Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for producing synthetic gas by using a blast furnace as a gasifier. The furnace is charged in a conventional manner with particles of solid carbonaceous material such as normal, low grade or undersized coke together with slag-producing material, such as limestone, silica and/or basic oxygen furnace and/or open hearth furnace slag. Fluent fuel such as pulverized coal mixed with oxygen-containing gas and with lime if desired is injected into pre-ignition chambers near the hearth line of the furnace. The fluent fuel is ignited and partially gasified in the pre-ignition chambers, creating a hot reducing gas that enters the furnace raceway and passes upwardly into and through the body of charge material in the furnace stack. At the resulting high temperatures ash from the fluent fuel liguifies within the system to provide a liquid slag. Under a controlled high temperature reducing atmosphere, the liquid lime removes essentially all sulfur from the product gas.

Abstract: A method of and means for changing the direction of flow of the products of combustion leaving a fuel fired burner. Located adjacent to the discharge end of a combustion chamber of the burner is a quarl or burner block having a convex surface defining a deflection path which follows closely said surface and along which the projected combustion products are caused to flow under the influence of surrounding gaseous pressures. The passage through the quarl in advance of the convex surface is restricted, for example by an encroachment of the convex surface into the passage and a deflector lip projecting into the passage opposite to said encroachment. The quarl may be inserted in the wall of a furnace at right angles thereto and without projecting therebeyond to direct the combustion products along the wall surface.

Abstract: The air flow in one zone of a gypsum wallboard dryer involves removal of the air from the wallboard drying section at one end of the elongate wallboard drying section, followed by directing a major portion of this air through fans to accelerate the air flow, next heating the air in an elongate plenum, through which the air passes, by directing high intensity flame angularly into the air flow from the periphery of the elongate section, thus creating agitation within the air flow to create uniformity of temperature therethroughout prior to directing the heated, thoroughly mixed air back into the wallboard drying section, at an end of the section opposite to the end from which it was originally removed.

Abstract: A gas mixer and reactor is provided which is especially suitable as a burner which includes an elongated gas flow chamber with a nozzle arrangement at its inlet end for passing a first gaseous reactant into the interior of the chamber toward the outlet from points uniformly about the inner periphery of the chamber, and an annular nozzle arrangement near the outlet of the gas flow chamber for directing another gaseous reactant or reactants through the outlet of the gas flow chamber and into a thermal reaction chamber which communicates with the outlet of the gas flow chamber.

Abstract: A high momentum industrial gas burner designed to create a high velocity which, in turn, is capable of creating high wind circulation that can be maintained during burner turndown. The various chambers of the burner are specially designed, so that fluid pressure within the burner is less than atmospheric pressure, or the fluid pressure within the heating chamber of a furnace wherein the burner is used to heat, for example, air.

Abstract: In a fluent fuel burner using a flame anchor plate, secondary air from a plenum leaves the plenum through a restricted passage so that the secondary air is at high velocity and correspondingly low pressure and this low pressure is used to suck the flame to the rim of the anchor plate. Two dual fuel burners are described in which a gaseous fuel introduction means has an enlarged end portion which extends from within the air plenum into a combustion space, the said portion having slots in it to allow primary air to enter the said portion to serve as primary air for combustion, and which has associated with it a flame anchor plate. The plenum has a wall on the combustion side with a hole in it. In one embodiment, the anchor plate overlies the rim of the hole so that a narrow annular passage defined between the plate and the wall directs the secondary air in a radial blast.

Abstract: A high capacity, quiet burner for a hot air heating system for use in heating the top and bottom ends of a plastic coated carton, or the like, and which has a tubular burner body provided with a chamber therein which is open at an outlet end and enclosed at an inlet end. A burner nozzle is mounted in the burner body chamber adjacent the inlet end, and a mixture of primary air and fuel is conveyed into the burner nozzle and ignited by a spark plug. Secondary air under pressure is conveyed into the burner body chamber, for flow around the burner nozzle for heating the secondary air and for mixing the secondary air with combustion gases formed by the combustion of the mixture of primary air and fuel in the burner nozzle, and for subsequent discharge through the outlet end of the burner body chamber onto a carton end to be heated. The burner nozzle is provided with a screen pack for dividing the primary air and gas mixture into fine segments, and with a fiberglass filter means for reducing fluid flow noises.

Abstract: A thermal drilling device which operates in a rotary or circumferentially oscillatory motion and which is particularly adapted for drilling geological formations comprises a drill body which has an interior combustion chamber with a bottom having an outlet defining a discharge nozzle. Means are provided for adding fuel components into the combustion chamber and for igniting them to generate hot gaseous products of combustion which are discharged through a nozzle slot arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber. The nozzle slot extends diametrically of the drilling area at the bottom and slot outline or a plurality of slots arranged symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the drilling body. In one embodiment the nozzle slot has a radially extending portion with the circumferential width of the slot increasing in a radial outward direction.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to wall burners which are used to raise the temperature of a gas stream flowing through a duct. Wall burners are mounted outside the duct and fire into the duct through a porthole formed in the duct wall. The present invention is uniquely characterized by a pre-main combustion chamber wherein a combusting fuel-air mixture is generated using only a small amount of the total fuel expended by the burner. The combusting mixture travels downstream through an accelerator ring and into the duct at high velocity and momentum. On the downstream side of the accelerator ring, main fuel ports inject the major portion of the fuel expended into the combusting fuel-air mixture whereupon a transfer of heat and momentum takes place which carries the unburned main fuel into the duct where the main combustion process takes place.

Abstract: A fuel combustor comprises a chamber with air and fuel inlets and a combination gas outlet. The fuel is supplied to a vaporization zone and fuel and air are mixed in a pair of mixing chambers each exemplified by a swirl can and the resultant mixture is directed into a combustion zone within the combustor. Combustion products are exhausted, for example, into a turbine inlet.Heat pipe means, in this case comprising a pair of heat pipes for each swirl can, are arranged each pipe with one end portion substantially in the combustion zone and the other end portion in the vaporization zone of its appropriate mixing chamber. By use of the heat pipe means some of the heat of combustion is carried back upstream into the swirl cans, to vaporize the fuel as it enters the vaporization zone in the swirl can, thereby improving vaporization and fuel mixing. Fewer pollutants are formed and complete combustion is assisted because of the improved fuel vaporization and better mixing.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine fuel burner comprises the combination of an atomising fuel nozzle and a vaporizing duct in which the atomised fuel is arranged to impinge on the wall of the vaporizing duct and mix with a portion of the compressor delivery air from the engine compressor. The resultant fuel and air mixture flows into the combustion chamber through a plurality of equi-spaced elongated slots formed in the cylindrical wall of the vaporizing duct, each of the elongated slots having its major axis or longest side extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the duct.

Abstract: A gas cooking range of the smooth top type has four burners positioned under a single plate of heat-resistant glass/ceramic material; and a single igniter and safety control assembly is centrally positioned between the burners. The supply of gas to each of the burners flows through an ignition chamber where it is ignited, and it then flows through a combustion tube to a combustion chamber, where combustion is completed. Some air is mixed with the gas at the fuel supply control valve, and additional air is supplied through the ignition chamber. The burning gas mixture then flows through the combustion tube to the combustion chamber at the entrance of which an additional quantity of air is added to provide the remainder of air necessary for complete combustion.

Abstract: An apparatus for obtaining rapid bonding of thermoplastic materials to themselves or other similar or different materials by means of a high velocity high temperature direct flame in combination with pressure. This achieves a sufficiently rapid treatment so that the properties of the materials are not substantially detrimentally affected. Thin laminates of highly oriented materials can be bonded without loss of strength characteristics.

Abstract: Burner arrangements for staged combustion to decrease nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel with air. The burner arrangements have a combustion into which hydrocarbon fuel and less than 70% of the stoichiometric air are introduced, and a path for the secondary air around the combustion chamber. A flame holding means is provided in one end of the combustion chamber to stabilize the substoichiometric combustion so that a partially burned gas containing mainly H.sub.2 and CO as combustible components is obtained. The combustion chamber has an exit, and there is an exit from the secondary air path near the exit of the combustion chamber. A discharging means for the partially burned gas is provided at the exit of the combustion chamber to vary the pattern of the flow of said partially burned gas by converting the enthalpy of said partially burned gas into kinetic energy.

Abstract: A system for the direct firing of immersion tubes for heating of liquids in vats or tanks, including a gas burner, of the postmixer nozzle type comprising a gas supply tube having a blanked off downstream end provided with a series of peripheral gas ports, the gas tube being concentrically disposed within an air tube and having a perforated cone attached thereto slightly rearwardly of the gas ports, the arrangement being such that gas and air is entrained above atmospheric pressure and thoroughly mixed at the burner head by the turbulent flow of air through the perforated cone and around its periphery so as to create regions of gas rich and weak mixtures whereby to obtain flame stability. The system also includes a combustion chamber communicating the burner with the immersion tube.

Abstract: A hot gas generator for the production of hot combustion gases includes a cylindrical combustion chamber having an inner and an outer air conduit concentrically disposed thereabout. A fuel nozzle means is arranged at one longitudinal end of the cylindrical combustion chamber and an exhaust port is arranged at the other longitudinal end thereof. A baffle plate is disposed on the longitudinal end of the cylindrical combustion chamber on which the fuel nozzle means is arranged. Combustion air from a blower or the like flows through the outer air conduit into the inner conduit where it is heated by the cylindrical combustion chamber and then passes through openings in the baffle plate into the cylindrical combustion chamber.

Abstract: The burner is capable of operating either on gas or fuel oil and includes a burner block with a high velocity discharge nozzle. Combustion air for the burner is rotationally spun to promote more complete combustion of the fuel and to reduce the formation of carbon deposits along the block and within the discharge nozzle. As a result of the spinning combustion air, a high rotational velocity is imparted to the flame so that the flame threads corkscrew-fashion out of the discharge nozzle and is formed with a hollow center.

Abstract: Simultaneous ignition of a multi-burner compact steam generator is accomplished through use of a pilot flame that is established in each of the individual burner elements. A hot gas ignition source is generated in a preburner plenum chamber by sparking a fuel/oxidizer mixture. A combustion wave resulting from gases generated within the plenum is distributed to each of the individual main burners through a multiplicity of conduits to ignite a pilot fuel source which is independently fed into each of the burner elements thus providing a pilot flame for subsequent main stage ignition.

Abstract: A high velocity gaseous fuel burner has a casing with an inlet end into which air is blown to an outlet end in the form of a nozzle. Within the casing but circumferentially spaced therefrom is an elongated combustion tube into the rear end of which a main burner unit projects a fuel/air mixture. The outlet end of the tube reaches to or into the nozzle and the air blown through the casing passes over the combustion tube, some air passing into the tube through apertures in its wall. A boost burner unit may be mounted through the walls of the casing and tube to project a fuel/air mixture axially towards the casing nozzle to produce further combustion beyond the tube outlet. Valves are provided for controlling the flow of fuel and air to the two burner units jointly and/or separately.

Abstract: High-pressure gas generating apparatus includes a combustion chamber and a water jacket surrounding the combustion chamber. A metal fuel injecting nozzle is disposed in the center of one end of the combustion chamber. The water in the jacket is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of a swirling stream around the fuel injected from the nozzle.

Abstract: A technique is described for igniting the oil shale rubble pile in an in situ oil shale retort. A gas-air burner is lowered through a hole to a plenum over the oil shale to be ignited. An excess of air is passed through the hole and around the burner so that it is kept cool as the flame from it impinges on the rubble pile and the air also provides oxygen for combustion of carbonaceous material in the shale. Preferably the burner is in a cylindrical housing having a refractory exit nozzle at its lower end so that a hot flame is ejected downwardly. Air is brought to the inlet of the nozzle through an outer feed tube in the housing and coaxial therewith. Combustible gas is introduced through an inner axial feed tube which terminates short of the inlet end of the nozzle in a mixing chamber. A mixing orifice is provided between the mixing chamber and the nozzle for thorough mixing of the gas and inhibition of travel of the flame back into the burner.

Abstract: A concentric burner and feedstock injection assembly, for a carbon black reactor, designed for the atomizing and burning of liquid fuels to provide the heat required for the reaction. The atomizing tip consists of two annular rings machined to form a throat having a generally converging annulus through which part of the combustion air, brought first into strong swirling motion, is accelerated and passes as an air stream having a hollow, frusto-conical, divergent pattern. Fuel oil is injected, through a plurality of holes drilled through the inner annular ring, into said air stream and is atomized by said stream. The balance of the combustion air is supplied to the combustion chamber which surrounds the burner and is in communication with the reaction zone of the reactor. Feedstock oil is injected into the reaction chamber through a tubular subassembly inserted through a central opening in the assembly.

Abstract: A combustion chamber especially adapted for use in a high heating capacity, positive-pressure, single-pass radiant heating system employing an oil-fired burner as the heat source comprises a generally cylindrical body having conical ends, one of which has a high degree of taper and is adapted to mount the air tube of an oil-fired burner, and the other of which has a lower degree of taper and is adapted to mount a heating conduit through which combustion products are passed.

Abstract: A burner comprises means for directing combustion air into a combustion space for ignition with fuel which is directed into the space by an electromagnetic fuel pump which is operated off the shaft of a blower motor through the operation of a rotatably perforated disc which is rotated by the shaft to operate a photoelectric switching device for intermittently actuating the electromagnet of the fuel pump.

Abstract: A flat flame burner comprises an air swirling chamber, an air supply tube provided for the air chamber for introducing combustion air thereinto in the peripheral direction of the air chamber so as to produce a swirling air stream in the chamber, a fuel gas supply tube disposed in the air chamber and having inlets centrally of the space for the swirling air stream and a flame opening positioned at one side in the direction of axis of the swirling air stream coaxially with the swirling air stream, the flame opening being defined by a wall having a thin portion around said opening and a flat outer face.