Abstract: A disposable burner illuminator device comprises a buoyant flotation collar of substantially flat configuration having at least one wick member receiving aperture, a reflector foil layer supported on one surface of the buoyant flotation collar and a wick member extending through the receiving aperture and having a larger diameter at the wick end extending through the surface supporting the reflector foil layer than the diameter of the receiving aperture. This device may be utilized individually or with a plurality of wick member receiving apertures and a plurality of wick members. A plurality of the devices may be formed as a booklet or card having several burner illuminator devices which can be torn off or separated from the card and utilized individually or in groups.

Abstract: A sample transport, sample introduction, and flame excitation system for spectrometric analysis of high temperature gas streams which eliminates degradation of the sample stream by condensation losses.

Abstract: A candleholder having an improved ornamentation effect. A hollow shell, shaped in the form of an animal, fruit, building, etc., is heated by a candle positioned in its internal cavity. At least a portion of the shell is covered with a thermally color-changing material formed in a desired pattern. When the shell is heated by burning a candle, the pattern seen by the view thus changes.

Abstract: This invention relates to candles. It provides a candle and base structure that allows a candle to maintain the candle flame at substantially the same elevation as the candle burns. The invention further provides a candle lantern and a movable base for a candle lantern.

Abstract: A process of forming a cylinder wall of a burning cylinder for use in a heating apparatus which comprises forming an enamel pattern on the surface of a base made of a transparent or translucent and highly heat resistant material; forming thereon a metal or metallic compound layer that is 0.1 to 0.5.mu. in thickness and high in transparency; and thereafter heating the same as a whole to enamel the pattern and the layer.

Abstract: A candle in the form of a wax body with an embedded or replaceable wick is supported by a spring within a tubular outer casing which has a thermally-insulating lining. A thermally-insulating cover extends across the upper end of the tubular outer casing and the wick extends through an aperture in the cover. Thermally conducting wires extend from the aperture in the cover to conduct heat to the periphery of the candle body below the cover to ensure uniform melting of the wax which flows through apertures in the cover. As the candle burns the spring urges the candle body upwards towards the cover to maintain the burning wick at a generally constant height.

Abstract: A spray gun comprises a nozzle defining an elongated, axially extending spray channel, a coaxial inlet leading thereto and having a flow-accelerating contour, and a coaxial combustion chamber leading to the inlet, the combustion chamber having a diameter larger than that of the spray channel. A nozzle head is displaceably mounted in the combustion chamber and is axially adjustable with respect to the inlet, the nozzle head feeding the fusible material into the combustion chamber and carrying a burner nozzle and respective conduits feeding a combustion gas and a spray channel flushing gas into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The interlock assures that the end of a drain trap entrance pipe is covered with liquid. The system includes a control circuit with a circuit element which changes impedance with temperature changes. The circuit element is arranged to be thermally coupled with the drain trap liquid when the discharge end of the drain trap entrance pipe is immersed in the liquid. The circuit applies a current to the circuit element to thereby apply energy thereto. The circuit element achieves a lower steady-state temperature when thermally coupled with the liquid. The control circuit is operable to detect the difference in resistance when the circuit element is at the lower temperature. The control circuit is connected to a valve device for controlling combustion gas for the spectrophotometer and is operable to enable the valve device to enable the spectrophotometer when the circuit element is at the lower temperature and to disable the spectrophotometer at a higher temperature.

Abstract: Prilled wax particles are coated by tumbling and rubbing the particles and a scenting and/or a coloring agent together in a flexible container, either by hand kneading or with a mechanical agitator. Liquid carriers compatible with the wax particles are included in the coloring and scenting agents to facilitate absorption of the agents into the particles. A candle is subsequently formed by molding the coated particles under pressure with a central wick into either a free standing form or pressed into a surrounding container.

Abstract: A free-standing fragrance candle comprises an outer shell, an inner core and a wick. The shell is formed of paraffin, a wax, a mixture thereof, or any of these materials in combination with fragrance oil. The shell has a melting point high enough that the shell stands freely and is not tacky at room temperature. The core is formed of fragrance oil and a carrier therefor. The fragrance oil in the core constitutes from 5% to 12% of the total weight of the core. The carrier is petrolatum, a low melting point wax, paraffin, or a mixture thereof. The core has a melting point substantially lower than the melting point of the shell and low enough to form a molten pool within the shell and to ensure a substantial release of fragrance into the surrounding atmosphere as the candle burns. The shell constitutes a container and provides structural support for the core.

Abstract: The concentration of nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust combustion gases is decreased by feeding into the combustion system within a heating furnace the combination of an ammonium compound and a phenol compound, the combination of Fluid Catalytic Cracking gasoline tank bottom water or water obtained after washing Fluid Catalytic Cracking gasoline and an ammonium compound, or FCC overhead condensate.

Abstract: A system for delivering a catalyst into a forced draft entry port of a chemical reaction chamber, such as a fossil-fuel combustion chamber, includes a container having an aqueous solution of the catalyst. A suction line extends from an air space above the solution to the entry port. An intake line at atmospheric pressure enters the container and has an end submerged below the surface of the aqueous solution, the submerged end having a float for maintaining the end at a predetermined distance below the surface and thereby establishing a predetermined back pressure. A layer of oil floats on top of the aqueous solution and may contain a second dissolved catalyst. The air from the intake line bubbles up through the aqueous solution and the oil layer absorbing minute quantities of the catalysts which are carried by the air into the reaction chamber. Rhenium and manganese catalysts improve the efficiency of fossil-fuel combustion such as that of the home oil burner and the automotive engine.

Abstract: A flame coloring device makes a flame, such as a flame from a propane burner, visible even when the burner is used outdoors or in a bright environment. The device includes a carrier adapted for placement on the burner barrel and a solid colorant emitter such as sodium chloride supported by the carrier. When the carrier and colorant emitter are heated by the burner flame, the emitter emits a material that provides visible light, thereby defining the flame.

Abstract: The burning cylinder for use in heating apparatuses consists of a base which is disposed to surround a heat source such as flame or red-hot material, constitutes the shell of a burning chamber and is made of a material that is high in heat-resistivity and transparent or translucent such as glass or the like and at least has its inside deposited with a coating layer of metal, e.g., Ti, Zr, Fe, etc. or a coating layer of a compound of such metals.

Abstract: A research type burner is provided which permits ready optical access for study of precombustion and primary reaction zones of adiabatic flames of premixed gases. The burner includes a channel for relatively laminar gas flow having an outlet with a pair of essentially parallel closely spaced knife edges for providing an essentially stable and adiabatic flame. The knife edges project sufficiently above the burner housing to allow the passage of a laser beam between the knife edges through the zone to be studied.

Abstract: A method of producing a decorative movement of metal particle display in a pool of molten wax of a burning candle. Portions of a wax crayon containing colored metallic particles different from the color of the candle wax is melted in the flame of the candle and directed to fall into the molten pool for observation.

Abstract: In order to produce vividly colored flames, instead of conventional primary combustion agents, such as paraffin and stearic acid, which produce a yellowish orange color by themselves, the primary combustion materials are used which form a colorless flame such as ethyl carbamate (urethane), dimethyl oxalate, and/or trioxane; in addition, an oxidation accelerator catalyst is absorbed on the cotton combustion wick, to result in a candle that itself burns with a strictly colorless flame. A coloring wick is separately fabricated containing a color-forming compound as well as oxidation accelerating catalyst and preferably may be coated with resin on its surface. The coloring wick is then placed adjacent the combustion wick, and a candle is formed using the aforementioned primary combustion material. One or several coloring wicks may be embedded parallel to the combustion wick or may be embedded coiled around the combustion wick.

Abstract: A spectroanalytical instrument includes burner structure and a nebulizer for furnishing sample in fog form for flow through a premix chamber to the burner structure. Flow structure extending from a chamber port to a drain port provides a condensate flow path from the chamber to a drain. Trap structure is disposed in series in the flow path between the chamber port and the drain port, and drain line closure apparatus is switched between a first condition in which the drain line is closed and a second condition in which the drain line is opened by a control responsive to liquid in the trap structure such that the drain line is initially closed and is opened automatically in response to accumulation of condensate liquid in the trap structure to enable maintenance of positive pressure in the premix chamber.

Abstract: A plurality of incense beads including beads of different fragrances are threaded in a stack on a carrier rod and a bead at one end of the stack is ignited.

Abstract: The cigarette lighter cover is a novelty sleeve for the cigarette lighter which has a tubular body portion with a hollow interior space sized to receive the body of the cigarette lighter of conventional design. One end of the body portion is closed off to form a bottom end of the sleeve. The other end of the body portion is open to receive the cigarette lighter. An image presenting assembly is situated on one side of the sleeve and includes a filmstrip. Opaque portions of this filmstrip have a desired color to provide a portion of an image and a translucent portion has the remaining portion of the image which is caused to appear and disappear. A dark background is situated behind the translucent portion of the filmstrip and a light colored shield is positioned behind the filmstrip and between the filmstrip and the dark background.

Abstract: A candle having a plurality of tabs securely positioned with a heat sensitive adhesive on the outside of the candle at various levels therealong. When the candle is burning at the level where the tab is located, the tab becomes detachable and may be pulled away from the candle for revealing a message previously hidden by the tab.

Abstract: An oxidant flow conduit having a restriction and branching downstream of the restriction to provide a primary flow conduit for supplying oxidant to a nebulizer and an auxiliary flow conduit having an adjustable valve for supplying oxidant to a mixing chamber is provided. A differential pressure transducer measures the pressure drop across the restriction to provide an output signal. A primary fuel conduit is provided having a pair of restrictions with an adjustable valve for supplying fuel to the mixing chamber. A boost conduit having a restriction is connected to the primary fuel conduit and between the restrictions providing for supplementing the fuel to the mixing chamber when a different fuel mixture is used. A differential pressure transducer measures the pressure drop across the pair of restrictions to provide an output signal. A square root linearization operation is performed on each signal in a microprocessor and modified output signals drive respective fuel and oxidant digital displays.

Abstract: An article of manufacture which is a combination container, cigarette lighter, candle holder, and the like; the container being suitable to hold liquids, powders, cigarettes or other substances, and the article being made in either of various different models so to suit specific various applications, and wherein the container are all decorated by removable decorative inserts mounted within the container.

Abstract: There is described a programmable gas flow control apparatus for use in atomic absorption spectroscopy. Essentially, an all pneumatic system is described which provides for a predetermined flow of fuel and oxidant to the burner. The invention compensates for the variation in oxidant flow due to nebulizer adjustments by adjusting the oxidant flow to the auxiliary inlet of the burner. The invention utilizes a pneumatic computing relay which senses the oxidant flow to the nebulizer and simultaneously adjusts the flow to the auxiliary inlet so that the total flow of oxidant satisfies the predetermined optimum rate. The constant monitoring of the nebulizer line by the computing relay allows for continual adjustment of the oxidant flow to offset subsequent adjustments.

Abstract: The rate of flow of fluid in a flare stack is measured by injecting into the fluid an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt and calculating the rate of flow from the volume of the flare stack and the elapsed time from the injection of the aqueous solution to the appearance in the flame of the color characteristic of the inorganic salt.

Abstract: A two-flame burner is used in a flame photometric detector for analyzing a sample material. The sample material is introduced via a first conduit structure into a hydrogen-rich first flame, and the combustion products and excess hydrogen from the first flame are passed via a second conduit structure into an oxygen-containing environment. A second flame is maintained at the exit end of the second conduit structure. The first and second conduit structures are composed of material that does not contribute to the coloration of the second flame during operation of the detector. Particular constituents of the sample material are detected by observing the presence of colors in the second flame indicative of the constituents. For example, the presence of sulfur is indicated by a blue coloration, and the presence of phosphorus is indicated by a green coloration.

Abstract: A decorative multicolored candle is produced by applying, to the side surface of a candle core, a removable solid member having a melting temperature higher than that of candle wax. The surface of the core and side member are coated successively with a plurality of superimposed different colored coatings of candle wax, and the solid member is removed through a slit cut in the superimposed coatings, thereby forming projections having multicolored free ends. Thereafter, one of more additional different colored coatings of candle wax are applied over the thus treated core. A sufficient amount of the additional coatings are then removed to expose the multicolored free ends of the projections outlined by the exposed colors of the additional coatings.

Abstract: A disposable cigarette gas lighter employing a plastic gas tank is provided on the face of the gas tank with a printed sheet carrying thereon publicity information. The gas tank is provided with a recess to receive the printed sheet and a plastic lens is attached thereover. Otherwise, the plastic lens is provided on the back surface thereof with a recess to receive the printed sheet. The plastic lens is formed as a cylindrical positive lens.

Abstract: An improved method of imparting colors to fires in home fireplaces is described as well as the preparation of the materials used to provide said color. Metal salts which impart color to flames are granulated using hydrated alkali metal silicate as a binder. When these granules are added to fires, the silicate binder softens on contact with warm or hot combustible material. The silicate then loses water and is transformed to a solid once more so that the material becomes bonded to the combustibles. Upon burning the metal salts are decomposed and the flames are colored. The system is very efficient and proper application requires the use of bulking agents in the granules.

Abstract: A simplified, low-cost method and apparatus for transferring inked design images from preprinted, design bearing waxed sheets to elongated, cylindrical, solid wax candle bodies or the like which permits gravure or lithographically applied halftone and shaded design images to be used as candle decorations, eliminates costly and tedious manual operations characteristic of decal applications and other prior methods and devices, and produces a finished candle having perfectly aligned decorative images thereon which are not susceptible to undesirable torching as the candle burns. The method comprises applying a design-bearing, waxed sheet to the candle body in closely conforming relationship thereto while the latter rotates in pressurized, bridging engagement between a pair of spaced, adjacent, rotating transfer rollers.