A and at least one solvatable group B, characterized in that said group A represents a polystyrene chain having a number average molecular weight of at least 2,000, and said group B represents a polymethacrylate fatty alcohol ester chain having a number average molecular weight of at least 7,000. The adsorption of said block copolymer to pigment particles is illustrated in FIG. 1.

Abstract: A developer material for electrostatic images comprising a mixture of (1) a coated carrier and (2) a toner.(1) The carrier consists of core beads coated with a coating resin comprising a butadiene homopolymer of a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 100,000, for the butadiene homopolymer is 1,2-polybutadiene and/or cyclized cis-1,4-polybutadiene or a mixture of at least one of these homopolymers and a styrene/butadiene copolymer of a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 100,000, the mixture containing from 7.5 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the mixture, of butadiene in polymerized form.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner composition having excellent blocking resistance and offset resistance which contains as a resin binder a polymeric rosin compound having a glass transition temperature of 30.degree. and 100.degree. C. and a gel fraction of 1 to 99% to xylene prepared by the reaction of (a) a glycidyl ester of rosin, (b) a dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride, and (c) a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of a polyfunctional epoxy compound, a polycarboxylic acid having a valency of not less than 3 or its anhydride, and a polyhydric alcohol having a valency of not less than 3. A dihydric alcohol may be used in the above reaction in order to improve the low temperature fixing property of the toner.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner composition having excellent blocking resistance and offset resistance which contains as a resin binder a polymeric rosin compound having a softening point of 50.degree. to 190.degree. C., a glass transition temperature of 10.degree. to 170.degree. C. and a molecular weight of 2,000 to 40,000 prepared by the reaction of (a) a glycidyl ester of rosin, (b) a dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride, and (c) a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of a polyfunctional epoxy compound, a polycarboxylic acid having a valency of not less than 3 or its anhydride, and a polyhydric alcohol having a valency of not less than 3. A dihydric alcohol may be used in the above reaction in order to improve the low temperature fixing property of the toner.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image characterized by a vinyl copolymer whose acid value is in the range of about 5 to 100.

Abstract: The present application relates to a novel toner for developing electrostatic latent images. The toner contains a colorant and a resin wherein the resin contains at least one particular type of polymer which has a Mw/Mn ratio of from 3.5 to 40 wherein the Mn value is about between 2,000 and 30,000.

Abstract: A method for developing an electrostatic latent image on a nonporous surface using a self-fixing liquid developer is described. The developer contains a volatile, electrically insulating carrier, and toner particles, dispersed in the carrier, containing a polymer binder which has a Tg within the range from about -10.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. Upon application of the developer to a latent image and evaporating the liquid carrier from the image, the toner particles fix to the surface without externally applied heat other than from ambient conditions.

Abstract: A magnetic toner or ink is used in an electrophotography. It comprises a resinous component and a magnetic having a spinel structure and having the formula ##EQU1## wherein M represents at least one of Mn, Ni, Co, Mg, Cu, Zn or Cd; and x is in a range of 0.5 to 1 and y is in a range of 0.1 to 0.571.

Abstract: A water fixable toner powder is provided for making powder images that can be transferred and fixed with good image quality onto receiving material such as paper by being covered with water, squeegeed and subsequently pressed against the receiving material. The individual particles of the toner powder consist essentially of hydrolyzed polyvinyl ester that is swellable but insoluble in water at a temperature up to 30.degree. C., such preferably as polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydroylsis above 98% and an average molecular weight of at least 4,000, together with finely divided filler material that is insoluble and non-swellable in water and is present in an amount of between 10 and 60% by volume. Other additives such as coloring material and/or a polarity control agent may also be present in the binder of hydrolyzed polyvinyl ester. Preferred forms of the toner particles are porous and have a specific surface of between 0.6 and 2m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner comprising a constituent resin and a colorant, in which the constituent resin has a softening point ranging from room temperature to 170.degree. C. and comprises (a) a copolymer of cinnamic acid and one or more vinyl monomers, (b) a mixture of a copolymer as defined in (a) and a polymer having good compatibility therewith, (c) a mixture of a copolymer as defined in (a) and cinnamic acid, (d) a mixture of a polymer as defined in (b) and cinnamic acid, or (e) a mixture of a mixture as defined in (b) and cinnamic acid, the cinnamic acid content of the constituent resin being from 1 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the constituent resin in the case of cinnamic acid copolymerized with one or more vinyl monomers and from 0.1 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the constituent resin in the case of cinnamic acid present in the uncombined state.

Abstract: A complex system for developing electrostatic images, and particularly a toner which contains a metal complex represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein a or b is a benzene ring moiety or cyclohexene ring moiety with or without C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 alkyl substituents, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 alkyl or a substituent which may be in the form of a benzene ring moiety or cyclohexene ring moiety with or without C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 alkyl substituents, provided that both R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen at the same time, Me is Cr, Co or Fe, and X is a counter ion such as hydrogen or sodium. The metal complex has good compatibility with the resin component of the toner and is substantially colorless, imparting outstanding durability to the toner.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a developer composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, carrier particles, and a charge enhancing additive of the following formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl radical containing from about 1 carbon atom to about 25 carbon atoms, A is an anion, and x, y and z are numbers representing the weight percent of monomer present, wherein z is equal to about 1 weight percent to about 50 weight percent, and the sum of x plus y is equal to 100 minus z, thus this sum is equal to about 50 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, accordingly, the total sum of x+y+z is equal to about 100 weight percent; which compositions are useful in causing the development of electrostatic latent images in electrostatographic imaging systems wherein the photoresponsive device utilized is charged negatively.

Abstract: Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts are employed as charge control agents for fusible dry electrophotographic toners.

Abstract: A dry toner that is heat-fixable and/or press-fixable is disclosed, comprising (a) a colorant; and (b) a graft copolymer comprising (i) a crystalline polymer having a melting point of from 45.degree. C. to 200.degree. C., which is prepared from one or more monomers selected from ethylene, propylene and vinyl acetate, and (ii) an amorphous polymer having a glass transition point of 45.degree. C. or more, which is prepared from one or more vinyl monomers.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid developer for electrostatic photography is disclosed. In the process, a dispersion of fine polymer particles in a non-polar solvent is mixed with a dye that is insoluble in said non-polar solvent and which is soluble in the monomer which is at least one component of the polymer. The polymer particles are then colored by removing from the dispersion a second solvent which dissolves the dye, is miscible with the non-polar solvent and which is capable of swelling at least part of the polymer in such a manner that said second solvent is present in said dye-containing polymer dispersion while the removal is continued.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a positively charged dry developer composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, carrier particles, and a telomeric quaternary salt charge enhancing additive of the formula:[A.sub.x B.sub.y ].sub.Zwherein A represents a segment which is soluble/dispersible in the resin particles, B represents a quaternary salt segment, x and y are numbers representing mole fractions of A and B, the sum of x and y being equal to 1, and Z represents the degree of polymerization, wherein there results a telomeric quaternary salt having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000, and to a method of developing electrostatic latent images utilizing such compositions.

Abstract: A charge carrier member comprising an intermediate layer composed of a heat-resistant resin containing electrically conductive material, a charge carrier layer composed of a heat-resistant resin, and a support member. The support member is an electrically conductive support member or consists of an electrically conductive member which is provided on an insulating member. A method of forming a copy image which comprises a step for forming an electrostatic latent image on the charge carrier member, a step for converting the electrostatic latent image into a toner image using a developing agent, and a step for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermally stable liquid negative developer comprising an organic liquid carrier, a pigment, a stabilizing gel on the borderline of solubility in the carrier, a latex which imparts a fixative function to the developer, and a two component charge control agent. The charge control agent consists of a first polymer, soluble in the carrier, having a basic character because of the inclusion of pyrrolidone or hydroxylated alkyl groups, and a second polymer, insoluble or on the borderline of solubility in the carrier, having an acid character because of the inclusion of free halogenated groups, and containing a minor amount of carrier soluble moieties. The two components may constitute separate ingredients, or either or both components may be incorporated into the structure of other developer components. Thus, the basic component may be included in the gel, and the acid component included in the latex.

Abstract: This invention relates to a positively charged dry developer composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, carrier particles, and a telomeric amine charge enhancing additive of the formula:[A.sub.x B.sub.y ].sub.Zwherein A is a segment that is soluble/dispersible in the resin particles, B is an amine segment, x and y are numbers representing mole fractions of A and B, the sum of x and y being equal to 1, and Z represents the degree of polymerization, wherein there results a telomeric amine having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000; and to a method for developing electrostatic latent images utilizing such compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a developer composition which has improved depletion characteristics. The developer comprises an organic carrier containing latex particles comprising a major amount of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 lower alkyl acrylate or methacrylate polymer, a pigment system, a charge control agent consisting of a copolymer of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 lower alkyl vinyl ether and a vinyl chloride, and an acrylic polymer gel for stabilizing the dispersion. The developer may be used in conventional copying equipment to make greater than about 20,000 copies of acceptable image density.

Abstract: A particulate composite developer for electrophotography is disclosed, which has a novel dispersion structure comprising a continuous phase consisting of a homogeneous mixture of a resin and a pigment and a dispersed phase consisting of spherical particles of a soft parting or fixing material having an emulsion grade size and being dispersed in the continuous phase. This particulate developer has in combination improved adaptability to the developing operation, excellent transferring and cleaning properties, good ability to form a sharp image free of fog and good fixing property not causing an offset phenomenon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a one-component type magnetic developer which comprises a binder medium and 45 to 65% by weight, based on the total developer, of fine particles of a magnetic material dispersed in the binder medium, the binder medium comprising a homopolymer of an aromatic vinyl monomer or a copolymer of (a) at least one aromatic vinyl monomer with (b) at least one mono- or di-ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than the aromatic vinyl monomer and having a weight average molecular weight of 75,000 to 150,000, wherein the electrostatic capacity as determined under conditions of an electrode spacing of 0.65 mm, an electrode sectional area of 1.43 cm.sup.2 and an electrode load of 105 g/cm.sup.2 is 7.8 to 11.7 PF (picofarad), the dielectric constant is 4 to 6 as determined under the above conditions and the electric resistance is at least 5.times.10.sup.13 .OMEGA.-cm as determined under the above conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a developer composition which in use exhibits improved depletion characteristics and produces copies of high image density. The developer comprises an organic carrier containing a pigment system, a charge control agent, and a "gelatex" which acts as a fixitive and a dispersant. The gelatex comprises a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymer and a multiply-branched, vinyl polymer which physically entraps or entangles the carrier-insoluble polymer and is on the borderline of solubility in the carrier. The gelatex component is present in the carrier as a stable dispersion and is substantially uniformly depleted as multiple copies are produced, resulting in a significantly reduced rate of image density deterioration as multiple copies are produced.

Abstract: Disclosed are toners comprised of a colorant or pigment in a resin of an acrylate polymer of the following typical formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, or substituted alkyl radicals, R.sup.2 is independently selected from alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl radicals and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl; radicals x is an anion, n is a number of from 1 to about 20 and w, y and z are numbers of from 20 to about 1,400, or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl or substituted alkyl radicals; R.sup.2 is alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, or substituted aryl radicals; R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl radicals, and y and z are numbers of from 20 to about 1,400.

Abstract: An electrostatographic toner composition including a colorant and polyether polymer of a dihydric phenol and an alkylene ether glycol.

Abstract: Disclosed are positively charged toner compositions comprised of a thermoplastic resin, a pigment or colorant, and a charge inducing additive containing an amido dialkyl hydroxy ammonium compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrocarbon radicals containing up to 22 carbon atoms; and more specifically R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 carbon atom to about 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently selected from alkylene radicals having up to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms; and A is an anion such as nitrate, dihydrogen phosphate, methyl hydrogen phosphate, and dimethyl phosphate. Developers containing these positively charged toner materials are prepared by adding carrier materials thereto.

Abstract: A toner composition for electrostatic photography which comprises (A) toner powder comprising a base resin and a coloring agent and having an average particle size of not more than 30 microns and (B) silica powder coated on its surface with the base resin of the toner powder.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment, and an alkyl picolinium compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is a halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate, and R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms. These toners when combined with carrier materials can be used as developers in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: A ferrite powder type magnetic toner used in an electrophotography. It comprises a resinous component and a ferrite having a spinel structure comprising components of iron oxide at a ratio of 99.9 to 51 mole % as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 and at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide and cadmium oxide at a ratio of 0.1 to 49 mole % as MO wherein M represents Ni, Co, Mg, Cu, Zn or Cd.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid developer for use in color electrophotography for obtaining a photographic image by subjecting an electrostatic latent image to liquid development, and more particularly it relates to such a liquid developer for electrophotography comprising a coloring agent, a binder and an electrically insulating liquid, the particles of said coloring agent having coated or distributed thereon aluminum or zinc hydroxide.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed to magnetic toners comprised of a styrene butadiene copolymer resin, and a cubically shaped magnetite material, which toners have a fusing latitude range of at least 30 degrees Fahrenheit up to a maximum temperature of 390 degrees Fahrenheit. Toners having melt fusing temperatures of from about 300 degrees Fahrenheit to about 375 degrees Fahrenheit are desirable. The preferred cubical magnetite used is Mapico Black, which is present in amounts of from about 40 percent to about 70 percent. The toners of the present invention are useful for example in magnetic imaging systems, especially systems employing heat pressure fusing and high speed fusing systems.

Abstract: Magnetic toner employable as a developer for electrophotographic duplication system consisting of the steps of developing electrostatic latent image on a carrier, overlaying a copying sheet on said carrier of developed image, and transferring the developed image to said sheet, characterized by containing magnetic fine particles of a electric resistivity from 10.sup.9 .about.10.sup.16 .OMEGA..multidot.cm (at 4000 V/cm DC) and dielectric constant from 2.6.about.5.

Abstract: Toner compositions comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment and an alkyl morpholinium compound of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is selected from halides such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate or nitrate.

Abstract: A liquid developer for electrostatic latent images wherein a surface active agent and a terpene polymer are dispersed in a highly insulative carrier liquid together with a toner to encapsulate the toner particles with the polymer.

Abstract: An image-forming method using a developer comprising as the main component ferromagnetic and insulating toner particles. Said method comprises the steps of holding said developer on a delivery member by a magnetic force, causing the developer to tuft at the developing position and to fall in contact with an electrostatic latent image-supporting member, developing the electrostatic latent image and forming a toner image by the toner particles charged predominantly by mutual friction of the toner particles, and transferring the toner image onto a plain paper superimposed on the electrostatic latent image-supporting member by electrostatic transfer means. Said developer has a specific resistance of at least 10.sup.14 .OMEGA.-cm and the potential decay ratio of the developed developer is lower than 50% as measured according to the method defined in the specification.

Abstract: A pressure fixable capsule toner encapsulated with an insulating material is featured by a main particle size located within a range from 5 to 25.mu., by a particle size distribution that at least 70% in number of the toner particles are within a size range of .+-.3.mu. of the main particle size, and by a relationship 0.02.ltoreq.(a-b)/b.ltoreq.0.4 wherein a and b respectively stand for the main particle size of the capsule toner and core material in microns.

Abstract: Disclosed are positive toners comprised of a toner resin, a colorant, or pigment, and an alkyl picolinium compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an anion which in a preferred embodiment is a halide such as chloride, bromide, or iodide, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate and nitrate, and R is a hydrocarbon radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms. These toners when combined with carrier materials can be used as developers in electrophotographic systems.

Abstract: Toners comprised of a resin and a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## in which at least two R radicals are hydrocarbon radicals having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and each other R is a hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and A is an anion for example, sulfate, sulfonate, nitrate, borate, chlorate, and the halogens such as iodide, chloride, and bromide. Methods of their formation and use in various electrophotographic imaging systems is disclosed. The quaternary ammonium compound is generally present as a coating on a pigment that is used in the toner, such pigment being for example carbon black. Toners containing the above described quaternary ammonium compounds generally result in a toner containing a positive charge thus allowing development of negative images that may be formed on photoreceptors, especially organic photoreceptors.