Abstract: A chemiluminescent detecting method includes the steps of uniformly irradiating with radiation a stimulable phosphor sheet formed with a stimulable phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor which can store an energy of radiation and be stimulated by visible light to emit the energy of radiation in a form of light, thereby storing energy of radiation uniformly therein, selectively labeling a biopolymer with a labeling substance which can produce chemiluminescent light by contact of itself and a chemiluminescent substance, causing the biopolymer labeled with the labeling substance and the chemiluminescent substance to come into contact with each other, and exposing the stimulable phosphor sheet to chemiluminescent light produced by the contact of the biopolymer labeled with the labeling substance and the chemiluminescent substance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a charge generating layer and a heterogeneous charge transport layer, the charge transport layer having regions of charge transport and inactive regions and the charge transporting regions are in contact with each other. This imaging member has characteristics that enable high quality and high contrast imaging.

Abstract: A method and probes for specifically and sensitively detecting, identifying, and quantitating any organism category or group of organisms containing RNA in a sample is disclosed. The nucleic acids of the organisms present in the sample are brought together with a marked probe comprising nucleic acid molecules which are complementary only to nucleic acid containing sequences complementary to RNA sequences known to be conserved in an organism, category or group of organisms. The probe in sample nucleic acid mixture is incubated under nucleic acid hybridization conditions and then assayed to determine the degree of hybridization that has occurred. Hybridization indicates the presence and identity of the organism, category or group of organisms in the sample. The quantity of RNA present in the sample can be determined and compared to that normally present in the known organisms to determine the number of organisms present. Batteries of sequentially more specific probes can also be utilized.

Abstract: A method for specifically and sensitively detecting, identifying, and quantitating any non-viral organism, category or group of organisms containing ribosomal RNA in a sample is disclosed. The nucleic acids of the organisms present in the sample are brought together with a marked probe comprising nucleic acid molecules which are complementary only to ribosomal RNA subsequences known to be conserved in an organism, category or group or organisms. The probe and sample nucleic acid mixture is incubated under nucleic acid hybridization conditions and then assayed to determine the degree of hybridization that has occurred. Hybridization indicates the presence and identity of the organism, category or group or organisms in the sample. The quantity of ribosomal RNA present in the sample can be determined and compared to that normally present in the known organisms to determine the number of organisms present. Batteries of sequentially more specific probes can also be utilized.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and carbons atoms, the first layer containing an element for controlling the conductivity in unevenly distributed state, the second layer containing an element for controlling the conductivity in uniformly distributed state. The first layer may contain germanium atoms in an uniformly distributed state in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate.

Abstract: A cadmium carbonate/cadmium sulfide photoconductor is made by mixing solutions containing carbonate, cadmium and copper ions to form CdCO.sub.3 :Cu precipitate which is subsequently converted to CdCO.sub.3 /CdS:Cu by bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas through a hot aqueous suspension of the CdCO.sub.3 :Cu precipitate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is used for electrophotography, has a high dark resistivity and a high durability and achieves high charge acceptability and retentivity, the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a substrate, a photoconductive layer, a barrier layer provided between the substrate and the photoconductive layer for substantially inhibiting injection of carriers from the substrate to the photoconductive layer, and a covering layer provided on the photoconductive layer, wherein the layers are formed of amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide doped with impurities.

Abstract: An infrared responsive cadmium selenide photoconductor is prepared by blending cadmium selenide, copper-containing cadmium selenide mix and cadmium chloride, and then firing the blend at 425.degree. C.

Abstract: A copper activated photoconductor is disclosed having reduced photosensitivity and the general formula X:Cu wherein X is selected from the group consisting of CdS, CdSe, and Cd(S,Se), and an iron content of from about 0.01% to about 0.05% by weight the presence of which reduces the photosensitivity of the photoconductor by about 30%.A process is disclosed for reducing the photosensitivity of a photoconductor. The process involves forming a relatively uniform admixture consisting essentially of copper, iron, the copper and iron being added in amounts which result in a copper level of from about 0.01% to about 0.09% and an iron content of from about 0.01% to about 0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photoconductive layer composed of cadmium sulfide bonded with a binder resin which is an acrylic resin having a glass transition point of 15.degree. to 70.degree. C. and an acid value of 10-40.

Abstract: An organic film comprising at least one compound of the following formulae (1)-(5): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.11 and R.sub.13 each represent substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R.sub.12 represents substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and A.sup..crclbar. represents an anionic residue; ##STR2## wherein R.sub.21, R.sub.22, and R.sub.24 each represent substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R.sub.23 represents substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and A.sup..crclbar. represents an anionic residue; ##STR3## wherein R.sub.31, R.sub.33, and R.sub.35 each represent substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R.sub.32 and R.sub.34 each represent substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and A.sup..crclbar. represents an anionic residue; ##STR4## wherein R.sub.41 represents alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted styryl, R.sub.42 represents substituted or unsubstituted arylene, R.sub.43 represents substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and A.sup..crclbar.

Abstract: A method of recording information by projecting electromagnetic radiation to a recording medium, wherein a first electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength region to which the recording medium has its principal sensitivity is uniformly imparted to the recording medium, and, while the hysteresis remains, a second electromagnetic radiation a wavelength longer than said first wavelength region and which bears thereon the information to be recorded is projected onto the recording medium, thereby increasing the sensitivity of said recording medium with respect to said second electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Polymeric photoconductors are disclosed comprising a condensation polymer backbone containing, as repeating units, the condensation residues of (1) a diacid, and (2) an organic difunctional compound capable of undergoing condensation polymerization with said diacid, and an arylamine photoconductor group appended to at least one of said diacid or said organic difunctional compound residues.A preferred polymeric photoconductor is ionic and comprises a condensation copolymer containing, in addition to the above described repeating units, the condensation residue of a second diacid containing an anionic iminodisulfonyl or sulfo group. In certain embodiments, the ionic arylamine-containing polymers are water-dispersible copolyesters.The polymeric photoconductors described are useful in photoconductive compositions and elements. Electrophotographic processes employing such elements are also disclosed.

Abstract: A photoconductive film comprising a photo-conductive layer which is mainly made of selenium and a region added with tellurium in a direction of the thickness of the layer, wherein at least either one of a portion in a direction of hole flow of said region added with tellurium and a portion in the hole flow of another region which is located adjacent to said region added with tellurium is doped with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a fluoride and elements which belong to the group II, III and VII, which are capable of forming a negative space charge in selenium, at a concentration in a range of 10 ppm to 1% by weight on an average. Typical examples of such oxide, fluoride and element include CuO, In.sub.2 O.sub.3, SeO.sub.2, V.sub.2 O.sub.5, MoO.sub.3, WO.sub.3, GaF.sub.2 InF.sub.3, Zn, Ga, In, Cl, I, Br and the like. The after image characteristic ascribable to incident light of high intensity can be significantly improved.

Abstract: A process for producing photoconductive cadmium sulfide by introducing hydrogen sulfide into an aqueous solution containing cadmium ion comprizes, after completion of the first reaction of the cadmium ion with the hydrogen sulfide, repeating the reaction operation of adding further cadmium ion to the reaction mixture to cause the additional cadmium ion to react with the hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method suitable for a toner image transfer type copying apparatus is disclosed. Using a photosensitive member which comprises at least a photoconductive layer formed over a conductive base which is prepared from a dispersion of a photoconductive material including at least cadmium sulfide in a binder resin and in which a portion of photosensitive member is used repeatedly for forming an image of original to be copied, the method is characterized by performing a first step of charging said photosensitive member to high potential and to the same polarity as applied thereto for the formation of electrostatic latent images and subsequently exposing to light to sensitize said photosensitive member, said high potential being high enough to saturate the degree of sensitization; and a second step of charging the photosensitive member after the first step, and subsequently exposing the photosensitive member to an optical image to form an electrostatic latent image thereon.

Abstract: A photoconductor material having high sensitivity to infrared light is provided therefore making it suitable for use in laser printers. The photoconductor of this invention has a dark decay of approximately 40 volts/second, thereby enhancing the use of this invention with infrared laser printers as compared to prior art infrared sensitive photoconductors. The photoconductor of this invention comprises cadmium sulfide (CdS), cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium carbonate (CdCO.sub.3) and cadmium oxide (CdO) in a binder, and preferably also includes a small amount of copper dopant. The photoconductor of this invention is prepared by adding ammonia to a suspension of cadmium sulfide/cadmium carbonate in water and then adding hydrogen selenide to this suspended solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive plate for electrophotography, which comprises a conductive substrate and a layer of a composition formed by dispersing a photoconductor in a binder resin, which is formed on the substrate, wherein the resin binder comprises an epoxy resin component and an amine type curing agent component and the resin binder further comprises an acid anhydride as the ozone deterioration preventing agent.This photosensitive plate is excellent in the ozone resistance and the moisture resistance.

Abstract: A process for preparing photoconductive cadmium sulfide comprising steps of forming precipitated cadmium sulfide particles, primarily firing said cadmium sulfide particles, deionizing said cadmium sulfide particles, and secondarily firing said cadmium sulfide particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive material for electrophotography comprising a conductive substrate and a layer of a composition comprising a dispersion of a photoconductive pigment in a binder resin, which is formed on the conductive substrate, wherein a (dialkypyrophosphato) organic titanate is incorporated into said composition.This photosensitive material is excellent in the ozone resistance and the moisture resistance.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photoconductive layer containing photoconductive particles each of which has a water insoluble compound of a metal element of Group VIII of the Periodic Table deposited on the surface.

Abstract: A photoreceptor device comprises a conductive substrate and an electrophotographic layer thereon. The electrophotographic layer comprises copper-chlorine activated cadmium sulfide blended with a light-absorbing material.

Abstract: Cadmium sulfide particles are heated in a solution of a compound capable of generating sulfur when heated. The cadmium sulfide thus treated is suitable for a photoconductive material for electrophotography.

Abstract: Photoconductive particles are prepared by the reaction of a water-soluble metal salt with an ion exchange resin having an anion which reacts with the metal ion of the water-soluble metal salt to produce a water insoluble metal compound and the deposition of the water insoluble metal compound resulting from the reaction on the surface of the photoconductive particles.

Abstract: A copper-activated mercury-containing cadmium selenide telluride infrared-responsive photoconductor.

Abstract: An image-forming method suitable particularly for copying using image exposure wavelengths of 700 to 850 nm such as are experienced with semiconductor laser beam printers. Useful photosensitive members include photoconductive layer prepared from a dispersion of a photoconductive material including at least cadmium sulfide in a resin binder. The photosensitive member is sequentially subjected to a plurality of prehysteresis operations, each comprising electrostatically charging the member and uniformly exposing the same to light until the photosensitivity of the photosensitive member has been substantially stabilized.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor, formed on a conductive substrate by spray pyrolysis, comprising essentially a major amount of cadmium sulphide and a minor amount of zinc sulphide. The cadmium layer is at least three microns in thickness and is formed in three zones. The zone adjacent the metal substrate, adapted to form a contact layer, bears an amount of lead sulphide; the outermost zone, adapted to absorb light, is doped with a minor amount of copper to eliminate fatigue; and the intermediate zone, which is necessary to increase the surface potential, is adapted to transport light-generated charge and is doped with a minor amount of chlorine. The process is carried on in the atmosphere with three different aqueous solutions of reagents to form the three different zones. The photoconductive layer is microcrystalline in structure and bears adsorbed oxygen.

Abstract: Improvement in the humidity resistance of photoconductive cadmium sulfoselenide (CdSSe) is achieved by soaking commercially available CdSSe in a solution of vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer in an organic solvent, followed by removing the excessive solution and then heating the soaked photoconductive material.

Abstract: In a photosensitive member for electrophotography comprising a photoconductive layer containing photoconductive cadmium sulfide particles dispersed in a binder material, the member comprises a particular additive to the photoconductive layer, said additive being selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, cobalt and compounds thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotosensitive member having a photoconductive layer prepared by dispersing in a binding resin, photoconductive powder particles coated with a thermoplastic resin. By the use of the such photoconductive powder particles coated with the resin, there can be provided an electrophotosensitive member particularly excellent in the moisture resistant property.

Abstract: Cadium sulfide for electrophotography is produced by reacting hydrogen sulfide with a solution containing cadmium sulfate, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid of a low concentration, and then firing the resulting cadmium sulfide without adding a donor impurity other than that derived from the hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A photoconductive material for electrophotography is composed of photoconductive cadmium sulfide particles provided with a hydroxide, oxide or sulfide of a metal element or semiconductive element on the particle surface. The photoconductive material dispersed in a binder resin can be used as a photoconductive layer for an electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A photoconductive material of a fine crystal of a cadmium sulfide-type photoconductive compound, on the surface of the crystal a film-forming compound having a dehydrating function such as an isocyanate compound is deposited. The photoconductive material is employed for forming an electrophotographic material or a photo-cell.

Abstract: This invention is directed to photosensitive material for electrophotography and more particularly it is directed to the improvement of the properties with respect to humidity of photosensitive material by using photoconductive material in combination with ion exchange resin or by using photoconductive material which is previously washed in an aqueous solution in the presence of ion exchange resin.

Abstract: A photoconductive structure comprises an electrically insulating substrate bearing an evaporated metal electrode pattern, and a 60 to 150 nm thick polyimide film disposed between a sintered cadmium selenide layer and the substrate with the superposed electrode pattern. In the absence of the polyimide film, there had been unacceptable attack of the electrode structure and of silica substrates by the cadmium selenide.

Abstract: A photoconductive insulating layer for an electrophotographic sensitive member formed of a fine powder of CdS.nCdCO.sub.3, wherein 0<n.ltoreq.4, bonded by an insulating resin and having manganese stearate dispersed therein. Advantageously the CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 contains copper as an acceptor impurity in an amount of between about 0.025 and 0.1 grain atomic weight of copper per 100 gram atomic weight of cadmium, the manganese stearate is present in an amount of about 2 to 4 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 and is preferably adherent thereto, the layer is between 10 and 100 microns thick and the CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 particle size is about 1 to 2 microns or less. In producing the layer the CdS.nCdCO.sub.3 (Cu) is produced by reacting Cd, Cu and CO.sub.

Abstract: A photoconductive coating which comprises a crystalline deposit of a wholly inorganic material, in the preferred form comprising cadmium sulfide, of almost perfect stoichiometry, either with or without small amounts of dopant.The coating is deposited on a suitable substrate such as a thin, clear, flexible polyester sheet with an intervening layer of ohmic material such as indium-tin oxide in a sputtering method that results in unusual properties. The deposit can be made on metal substrates if desired, but the greater utility is in its application to a transparent substrate so that a transparent electrophotographic member is formed suitable for many uses.Two important properties worthy of mention are that the coating is such that a charge density may be maintained on its surface (surface charge) which is ten to one hundred times greater than known photoconductive coatings and that there is no photoconductive fatigue.

Abstract: The method of preparing a lithographic printing plate containing ink receptive printing image areas and water receptive non-printing background areas in which the plate consists of a substrate having on one side thereof in sequence an electrically conductive layer and a photoconductive layer consisting of fully crystalline inorganic photoconductive substance. The method comprises the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of said photoconductive layer, developing the electrostatic latent image to define the ink receptive printing image areas on the surface, and applying to the surface an aqueous chromic acid solution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor has a photoconductive layer on a substrate. The photoconductive layer comprises a photoconductor and a water-soluble compound which reacts with free anion released from the photoconductor to produce an unsoluble salt and contains anion having smaller equivalent ionic conductance than that of the free anion.

Abstract: A method of preparing a lithographic printing plate, and the resulting printing plate, by applying an acidified oxidizing agent such as aqueous potassium permanganate solution to the toned electrostatic latent image on the photoconductive layer of an electrophotographic member to define water-receptive non-printing areas. The thus treated surface may be washed or further treated with conventional ferrocyanide ion containing fountain solutions or gum arabic, but only if desired.

Abstract: An endless belt or cylinder in which the base or substrate is a conductive member and there is a coating of a wholly inorganic, microcrystalline, high quantum yield, electronically anisotropic photoconductive material on the substrate. The coating is capable of being charged and thereafter exposed to radiant energy from an object such as a scene or pattern for selectively discharging the coating and providing a latent image of the object on the coating. The latent image can thereafter be developed by toner and transferred to a receptor such as a sheet of paper, cloth and the like.The belt may be formed of highly flexible synthetic organic resin such as polyester or the like and in such case the coating will be deposited onto an intervening thin layer of an ohmic material.The cylinder may be a relatively rigid one of metal.The coating may be cadmium sulfide.The method of making the cylinder or belt comprises forming the cylinder or belt and placing same in a sputtering apparatus and r.f.

Abstract: A flexible metal printing cylinder having a coating of a crystalline photoconductive material thereon. The cylinder is an electrodeposited sleeve of nickel or similar material that is a fraction of a millimeter in thickness which is adapted to be mounted in a printing press in order to enable the press to print electrostatically. The coating is applied by r.f. sputtering and comprises a thin film layer of the order of about 2000 to 6000 Angstroms thick of a wholly inorganic, electronically anisotropic, crystalline, flexible, high gain photoconductive material, as for example ultrapure cadmium sulfide. The cylinder may have an image adhered to its surface which is of dry insulating toner.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is prepared by dispersing photoconductive particle in a binder resin in a solvent and forming a photoconductive film by removing the solvent. Transition temperature of the binder resin and the preparation temperature are to be selected in such a way that the balance between these temperatures is within a certain range.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for electrophotography which comprises a conductive support and two or more superimposed photosensitive layers where each layer comprises photoconductive powder and a binder, the particle size of the photoconductive powder in an upper layer being greater than that in a lower layer. Both high photosensitivity and high resistance to electrical impact are imparted to the photosensitive material.

Abstract: A method for obtaining multiple copies from apparatus including an electrophotographic member of the type in which the latent image is represented by charge not removed when toner is applied and thereafter transferred. The electrophotographic member with its latent image is repeatedly subjected to toning and transfer to respective multiple receptors without intervening charge and exposure. This may be done until the desired number of copies is made or until the image quality deteriorates by reason of dark decay. If additional copies are desired the electrophotographic member is again charged and exposed and thereafter toned and the image transferred repeatedly without intervening additional charge and exposure.Apparatus for effecting the method above and providing structure for carrying out the described steps include other functions such as automatically sensing quality and responding to a condition which requires a new cycle of charge and expose.

Abstract: An electrophotoconductive material having the molecular formula:Cd(S.sub.x Se.sub.1-x):yCu.zCl is improved by controlling x in the range of from about 0.95 to about 0.98, y from about 0.0001 to about 0.001 and z is from about 0.001 to about 0.0015. The materials also have a relatively narrow particle size distribution and a relatively fine particle size and the surfaces relatively free of p-type copper sulfide. The improved materials exhibit and maintain a large differential between the image voltage and the background voltage of in excess of 800 volts when the material is used as an electrophotoconductive layer in a photosensitive member of equipment used in electrophotograhic copying processes.

Abstract: A process for preparing raw particles of cadmium sulfide for electrophotography comprises reacting a solution containing cadmium ion and hydrochloric acid with hydorgen sulfide to make cadmium sulfide particles deposited from the solution.

Abstract: This invention is directed to photosensitive material for electrophotography and more particularly it is directed to the improvement of the properties with respect to humidity of photosensitive material by using photoconductive material in combination with ion exchange resin or by using photoconductive material which is previously washed in an aqueous solution in the presence of ion exchange resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process including the step of pre-exposing the surface of a photosensitive member to light at an exposure of no less than 10.sup.3 lx-sec, followed by the uniform charging of the same. The photosensitivity of this type photosensitive member in an image exposing step varies according to its prior history. This process further includes the step of exposing an image by projecting an optical image, corresponding to an original image, onto the photosensitive member thus charged for forming a clear electrostatic latent image, corresponding to the original image, on the surface of the photosensitive member.