Abstract: A gas burner comprising a gas nozzle 4 having a flame stabilizing plate 7 and gas jet orifices 8 at its top; and a burner corn 5 provided with a flame stabilizing plate 6 having secondary air passages 10 for combustion and primary air passages 9 for combustion formed between the flame stabilizing plate 6 itself and the outer periphery of the gas nozzle 4: the gas burner being characterized in that the primary air passages 9 for combustion are disposed so that primary air may pass between the flame stabilizing plate 6 and the outer periphery of the gas nozzle and may be mixed with a fuel gas 3 jetted through the gas jet orifices 8; the stream course of the mixed gas is changed to the periphery of the flame stabilizing plate 7 by this plate 7; and a part of the mixed gas is mixed with divided secondary air.

Abstract: A method and system for Very Low Temperature Ashing (VLTA). In one embodiment, there is provided a method of ashing solid fuel or combusted or partly combusted fuel or any organic and inorganic matrix which contains minerals in a furnace with a partial pressure less than atmospheric pressure including the step of mixing of oxygen and helium with a total pressure less than the atmospheric pressure and producing a plasma in which the mineral components in the samples are not being affected essentially, wherein the proportion of the gas mixture achieve a surface temperature not exceeding 150.degree. C. on the sample. In an alternative embodiment, there is provided a method of ashing solid fuel or combusted or partly combusted fuel or any organic and inorganic matrix which contains minerals in a surface with a plasma including the step of regulating the proportion between oxygen and helium by a reduction of oxygen content, wherein the surface temperature shall not exceed 150.degree. C.

Abstract: In a gas-operated premixing burner for the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, the fuel injected within a premixing space (21) by means of a plurality of nozzles (17) is intensively mixed with the combustion air prior to ignition. The nozzles are arranged around a burner axis (10). In order to influence the fuel profile at outlet from the burner in a specific manner, the fuel concentration in the region of the burner axis is kept greater than the average fuel concentration at the burner outlet plane (22). For this purpose, additional burner nozzles (23) are provided in the region of the burner axis (10). The additional burner nozzles (23) can be supplied via a separate fuel conduit (24).

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for reducing NO.sub.x production during combustion in an tangential burner. Air nozzles are arranged tangentially to a fuel/air nozzle and are tilted relative to the fuel air nozzle. Upon operation, spaces are formed between the air flow and the fuel flow which entrain laterally combustion gases thereby delaying mixing of the air and fuel flows. By this delay, NO.sub.x production is reduced.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cyclonic combustion with ultra-low pollutant emissions and high efficiency wherein a fuel and primary combustion air mixture is tangentially injected into a reducing primary combustion zone of a cyclonic combustor. The primary combustion air is injected into the reducing primary combustion zone in an amount equal to between about 30% and about 90% of a stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel. Secondary combustion air is tangentially injected into an oxidizing secondary combustion zone of the cyclonic combustor, in an amount equal to between about 10% and about 90% of the stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel. Primary combustion products from the reducing primary combustion zone are mixed with the tangentially injected secondary air for completing combustion within the oxidizing secondary combustion zone.

Abstract: The present invention provides an air-oxy-fuel method and apparatus in which fuel is burned in first and second stages of combustion having a fuel-rich and fuel-lean stoichiometry, respectively, to reduce NO.sub.x, emissions. The fuel is burned in the first stage of combustion in oxygen. The combustion of the fuel is completed in the second stage of combustion in the presence of air. Mixing of fuel and oxygen is effected by forming fuel and oxygen jets in close proximity to one another. Air is then swirled around the fuel and oxygen jets at a swirl ratio of no less than about 0.6 so that combustion products of the fast stage of combustion recirculate to obtain stable combustion of a very fuel-rich flame which is characterized by increased flame luminosity. The use of air allows for a lesser degree of swirling than had a single oxidant been used in both the fast and second stages of combustion because a greater mass of air is supplied than oxygen.

Abstract: A diluent injection burner apparatus capable of reducing the nitrogen oxide content in a combustion effluent, the diluent injection burner assembly provided with a burner head having an air flow passage extending therethrough and primary and secondary fuel dispensing nozzles supported within the airflow passageway and adapted to inject fuel into a downstream end portion of the burner head. A diluent manifold assembly is supported by the burner head such that upon combustion of the fuel diluent is tangentially injected into the downstream end portion of the burner head relative to a flame envelope produced by ignition of the primary and secondary fuel so that a diluent shroud is formed about a base portion of the flame envelope.

Abstract: A combustion system wherein a defined uniform nonstoichiometric mixture of fuel and oxygen is made in a compartment outside a furnace zone and burned inside the furnace zone in a luminous flame while additional make up oxygen is provided into the furnace zone under conditions which avoid diminution of flame luminosity and high NO.sub.x generation.

Abstract: Combustion methods and burners reduce the emission of pollutants such as CO and NO.sub.2 by promoting the completion of combustion reactions by at least temporarily separating ambient air from hot products of combustion.

Abstract: A burner assembly is provided for combining oxygen and fuel to produce a flame. The burner assembly includes a burner block including a combustion chamber and a nozzle discharging an oxygen and fuel mixture into a first stage region formed in the combustion chamber. First stage oxygen is supplied to the first stage region in the combustion chamber to combine with the oxygen and fuel mixture discharged into the first stage region by the nozzle. Second stage oxygen is also delivered to a downstream second stage region in the combustion chamber in sequence through an oxygen delivery tube, a flow regulator plate, and then an oxygen-conducting passage formed in the burner block. The flow regulator plate has a fixed-diameter oxygen-flow orifice having an internal diameter that is less than the internal diameter of the oxygen delivery tube to meter the flow of second stage oxygen discharged into the second stage region so as to apportion oxygen flow between the first and second stage regions.

Abstract: A two stage, atmospherically supplied burner which produces reduced levels of NO.sub.x in applications such as residential water heaters or light commercial applications. A novel, perforated plate first stage burner is disclosed for first stage combustion. A variety of embodiments disclose various approaches to supplying atmospheric to support second stage combustion. A conventional first stage burner is also disclosed with modifications to achieve two-stage, atmospherically supplied combustion.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for creating a stable combustion flame from natural gas and an oxygen containing gas which is useful for the pyrometallurgical treatment of finely divided materials such as metal ores. In particular, natural gas and the oxygen containing gas are injected in a manner which forms recirculation zones between the natural gas and oxygen containing gas thereby maintaining the stability of the combustion flame. The apparatus of the invention encourages the formation of the recirculation zones by using a bluff body orifice plate to provide a dead space between the injections of the oxygen containing gas and natural gas. Additional gas injection is used downstream in the combustor to create turbulence and further stabilize the combustion flame.

Abstract: A kinetic dissociator is formed by a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber. The primary and secondary combustion chambers are connected by at least one flow stabilization tube. A source of high temperature, high velocity gas is provided by at least one high speed combustion jet axially aligned with the flow stabilization tube such that the jet gas mixes with a process gas passes through the tube and impinges against a conically shaped wall forming a portion of the secondary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for reducing the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) in air-fuel and oxygen-enriched air-fuel burners is disclosed wherein oxygen is introduced directly into the visible flame of the burner, whereby the beneficial effects of oxygen enrichment and the reduced formation of NO.sub.x can be realized simultaneously in the operation of such burners.

Abstract: Low NO.sub.x burners for the combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. The fluid dynamic principle of radial stratification by the combustion of swirling flow and a strong radial gradient of the gas density in the transverse direction to the axis of flow rotation is used to damp turbulence near the burner and hence to increase the residence time of the fuel-rich pyrolyzing mixture before mixing with the rest of the combustion air to effect complete combustion.

Abstract: A burner assembly combines air and fuel to produce a burn firing into a downstream tube. The assembly includes a funnel formed to include an inlet, an outlet, and an air and fuel mixing region therebetween. The funnel also includes a cylindrical intake end at the inlet and a conical side wall mating with the cylindrical intake end and converging from the cylindrical intake end toward the outlet to fire a burn initiated in the mixing region into a tube coupled to the outlet of the funnel. The assembly also includes a system for supplying a gaseous fuel to the mixing region in the funnel and a system for introducing combustion air into the mixing region through the inlet of the funnel. The combustion air mixes with the gaseous fuel in the mixing region to produce a combustible mixture.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for combusting fluid fuel, e.g., liquid fuel, in at least two combustion zones, wherein the fluid fuel is partially combusted with a fluid fuel atomizing or dispersing fluid containing oxygen in an initial combustion zone and is completely combusted with oxidant in at least one subsequent combustion zone.

Abstract: A combustion method which employs highly fuel-rich combustion and highly fuel-lean combustion separately and simultaneously within a combustion zone followed by intermixture of their resulting gases within the combustion zone for further combustion.

Abstract: A gas-lance apparatus and method for injecting a rate-enhancing gas between a flame and a thermal load to augment combustion of fuel undergoing combustion in the flame. A fan-shaped main jet is introduced between the flame for producing a low pressure field of the rate-enhancing gas between the flame and the thermal load. The low pressure field deforms the flame into the shape of the main jet and draws the flame toward the thermal load. The main jet decays along its length due to entrainment of combustion-environment gas in the main jet. In order to delay such decay, a fan-shaped booster jet of rate-enhancing gas is introduced between the main jet and the thermal load. The booster jet has a higher velocity than the main jet and is positioned adjacent to the main jet.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for improving atomization and combustion of fuel containing solid particles, wherein the fuel containing solid particles is ejected from an outlet port having a conical or trumpet end-like internal wall surface and a fuel atomizing fluid is ejected from a plurality of bores present in the conical or trumpet end-like internal wall surface of the outlet port.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an oxy-fuel flame with lowered NOX products by confining the oxy-fuel flame produced in a concentric orifice burner along a path defined by the rate of flame propagation and the diameter of the burner.

Abstract: A device for mixing two gaseous components, particularly in the context of a burner in which it is desired to mix the two gaseous components prior to combustion. The device includes a tangential inlet flow duct which opens into an inlet flow gap. A first gaseous component flows in through this inlet flow gap, and a second gaseous component flows through inlet flow nozzles provided in the region of the inlet flow gap. The arrangement achieves particularly intimate mixing, such that an improved burner is provided. Ramps are disposed in the region of the inlet flow duct, with the ramps including an end having a separation edge in the inlet flow gap. The inlet flow nozzles are arranged in the region around the separation edge such that mixing is promoted by longitudinal vortices occurring in the region.

Abstract: In a combustor including a premixing type combustion burner which has an atomizer for ejecting a liquid fuel together with combustion air to atomize the liquid fuel, the atomizer is comprised of an inner shell to an inner peripheral surface of which the liquid fuel is supplied, an outer shell defining a passage for the combustion air running substantially straightly between the outer shell itself and an outer peripheral surface of the inner shell, and a swirling-flow guide plate for swirling the combustion air passed into the inner shell, while directing it in a downstream direction. The combustor further includes a resistor abruptly decreased in sectional area downstream and provided substantially downstream of the center of the swirling flow and in the vicinity of an outlet of the premixing type combustion burner for providing a resistance to a premixture ejected from the premixing type combustion burner.

Abstract: A process for the combustion of a hydrocarbon, such as methane, in particular for energy production, in which the hydrocarbon, which will be assumed to be methane, is fed to a first stage in which it is reacted with recycled carbon dioxide produced during a separate, second stage of the combustion. In the first stage, the following reactions takes place:CH.sub.4 +CO.sub.2 .fwdarw.2CO+2H.sub.2 (1)CH.sub.4 +CO.sub.2 .fwdarw.2C+2H.sub.2 O (2)CO.sub.2 +H.sub.2 .fwdarw.CO+H.sub.2 O (3)The carbon produced in the reaction (2) is separated, and the gaseous mixture produced in said first stage is then fed to a second stage for reaction with oxygen, in which the reaction products are steam and carbon dioxide, this carbon dioxide, minus any excess, being totally recycled to said first stage.

Abstract: A rotary fluid bed gasifier which comprises: a rotatable drum having a circumferentially extending wall which is permeable to gases; a means for feeding a fluidizing gas through the wall into the drum; a bed of particles which, at least when the gasifier is in use, is supported on an internal face of the wall and is fluidized by the fluidizing gas; an outlet means for receiving an oil-in-water emulsion from outside the gasifier and delivering the oil-in-water emulsion to the drum; a means for introducing steam into the drum; a de-NO.sub.x boiler having a quench zone and a nitrogen fixing zone; a means for introducing secondary air disposed between the quench zone and the nitrogen fixing zone; and a means for introducing tertiary air disposed between the de-NO.sub.x boiler and a main boiler or furnace.

Abstract: Oxy-fuel combustion combined with air-fuel combustion to increase productivity of the combustion process and reduce nitrogen oxides in the products of combustion by maintaining fuel rich oxy-fuel combustion while combusting the air-fuel as close as possible at stoichiometric conditions.

Abstract: A burner for burning fuel in an oxidant having a fuel nozzle sandwiched between upper and lower oxidant nozzles. The fuel nozzle and upper and lower oxidant nozzles produce fuel and oxidant jets of outwardly divergent, fan-shaped configuration to provide a wide uniform flame and thus the elimination of hot spots. Upper and lower secondary oxidant nozzles can be provided in staged combustion such that fuel is burned and oxidant supplied by the upper and lower oxidant nozzle means in the substoichiometric ratio and then combustion is completed by oxidant supplied by the secondary upper and lower oxidant nozzles. In another aspect, a nozzle is provided in which a passageway is divided in a lengthwise direction and thus the flow of oxidant flowing through the passageway is divided into a plurality of subflows of equal velocity and of gradually divergent configuration to prevent the decay of a fan-shaped flow of oxidant from the nozzle.

Abstract: In a low NOx burner, oil and gas are distributed into the combustion zone from within a central tube, surrounded by an outer tube to define an annular channel between the central tube and the outer tube. A windbox surrounds the inner and outer tubes to introduce air into the annular channel and through openings in the inner tube into the central tube. The central tube and outer tube are sized so that the velocity of air through the outer tube is substantially greater than the velocity of air flow through the inner tube to the combustion zone so that an axial recirculating air flow is generated in the combustion zone. The difference in the velocity of the air streams is maintained small enough so that minimum turbulence is generated in the combustion. The air flow paths are constructed so that no angular rotation in the air flow occurs in the combustion zone.

Abstract: Improved gas burner apparatus and methods of burning fuel gas-air mixtures are provided whereby flue gases having low NO.sub.x contents are formed. The burner apparatus includes a refractory burner tile having an air discharge opening therein and a wall surrounding the opening which extends into the furnace space and provides a mixing zone therein. At least one passage is formed in the burner tile which opens into the mixing zone and fuel gas is jetted through the passage whereby flue gases are drawn therethrough and a fuel gas-flue gases mixture is discharged into the mixing zone. The fuel gas-flue gases mixture is swirled in the mixing zone and mixes with air therein, and the resulting mixture is discharged and burned in a primary reaction zone in the furnace space.

Abstract: A method for providing oxidant into a combustion zone employing a thermal nozzle converting thermal energy into kinetic energy whereby a high injection velocity may be attained even at a low oxidant supply pressure and the injection velocity may be varied at any given supply pressure without changing nozzles or using an adjustable nozzle.

Abstract: A burner and burner firing method and system for a furnace combustion chamber in which a burner, having an ignition chamber for discharging an ignited combustible mixture of primary air and fuel into the furnace combustion chamber, and a plurality of nozzle ports for directing a high velocity stream of secondary air into the furnace combustion chamber in a direction generally parallel to the direction of flow from said ignition chamber, is operated in a first mode at furnace combustion chamber temperatures up to a transitional temperature by accelerating a burning mixture of fuel and air to moderately high velocities into the furnace combustion chamber, and in a second mode at furnace combustion temperatures above said transitional temperature by introducing a relatively low velocity stream of fuel mixed with a minor amount of air needed for stoichiometric combustion and accelerating a separate stream of air to high velocities into the furnace combustion chamber for mixture with said low velocity stream downs

Abstract: Method and apparatus for generating an oxy-fuel flame with lowered NOX products by confining the oxy-fuel flame produced in a concentric orifice burner along a path defined by the rate of flame propagation and the diameter of the burner.

Abstract: A combustion method for the simultaneous control of PICs and NO.sub.x wherein the combustion is carried out in two combustion zones. High velocity oxidant is injected into the second combustion zone to aspirate exhaust from the first combustion zone prior to combustion within the second combustion zone. The first combustion zone is preferably operated under pyrolytic conditions.

Abstract: A combustion method employing two different oxidants wherein the first oxidant incompletely combusts fuel and a second oxidant having a higher oxygen concentration completes the combustion in a defined manner which reduces NO.sub.x generation.

Abstract: Improved gas burner apparatus and methods of burning fuel gas-air mixtures are provided whereby flue gases having low NO.sub.x contents are formed. The burner apparatus includes a refractory burner tile having an air discharge opening therein and a wall surrounding the opening which extends into the furnace space and provides a mixing zone therein. At least one passage is formed in the burner tile which opens into the mixing zone and fuel gas is jetted through the passage whereby flue gases are drawn therethrough and a fuel gas-flue gases mixture is discharged into the mixing zone. The fuel gas-flue gases mixture is swirled in the mixing zone and mixes with air therein, and the resulting mixture is discharged and burned in a primary reaction zone in the furnace space.

Abstract: Fuel is burned in accordance with a burning method and apparatus in two stages and in the presence of first and second oxygen-containing gases, respectively. The second oxygen-containing gas has a higher concentration of oxygen than the first oxygen-containing gas. The fuel stream is burned in a first of the two stages at a first equivalence ratio sufficiently greater than 1.0, so that thermal NO.sub.x formation is inhibited, a more heat transfer effective luminous flame is achieved and a combustible mixture comprising unburned and partially oxidized fuel and fuel radicals is produced for combustion in the second of the two stages. The combustible mixture is burned in the second of the two stages at an equivalence ratio of no greater than about 1.0 so that maximum heat is transferred to the first of the two stages to stabilize combustion therein, and the fuel radicals are sufficiently oxidized by the second oxygen-containing gas to inhibit formation of prompt NO.sub.x.

Abstract: A low NOx burner assembly of a fuel-fired heating appliance is supplied with an air/fuel mixture having a substantially less than stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio. The air-rich mixture is partially combusted to create primary combustion products disposed within an open inlet portion of a combustor structure having a catalytic converter operatively positioned within an open outlet portion thereof spaced apart from its open inlet portion. A flow of aspirating air is introduced into the combustor structure between the inlet and outlet portions thereof. The aspirating air mixes with the primary combustion products, cools them, and flows with them outwardly through the catalytic converter. This essentially completes the combustion of the remaining fuel within the cooled primary combustion products, and does so at a temperature not appreciably greater than the initial combustion flame temperature to thereby substantially reduce NOx emissions without the use of flame quenching techniques.

Abstract: A combustion process for nitrogen- or for sulphur- and nitrogen-bearing fuels wherein fuel combustion is divided, by staged oxygen (preferably in the form of air) injection, into at least two combustion zones. The first combustion zone involves providing fuel-rich stoichiometric conditions under which nitrogen chemically bound in the fuel (i.e. fuel-bound nitrogen) is substantially converted to molecular nitrogen. The second (final) combustion zone comprises at least two stages. In the first stage of the final combustion zone, combustion products from the first combustion zone are further combusted under a condition of fuel-rich stoichiometry, preferably at an oxygen/fuel stoichiometric ratio of from about 0.80 to about 1.0 and at a temperature of less than about 2200 K. In the second stage of the final combustion zone, combustion products from the first stage are combusted at an oxygen/fuel stoichiometric ratio of greater than about 1.0 and at a temperature of less than about 1500 K.

Abstract: A combustion method for the simultaneous control of PICs and NO.sub.x wherein the combustion is carried out in two combustion zones. High velocity oxidant is injected into the second combustion zone to aspirate exhaust from the first combustion zone prior to combustion within the second combustion zone. The first combustion zone is preferably operated under pyrolytic conditions.

Abstract: An air register apparatus, method, and arrangement is disclosed in which each air register includes two portions, one of which feeds combustion air to an inner, ignition zone where fuel is first ignited, the other of which feeds combustion air to an outer, supplemental zone where the main combustion takes place. These two register portions provide separate and discrete air streams having measurable characteristics which accurately reflect the characteristics of the overall flow through each register portion and which characteristics govern combustion characteristics in the associated zone. Each air stream passes through an inwardly spiralling scroll passageway having a simple upstream air valve at the entrance to the passageway for controlling the flow of air through the passageway. This upstream air valve is remote from the hostile environment of the furnace or other combustion device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a burner for burning a fuel in an oxidant. In accordance with the apparatus, a fuel nozzle is provided for producing a fuel jet of the fuel adapted to burn within the oxidant with the flame extending outwardly from the fuel nozzle and such that the particles of fuel become increasingly more buoyant along the length of the flame. A lower oxidant nozzle is located below the fuel nozzle for creating a lower oxidant jet of the oxidant that produces a low-pressure field below the fuel jet for downwardly spreading the fuel into the oxidant. Additionally, an upper oxidant nozzle is located above the fuel and lower oxidant nozzles for creating an upper oxidant jet of the oxidant to burn the increasingly more buoyant particles of the fuel. The velocities of the upper and lower oxidant jets can be adjusted independently of their mass flow rates to adjust the flame shape from sharp (convection dominated) to lazy (radiation dominated) without changing the stoichiometry of the flame.

Abstract: A turbo burner assembly provides for dispersion of liquid fuel into a flame region adjacent a burner head of the assembly by using compressed air to force a fine spray through apertures in an atomizing assembly. The dispersed fuel is supplied at a variable rate that corresponds to the combustion settings of the burner over the entire operating range of the burner. The dispersed fuel becomes entrained into a low quantity flow of high velocity turbo air. The quantity or rate of flow of the high velocity turbo air corresponds to the combustion air required for the correct air to fuel mixture at the lowest fuel flow rate. At increasing fuel flow rates for increased combustion settings a second low velocity stream of turbo air is introduced at a variable volume flow rate to provide together with the first stream of turbo air a correct combustion mixture with the introduced fuel over the entire range of combustion settings of the burner assembly. A gaseous fuel can be substituted for the liquid fuel.

Abstract: A combustion method employing fuel-rich combustion with an upstream recirculation zone followed by a downstream plug flow zone enabling rapid heating and processing without excessive NO.sub.x generation or particulate emissions.

Abstract: A method for operation of a flash smelting furnace comprising a reaction shaft, a settler connected at one end thereof to the lower portion of the reaction shaft and having a slag discharge port and a matte discharge port disposed on the side thereof, an uptake connected to the other end of the settler and at least one concentrate burner disposed to at least one of the top of the reaction shaft and the ceiling of the settler, in which the concentrate burner comprises at least a concentrate shoot, an oxygen blowing tube inserted in the concentrate shoot and an auxiliary fuel burner inserted into the oxygen blowing tube. In this method, the lower end of the oxygen blowing tube is protruded downward to lower than the lower end of the concentrate shoot and an amount of oxygen at least greater than that required for the auxiliary fuel is blown as an industrial oxygen by way of the oxygen blowing tube into the furnace. Oxygen efficiency can be improved remarkably while the rate of dust occurrence can be reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ultra-low pollutant emission combustion of fossil fuel is disclosed in which a first portion of fuel to be combusted is introduced into a primary combustion chamber together with primary combustion air, producing either a reducing or oxidizing combustion zone and a portion of water having a heat capacity equivalent to the heat capacity of a portion of primary combustion air. The first portion of fuel is combusted in the primary combustion chamber and the combustion products derived therefrom pass through an orifice into a secondary combustion chamber. Also introduced into the secondary combustion chamber is a second portion of fuel and secondary combustion air in an amount sufficient to complete combustion of the total amount of fuel in the apparatus. In addition, water is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber in an amount having a heat capacity equivalent to an amount of secondary combustion air.

Abstract: A gas-fired water heater includes an oxygen supply system provided with the water heater system having an oxygen supply synchronizer installed juxtapositionally to the water heater, which is synchronously opened for supplying oxygen to a gas burner, into which the gas is discharged from a gas valve of the water heater upon an opening of a water valve for supplying water to be heated by the heater, thereby causing a complete combustion of the gas for preventing a production of poisonous carbon monoxide gas.

Abstract: To avoid high NOx emissions, the fuel is oxidized with an extremely high exhaust gas recirculation ration substantially without flames and without pulsations.

Abstract: A burner for a hearth including a gun for introducing a primary comburant and a gun for supplying a secondary comburant, with a device for supplying a gaseous fuel and a deflector stabilizer arranged substantially at an extremity of the gun introducing the primary comburant. The fuel supply device includes a first fuel injector arrangement adapted to produce a first jet of fuel substantially axially or slightly divergent with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the burner, and a second fuel injector arrangement adapted to produce a second jet of fuel divergent with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the burner.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to reduce the amount of substantially pure oxygen required during heating, refining and melting operations in metallurgical processes.In accordance with the invention, a burner (10) is provided in which air is aspirated and mixed with fuel and substantially pure oxygen. Additionally, swirl vanes (26) are provided to impart a swirling motion to the gasses in the burner, producing a flame which is distributed over a greater volume of the charge to be heated in the furnace. The aspirated air contains nitrogen which is heated by the combustion flame and is dissipated through the charge to assist in the melt down of the charge. Oxygen is introduced into the burner through a nozzle (22), which extends into the throat of the burner tube (12), forming a venturi (20,21) to aspirate the air into the burner.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afterburner apparatus and an incineration system and methods of waste destruction in primary incineration combustion means and afterburner means which both preferably utilize at least two different oxidizing gases. By varying the ratio of said oxidizing gases, the amount of total oxygen and nitrogen delivered in either means can be dynamically adjusted in accordance with the process requirements. Varying the flows of at least two oxydizing gases and auxiliary fuel in both the primary incinerator and afterburner makes it possible to operate the system under fluctuating waste loading conditions, by controlling temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and heat available for the process as a function of said ratio.