Abstract: Periodic, on-demand supply of heated and pressurized gas for use as a power source is provided by a device having a storage compartment storing pressurized, liquified, combustible gas, a pressure regulator attached thereto for feeding the liquified gas to a housing providing a combustion chamber with an ignition element for combustion of the liquified combustible gas. A pressure relief valve releasably seals the combustion chamber from an outlet orifice and operates at a predetermined gas pressure to permit output of combustion gas from the combustion chamber through the output orifice to provide a gas power source for operating a gas powered tool. A check valve prevents combustion of the liquified gas upstream of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A system for producing a coherent jet of gas wherein a flame envelope is established around a gas jet and directed toward the center axis of the gas jet.

Abstract: This invention relates to a torch comprising:a) a nozzle having a bore extending therethrough, the bore comprising a first end portion, a second end portion, and an arcuate middle portion defining an arcuate tube surface,b) means for providing a flame flowing from the first end portion of the bore towards the second end portion of the bore, so that the flame impinges upon the arcuate tube surface,wherein the arcuate tube surface comprises silicon carbide.

Abstract: A palm top hot air gas spray pistol including a base case for accommodating gas and an upper cover containing a gas guide and ignition mechanism. The upper cover includes a nozzle formed by a spray tube and an outer cover. Ignition is controlled by pressing a push-button. A hot air tube is fitted onto the outer cover. The hot air tube has a front end portion of a smaller diameter, which is provided with a ceramic block resembling a honey-comb. The ceramic block is mounted between a front end of the hot air tube and the spray tube. The intense heat of the flame of the pistol is used to generate hot air which is ejected through the hot air tube. The spray pistol has good portability and may also be used as a hot air pistol.

Abstract: A burner unit for the singeing of flat textile structures and the like, in particular a burner unit for singeing machines having a combustion chamber and ramp stones forming one or more singe slits, the combustion chamber being fed from a gaseous mixture chamber via preferably two or more parallel burner slits. A ramp stone is arranged adjustably movable for changing the singe slit and/or the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Five embodiments of Pollution-Free, Efficient, Large Scale Electrical Power Generation Systems, using thermal energy are illustrated herein. Each embodiment is composed of subsystems and/or individual elements which tailor each system to an operating environment that requires different implementation modes or applications.Also illustrated are two embodiments configured to adapt smaller scale power plants to applications such as platform mounted portable power applications, large vehicle propulsion, and other applications.Also illustrated is an embodiment configured to produce high quality fluid at controlled pressures and temperatures as required by a wide range of industrial applications.

Abstract: A gas generator is provided for generating gas including steam and carbon dioxide from the combustion of a hydrocarbon gas with oxygen. The gas generator includes an enclosure with an induction head (201) having an oxygen inlet and a fuel inlet therein, an adapter block (202) to which the induction head (201) attaches and a mixing chamber (203) to which the adapter block (202) is attached. The fuel and oxygen enter the enclosure by first passing through the induction head (201). A start up igniter (210) is located within the induction head (201) to ignite the fuel and oxygen mixture within the enclosure. The adapter block (202) includes a shroud extending away from the induction head (201) and which defines a combustion chamber within the enclosure. The fuel and oxygen mixture is combusted within the combustion chamber before passing out of the shroud of the adapter block (202) and into the mixing chamber (203).

Abstract: An industrial burner with low NO.sub.x emissions, particularly for heating furnace chambers of industrial furnaces, has a high-heat-resistance combustion chamber (9), which is formed with a fuel supply device and an air supply device and with at least one nozzle-shaped outlet (10) for the gases emerging into a heating chamber. The fuel supply device (17, 18) extends through the combustion chamber, which is acted upon constantly with air. The fuel supply device can be switched over between two operating states, with a differing three-dimensional location of fuel nozzle devices (25, 26) relative to the combustion chamber outlet. In a first operating state, fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber, creating a fuel/air mixture that burns with a stable flame in the combustion chamber, and in a second operating state, the reaction between the fuel and the combustion air is substantially shifted into the heating chamber.

Abstract: A burner for an industrial furnace has a plurality of lines passing through a furnace wall for fuel gas, burner air, and waste gas. Arranged in the furnace space is a combustion chamber (66) in which a mixture of fuel gas and burner air is combusted, and from which a flame (89) is directed into the furnace space. The combustion chamber (66) is delimited by walls (32, 65). The walls (32, 65) are arranged to be movable with respect to one another (65', 65"), so that the volume of the combustion chamber (66) is adjustable (FIG. 2).

Abstract: An automated burner system for channeling a mineral body consisting of a burner staff carrying a burner at one end, a guide shaft adapted to carry the burner staff for reciprocating motion, a support shaft adapted to mount the guide shaft for oscillating motion, and a carriage adapted to carry said support shaft. A carrying frame is provided to carry the carriage for longitudinal movement. A first drive provides positive reciprocal movement of the burner staff, a second drive provides positive oscillating movement for the guide shaft and the burner staff, and a third drive provides positive longitudinal movement of the carriage along the carrying frame. An electronic control is connected with the first, second and third drives. The electronic control includes a repeating program which controls the burner staff to move a desired distance in each direction of reciprocal movement, the burner staff to oscillate at a prescribed angle and through a prescribed length of oscillation.

Abstract: The pressure head needed to drive combustion air into the combustion region (46) of a heat gun (930) is imparted to the air by a compressor blades (36) driven by a turbine whose blades (32) are interposed in the fuel conduit that leads to the combustion region (46). The expansion of the gaseous fuel, which is obtained from a pressurized source, provides the power to impose the necessary pressure head. The turbine-compressor combination is efficient enough that it can extract from the fuel flow enough power to maintain the necessary pressure head not only on the combustion gas (A.sub.1), which flows through vents (44) in a manifold (43), but also on a larger volume of air (A.sub.2) delivered downstream of the combustion region (46) to dilute the combustion products and thereby cool them to the desired heat-gun output temperature.

Abstract: A burner assembly combines air and fuel to produce a burn firing into a downstream tube. The assembly includes a funnel formed to include an inlet, an outlet, and an air and fuel mixing region therebetween. The funnel also includes a cylindrical intake end at the inlet and a conical side wall mating with the cylindrical intake end and converging from the cylindrical intake end toward the outlet to fire a burn initiated in the mixing region into a tube coupled to the outlet of the funnel. The assembly also includes a system for supplying a gaseous fuel to the mixing region in the funnel and a system for introducing combustion air into the mixing region through the inlet of the funnel. The combustion air mixes with the gaseous fuel in the mixing region to produce a combustible mixture.

Abstract: A burner for an industrial furnace has a plurality of lines passing through a furnace wall for fuel gas, burner air, and waste gas. Arranged in the furnace space is a combustion chamber (66) in which a mixture of fuel gas and burner air is combusted, and from which a flame (89) is directed into the furnace space. The combustion chamber (66) is delimited by walls (32, 65). The walls (32, 65) are arranged to be movable with respect to one another (65', 65"), so that the volume of the combustion chamber (66) is adjustable (FIG. 2).

Abstract: The pressure head needed to drive combustion air into the combustion region (46) of a heat gun 930) is imparted to the air by a compressor blades (36) driven by a turbine whose blades (32) are interposed in the fuel conduit that leads to the combustion region (46). The expansion of the gaseous fuel, which is obtained from a pressurized source, provides the power to impose the necessary pressure head. The turbine-compressor combination is efficient enough that it can extract from the fuel flow enough power to maintain the necessary pressure head not only on the combustion gas (A.sub.1), which flows through vents (44) in a manifold (43), but also on a larger volume of air (A.sub.2) delivered downstream of the combustion region (46) to dilute the combustion products and thereby cool them to the desired heat-gun output temperature.

Abstract: A burner for heating a gas stream is disclosed having a primary combustor mounted coaxially within a main combustor to form an assembly. The assembly is coaxially mounted within a burner housing and defines a gas flow space between the assembly and the housing. Gas enters the housing upstream of a substantial portion of the assembly and flows axially over the exterior thereof, picking up heat rejected from the assembly as it travels axially through the housing to an outlet area of a reduced diameter which defines a mixing zone. In the mixing zone, burner output and excess air are introduced to the gas stream in a manner so that the inputs are injected into the exhaust stream in a direction which has a normal component to the direction of gas flow thereby assuring adequate mixing and a resultant even distribution of heat in the flow.

Abstract: A pulse combustor ignitor comprising a small combustion chamber located external to the pulse combustion chamber. A spark ignition source such as a spark plug is associated with the chamber and separate inlets for fuel and air are provided. The fuel/air mixture is ignited by the spark plug and the ignited mixture is directed into the combustion chamber of the pulse combustor until a steady state operation of the pulse combustor is achieved. An air preheater may be used for the air delivered to the ignitor combustion chamber. The flow pattern of the fuel/air mixture and the flame may be controlled by an adjustable passage element located between the respective ignitor and pulse combustor combustion chambers. A flame scanner positioned external to the pulse combustor may be used to sense the entrance of the ignited mixture from the ignitor into the pulse combustor.

Abstract: An orchard heater including a base and a pulse-jet engine rotatably mounted on the base. The pulse-jet engine exhausts a heated moisture-laden exhaust stream through an exhaust tube. The exhaust stream is directed tangentially to create a torque which automatically rotates the pulse-jet and causes lateral omnidirectional dispersion of the exhaust stream. The orchard heater utilizes the energy released from the combustion process to rotate the pulse-jet engine and to vaporize and atomize water.

Abstract: A fast, safe pyrogenic external torch assembly that provides pure steam for semiconductor processing in semiconductor processing furnaces includes a gas injection nozzle subassembly, a pulse heater subassembly and a compressed-air-cooled heat-exchanging jacket subassembly. The gas injection nozzle subassembly includes plural oxygen gas injection nozzles and a hydrogen gas injection nozzle that cooperate to provide a torch that is well-behaved over the practicable range of oxygen and hydrogen gas supply rates and ratios, that may be quickly ramped to any desired gas flow conditions and that is free from the possibility of unwanted explosion due to incomplete hydrogen gas consumption. The pulse heater subassembly includes one or more blackbodies and a radiant energy source that are cooperative to quickly and efficiently provide one or more hot spots at the industry safe-ignition temperature.

Abstract: A three-chambered combustion burner is provided with a seed fuel under pressure to burn simultaneously injected waste products such as incompletely combusted exhaust fumes or air entrained combustible solid waste. An explosive mixture is provided in a first chamber and ignited. The heated and pressurized gas products are ejected into a second smaller combustion chamber into which air is injected. The hot and incompletely combusted products in the second chamber explosively reignite and are ejected into a yet smaller third combustion chamber. Air is again injected into the third combustion chamber wherein the products again explosively reignite to be ejected through a jet nozzle. The heat energy output of the burner or its propulsive momentum thrust may be utilized as appropriate in other applications. The toxicity of the gaseous or solid waste products burnt in the chambers is reduced and oxidized by the injection of air and hydrolization of water also injected with the waste products.

Abstract: A waste fuel combustion system including a furnace having a grate for supporting waste fuel for burning, the grate including a plurality of movable members and a mechanism for reciprocating the movable members. The furnace also includes a primary gas passageway, a secondary gas passageway, and a throat through which the primary and secondary gas passageways pass in order to accelerate the flow of combustion gases. The waste fuel combustion system also includes recirculation conduits communicating between a source of exhaust gases and the primary and secondary gas passageways in order to recirculate the exhaust gases for additional combustion and degradation.

Abstract: A gas-fired heat gun has a housing, a nozzle in the housing for directing a stream of a combustible gas in a predetermined direction along an axis in the housing, and at least two mixing tubes including an upstream tube and a downstream tube in the housing coaxial with the nozzle and downstream therefrom. Each tube has a large-diameter upstream end and a small-diameter downstream end with the downstream end of the upstream tube spacedly received within the upstream end of the downstream tube so that air is entrained axially into both upstream ends by the combustible-gas stream. A combustion chamber is provided in the housing coaxial with and immediately downstream of the downstream end of the downstream tube.

Abstract: A gas burner used in glass melting furnace comprising a mixing tube having a perforated mixture for mixing fuel gas with air inspirated by gas flow, means for supplying fuel gas to the mixing tube and an inspiration tube located in the mixing tube. The perforated mixer is situated inside the mixing tube at the end of the inspiration tube. The gas burner also comprises a means for moving the air inspiration tube longitudinally with respect to the mixing tube and a seal located between the perforated mixer and the inside surface of the mixing tube to allow the perforated mixer to move longitudinally with respect to said mixing tube.

Abstract: A burner device for combustion of a combustible mixture of two flowable components consists of a chamber housing, first feed means for the first component, second feed means for the second component and an outlet opening for the combustion gases. Serving as feed means for the first component is an injector pipe, which has a rearward axial bore at its end oriented towards the outlet opening, a narrower forward axial bore at its other end, a constriction between the two bores. The feed means for the second component consists of at least one inclined channel which extends radially and obliquely relative to the injector axis with the apex of the angle .alpha.

Abstract: An internal burner for producing a subsonic air-fuel flame jet capable of flame finishing granite of similar hard stone has a body forming a closed combustion chamber fed with an essentially stoichiometric flow of compressed air and fuel such that upon ignition and combustion of the reactants, there is produced at pressures in excess of 30 psig hot products of combustion. A first nozzle within the body of relatively small diameter d.sub.1 at the exit end of the combustion chamber expands the products to supersonic velocity. A duct of sufficiently large diameter within the body downstream of the first nozzle and open thereto converts a jet of hot gases to subsonic velocity by shock action prior to discharging the hot gas products of combustion. A second nozzle having a large diameter d.sub.2 in excess of the diameter d.sub.1 of the first nozzle and open to the duct at the end opposite the first nozzle produces a subsonic flame jet to be directed against the rock surface.

Abstract: An automated burner for channelling a mineral body, including, a guide shaft assembly having a guide shaft adapted to receive a burner staff for reciprocal movement. A first drive means is connected to the burner staff and is operative to reciprocally move the staff through a positive stroke in one direction and a gravity urged stroke in the opposite direction. A first control means is associated with the first drive means to reverse the direction of the reciprocal movement upon completion of positive stroke, upon completion of a gravity urged stroke and upon premature cessation of a gravity urged stroke. A second drive means connected to the guide shaft to impart oscillating motion thereto. So that the burner head is moved with a simultaneous reciprocating and oscillating movement through controlled cycles.

Abstract: High turn down ratio burner, comprising a burner housing (1) having a connection (2) for a combustible gas/air mixture and a substantially tubular mixture passage (3) leading to a constricted burner throat or mouth (4), via which passage the burner is connectable to a combustion chamber (7) which is part of a heat exchanger (6) or forms a flue passage leading to such heat exchanger, further comprising a flame arrester (8), which is a flashback preventer, in the form of a porous, gas/air mixture-permeable hollow body covering the entire flow-through area towards the burner throat (4) and arranged with its concave side towards the burner throat (4), at a short distance upstream thereof, a number of constricted auxiliary gas passages (9) being arranged around the burner throat.

Abstract: A combustion chamber and burner apparatus designed to accept multiple types f liquid fuel for use in ovens and griddles including an outer chamber and an inner chamber. The outer chamber includes an air input conduit at one end and a fluid delivery conduit at the opposite end. The inner chamber is disposed in spaced relationship within the outer chamber, and the air carried by the input conduit is caused to pass over the inner chamber for heat exchange purposes. The products of combustion produced in the inner chamber are mixed with the air passing over the inner chamber in the vicinity of the fluid delivery conduit at the opposite end of the outer chamber. The inner chamber includes a burner assembly including fuel delivery means, a flame retention head and means for moving a quantity of air past the head to shape the burner flame into a tear-drop shape so as to control the flame intensity and thereby the temperature of the substance delivered to the griddle.

Abstract: The burner comprises a combustion chamber equipped with a flame retention cone. The flame retention cone comprises a diverging jacket with orifices for the passage of oxygen-carrier gas. A fuel lance provided with radially arranged exit openings has its outlet in an upstream inlet section of the flame retention cone. An igniter is arranged in an oxygen-carrier gas duct outside an ignition opening provided in the area of the fuel lance exit openings. The combustion chamber is accommodated inside an outer tube. The downstream ends of the combustion chamber and the outer tube enclose openings spaced, relative to each other, in the circumferential direction to allow the exit of oxygen-carrier gas. The burner provides for flame stability and low-polluting combustion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering hydrocarbons in a which a first toroidal vortex of fuel and a combustion supporting gas is created with its center adjacent the axis of an elongated combustor; a second toroidal vortex of combustion supporting gas is generated between the first toroidal vortex; the fuel is burned in the presence of the combustion supporting gas to produce a fuel gas at the downstream end of the combustor; water is introduced into the flue gas adjacent the downstream end of the combustion to produce a mixture of flue gas and water; a major portion of the water is vaporized in a vaporizor to produce a mixture of flue gas and steam; and the mixture of flue gas and steam is injected into a hydrocarbon bearing formation.

Abstract: The injection element comprises a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, a mixing mber for fuel and oxidant, and an ignition device for a mixture of fuel and oxidant. To ensure optimum mixing of the reaction components and efficient ignition even in the case of small reactors, the fuel inlet opens into an ignition chamber having a widened flow cross-section, the ignition chamber has an outlet having a cross-section smaller than the flow cross-section of the ignition chamber, the outlet of the ignition chamber and the oxidant inlet open into the mixing chamber, an ignition oxidant inlet opens into the ignition chamber and the ignition device is disposed in the ignition chamber immediately upstream of its outlet.

Abstract: A gas burner (20) disclosed has general utility but has particular utility when utilized in a closely spaced relationship to roller conveyed glass sheets to provide forced convection heating. The burner (20) includes a cobbustion member (38) in which gas and air are introduced in a tangential relationship with respect to its inner surface to provide a swirling motion that mixes the gas with the air for combustion prior to discharge through outlets (46) to provide the forced convection heating. A glass sheet heated by this gas burner forced convection on the roller conveyor and subsequently cooled has reduced roll-wave distortion and reduced edge distortion as compared to radiantly heated glass sheets.

Abstract: Carbon build-up in a hot gas generator is avoided in a construction including a vessel 24 having a narrow inlet end 26, a narrow outlet end 28 and an intermediate, relatively wide, combustion chamber 30 by either disposing a heat shield 50 on the interior surface 48 of the combustion chamber 30 or locating a flow path 54 for coolant about the exterior surface 52 of the vessel 24, or both.

Abstract: A burner system comprising a central hearth tube defining a combustion chamber for a mixture of gas and air and made from thermomechanical ceramic, a tubular element comprising at its end located towards the gas outlet a radial restriction forming an axial and radial positioning stop for the hearth tube whereas the assembly of the latter to the other component parts of the burner is effected by a spring adapted to produce an axial pressure force under the impact of which the hearth tube is bearing upon said stop through a radial shoulder provided in its reduced portion, the burner providing a high velocity of outflow of the burnt gases.

Abstract: The pre-combustion chamber (1), in which liquid fuel is burnt sub-stoichiometrically, is connected upstream of a secondary combustion chamber (16), in which complete combustion takes place over-stoichiometrically. The sub-stoichiometric quantity of combustion air (11) for the pre-combustion chamber (2) is injected close to the wall from the outlet duct (3) upwards into the casing (2), which has a heart-shaped axial cross-section. The injection nozzles (7) for the fuel are positioned so that the jets of fuel (8) shield the layer of combustion air close to the wall from the partially burnt combustion mixture flowing through the outlet duct (3) into the secondary combustion chamber (16). At the end of the outlet duct (3) the quantity of auxiliary air required for complete combustion in the secondary combustion chamber (16) is added to the partially burnt combustion mixture.

Abstract: A ceramic gas burner for a combustion chamber of a hot-blast stove of a blast furnace has parallel vertical supply ducts for the two combustion components (gas and air). One duct opens upwardly at a first outlet opening which is rectangular in shape. The second duct opens at second outlet openings which are on each side of and above the first outlet opening and whose outflow directions are oblique to that of the first outlet opening. Recesses extend in each long side of the first opening towards the second openings. To improve the mixing of the two components, opposite each recess there is another such recess in the other long side of the opening.

Abstract: The heat recuperator of a burner for an industrial furnace makes use of a substantially cylindrical body of ceramic produced by extrusion in which there are two interleaved sets of parallel channels, one set for the flow of combustion product gases out of the furnace and another set for the supply of air to be preheated in the recuperator and delivered to a combustion chamber coaxial with the recuperator and possibly located at least in part in the end portion of the cavity surrounded by the cylindrical ceramic body. The combustion product gases and the air being preheated flow in countercurrent and the disposition of the sets of channels facilitates heat transfer. The combustion chamber is constituted entirely of ceramic parts. A jet nozzle is provided on the outlet side of the combustion chamber and a fuel lance passing through the middle of the recuperator body and into the combustion chamber may also serve to adjust the jet nozzle by means of a valve body around its tip.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for heating fluids wherein separate gas streams of natural gas and air are compressed to a preselected pressure, passed to an injection and mixing zone for thorough mixing including expansion of one gas and compression of the other, passed to a combustion chamber for burning with the combustion products being further contracted and passed to a heat exchanger conduit where such combustion products are progressively further contracted as they are brought into heat exchange with the fluid to be heated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering hydrocarbons in which a first torroidal vortex of fuel and a combustion supporting gas is created with its center adjacent the axis of an elongated combustor; a second torroidal vortex of combustion supporting gas is generated between the first torroidal vortex; the fuel is burned in the presence of the combustion supporting gas to produce a flue gas at the downstream end of the combustor; water is introduced into the flue gas adjacent the downstream end of the combustor to produce a mixture of flue gas and water; a major portion of the water is vaporized in a vaporizor to produce a mixture of flue gas and steam; and the mixture of flue gas and steam is injected into a hydrocarbon bearing formation.

Abstract: A combustion system includes waste, fuel, and oxidizer conduits which exit into a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is lined with refractory within a metal housing and includes a shoulder. A venturi extends between the combustion chamber and an oxidizer manifold mounted on one end of the combustion chamber. The waste conduit communicates with a nozzle in the venturi for atomizing the waste in the combustion chamber. The fuel conduit communicates with ports in the venturi whereby as the oxidizer passes through apertures in the venturi, the fuel is introduced into the oxidizer stream. The mixture of oxidizer and fuel is deflected toward the wall of the combustion chamber where the mixture becomes entrained with the atomized waste from the nozzle. The waste mixes with the mixture of oxidizer and fuel by turbulent flow and is redirected by the shoulder towards the nozzle.

Abstract: A gas burner (20) disclosed has general utility but has particular utility when utilized in a closely spaced relationship to roller conveyed glass sheets to provide forced convection heating. The burner (20) includes a combustion member (38) in which gas and air are introduced in a tangential relationship with respect to its inner surface to provide a swirling motion that mixes the gas with the air for combustion prior to discharge through outlets (46) to provide the forced convection heating. A glass sheet heated by this gas burner forced convection on the roller conveyor and subsequently cooled has reduced roll-wave distortion and reduced edge distortion as compared to radiantly heated glass sheets.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for burning fuel includes supplying fuel and primary air to the upstream end portion of a longitudinally extending precombustion chamber having a longitudinally extending outer wall. Fuel and primary air are flowed in a longitudinal downstream direction through the precombustion chamber while self-sustained combustion is maintained in the precombustion chamber by partially precombusting, mixing and heating the mixture of fuel and primary air. The uncombusted fuel and combustion products are flowed through a primary nozzle at the downstream end of the precombustion chamber. Secondary air is flowed longitudinally in a downstream direction through a longitudinally extending secondary air chamber having a longitudinally extending outer wall surrounding the outer wall of the precombustion chamber. The longitudinally flowing secondary air is heated while it cools the outer wall of precombustion chamber.

Abstract: This invention relates to internal combustion burners. In the burners according to the invention, the combustible mixture flows in counter-current to the combustion gases while in contact with the same, and the introduction of the mixture into the combustion chamber is effected along a wall of said chamber and the emitted gases leave the chamber along a second wall thereof, the two walls being opposite one another. The burners according to the invention, which have improved performance and versatility of use, are of use more particularly for mineral fibre drawing processes.

Abstract: A burner assembly of the forced draft type includes a set of waste and oxidizer conduits which exit into the combustion zone of a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber includes a primary chamber and a secondary chamber formed by a lining of refractory within a metal housing. A nozzle is disposed at the outlet of the waste conduit to flare the spray of the fluid waste into the primary combustion chamber. The air conduits communicate with the primary combustion chamber about the periphery thereof. The nozzle end of the waste conduit causes the waste to become entrained with the combustion air moving adjacent the inner lateral walls of the primary combustion chamber. The air exiting from the plurality of air conduits is intercepted by the waste exiting from the waste conduit. The waste mixes with the air by turbulent flow, and the pressure of the air and waste creates a velocity sufficient to cause a back pressure within the primary combustion chamber.

Abstract: An igniter for igniting waste gas discharged from a gas discharge pipe has a flame detection circuit. The igniter has an electrode and a gas conduit which supplies a source of fuel to the nozzle for creating a flame to discharge across the gas discharge pipe. A continuous DC voltage is supplied to the electrode, with any current flow between the electrode and the housing indicating the presence of a flame. Passages are provided near the electrode for circulating hot gas to reduce moisture, which could provide false readings. The internal components are mounted on a frame, which is secured in place by a locking device located at the bottom of the housing. The nozzle has a plurality of slots for the discharge of flame with the slots located at the lower end of the nozzle being of larger surface area than at the other end of the nozzle. Auxillary lines extend through the housing for discharging low volume waste gas and flame extinguishing fluid, if desired.

Abstract: A water heater having improved efficiency. The water heater includes a tubular member that is mounted in an opening in the side of the tank and extends generally horizontally across the tank. The tubular member defines a combustion chamber and a fuel burner is located within the combustion chamber. The outer end of the tubular member communicates with the atmosphere and air is drawn into the tubular member and mixed with fuel to provide a mixture which is ignited. The waste gases of combustion are discharged from the inner end of the tubular member into a heat exchanger which is located in the tank beneath the tubular member, and the hot waste gases being discharged from the combustion chamber and passing through the heat exchanger transfer heat to the water in the tank. The heat exchanger is connected to a stack and a blower is mounted in the stack downstream of the heat exchanger and serves to draw the waste gases of combustion from the combustion chamber through the heat exchanger to the stack.

Abstract: A furnace (12) including a roller conveyor (18) and gas burners (20) distinct from the conveyor for supplying forced convection that is the dominant mode of heat transfer to glass sheets during a heating process. The gas burners (20) have general utility but have particular utility when utilized in a closely spaced relationship to the roller conveyed glass sheet to provide the forced convection heating. Each burner (20) includes a combustion member (38) defining an elongated combustion chamber (42) extending transversely to the direction of conveyance. Gas and air are introduced into the combustion chamber (42) in a tangential relationship with respect to its inner surface to provide a swirling motion that mixes the gas with the air for combustion prior to discharge through outlets (46) to provide the forced convection heating.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel reactor is formed from a plurality of concentric casings which form a primary air chamber, a secondary air chamber, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution chamber, and a tertiary air chamber. The flow of gas and air through the various chambers interact to provide controlled flame characteristics. Additionally, the flame is maintained at a lower temperature to avoid the formation of pollutants.

Abstract: A cyclone separator is disclosed for effectively separating a gaseous or liquid medium from solid particles or for separating two or more similar substances by size or weight. The cyclone separator includes a chamber having a cylindrical member closed off by lower and upper end walls. A first inlet is tangentially formed in a lower portion of the cylindrical chamber and provides a means for introducing a first substance, for example, a carbonaceous fuel. A second inlet is also tangentially formed in a lower portion of the cylindrical chamber above and at an inclined angle to the first inlet. A second substance, for example, pressurized air, can be routed through the second inlet so as to combine with the fuel to form a combustible mixture. The mixture is circulated at a high velocity in an upwardly extending spiral path to promote burning and to produce combustible gas and ash.

Abstract: A combustion device for combustion of a gaseous fuel with air is provided with means for supplying gas automatically at a mass flow rate corresponding to a mass flow of air governed by the demand of heat. The gas is supplied at a pressure slightly above atmospheric pressure to an ejector using preheated primary air as a carrying medium. The ejector is mounted in a flow path in series with and after a blower, a recuperative preheater and a swirl device but prior to a system of heater tubes and the exhaust passages of the preheater.

Abstract: A technique of forming fibers, employing a drawing apparatus which apparatus is comprised of a centrifuge combined with a hot gas flow produced by a burner. The burner emits a continuous envelope along the centrifuge. This envelope is produced such that it flow out at the origin of a hyperboloidal configuration. This outflow is produced by feeding the burner from feed conduits which are inclined with respect to the axis of the burner.