Abstract: Process for the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in a burner being exposed to corrosive atmosphere, wherein outer surface of the burner being protected by passing a non-corrosive atmosphere along the outer burner surface.

Abstract: A compact torch for use in semiconductor processing which may be used both to produce steam and to perform wet or dry dichlorethylene (DCE) oxidation at varying concentrations with no reconfiguration of the torch, providing full temperature of control of the oxidation product gases, with redundancy to provide automatic backup of heating and ignition elements, and with non-mechanical flow control of the oxidation product gases.

Abstract: A powered multi-fuel burner for heating a heating cabinet of a cooking station. A frame provides first and second lateral skids which are spaced apart to be received on first and second lateral brackets in the heating cabinet. The frame includes first and second feet on a side of the frame which extends out of the cabinet when it is inserted. A plenum supported on the front end of the frame has an insulated interior, and an exterior apertured surface facing each of the cooking stations in the heating cabinet. A burner assembly has a flame tube which is inserted through a convective air current into the plenum. The burner produces a flame which is spread by the plenum, but which produces no flame through the apertured surfaces. The multi-fuel burner may be used inside or outside of the heating cabinet for diverse cooking applications.

Abstract: A water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature material tiles. Angular segments of a tile annulus around a burner nozzle orifice are secured to the water jacket face by furnace melted, high temperature brazed metal. The metal water jacket face along radial joints between adjacent tiles is protected by stepped or scarfed lap joints.

Abstract: A burner assembly (10) comprising an elongate housing (12) supplied with a gas-air mixture and an elongate burner port body (28) slidably disposed in an elongate aperture (26) in the housing. The position of the burner port body (26) with respect to the housing is adjustable, resulting in a more accurate adjustment of the assembly, since the position of the housing (12) can remain fixed.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for suppressing flame/pressure pulsations in a furnace, in which a flame is surrounded by a gas shroud stream having a higher flow speed, whereby a ring vortex formation is stopped. In order for this gas shroud stream to be able to achieve smaller gas volumes, a screen is provided that surrounds the gas outlet openings and runs at a spacing around the burner, so that a flue gas recirculation area associated with the combustion chamber is separated from the outlet location of the gas shroud stream and thus the gas shroud stream itself.

Abstract: The operational life of a synthesis gas generation reactor burner nozzle is improved, at least about 14%, by a faired lip around the nozzle discharge orifice projecting about 0.95 cm from the nozzle end face. The lip is faired with a 45.degree. conical angle from the nozzle face. A smooth transition of recirculated gas flow across the nozzle face into the reactive material discharge column is believed to promote an attached static or laminar flowing boundary layer of cooled gas that insulates the nozzle face, to a degree, from the emissive heat of the combustion reaction.

Abstract: A cell arrangement for the electrolysis of water to liberate hydrogen and oxygen gases is described. A cell unit (125) has a stacked arrangement of segmentation disks (114), a first type of (anode) cell plates (90), a second type of (cathode) cell plates (98) and separation membranes (116). Interconnecting conductive shafts (126-131) pass through holes (100,102) of the cell plates (90,98) to have selective electrical interconnection therewith. Water and electrolyte is supplied by inlet ports (108,110) to immerse the cell plates (90,98). The membranes (116) normally isolate adjacent cathode and anode plates (90,98) from the mixing of liberated oxygen and hydrogen gases whilst allowing ionic current flow. By selective adjustment of the water/electrolyte pressure differential on respective sides of the separation membranes (116), admixture of the liberated gases can be produced. The liberated gases discharge by outlet ports (104,106).

Abstract: The water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature melting point material. The heat shield element is secured to the water jacket face by means of six, for example, radially aligned bayonet mounts. Along each of the radial mounting lines, a pair of radially aligned posts project from the water jacket face. Blind sockets in the heat shield back side surface are aligned to receive the posts therein. Radial bayonet channels between the heat shield face side and backside surfaces connect the inner outer heat shield perimeters through the posts and post sockets. Bayonet wires through the bayonet channels secure the heat shield position relative to the water jacket face.

Abstract: The water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature melting point material. The shield material is formed into two ceramic rings that face or cover the nozzle water jacket face. A circular joint between the outer perimeter of an interior shield annulus is stepped to provide a protective lap with the interior perimeter of an exterior shield annulus. The interior ceramic ring is secured in place around the burner nozzle orifice by external lugs projecting radially from the nozzle extruder lip. A second set of external lugs is provided around the outer perimeter of the water jacket face. Internal sectors within a perimeter cuff bracket secure the outer ceramic ring to the water jacket face.

Abstract: A non-water cooled burner is provided for preparation of synthesis gas by partial oxidation of hydrocarbon-containing fuel and an oxygen-containing gas applied as oxidiser. The burner comprises a burner head and an arrangement of passages or channels for feeding the fuel and oxidiser and optionally a moderator gas to a reactor. The burner head is provided with a non-ceramic lining or thin-walled mantle mounted at its one end on the burner head and its other end directed to the reactor and surrounding the passages. The non-ceramic lining is externally provided with a protection shield against hot synthesis gas, the protection shield comprising a plurality of separate ceramic members which join sideways at least partially in such a manner that the non-ceramic lining at its the other end is encircled over a determined part of its length by the plurality of separate ceramic members. The plurality of ceramic members is fixed on the non-ceramic lining.

Abstract: High dynamic pressure oscillations in hydrocarbon-fueled combustors typically occur when the transport time of the fuel to the flame front is at some fraction of the acoustic period. These oscillations are reduced to acceptably lower levels by restructuring or repositioning the flame front in the combustor to increase the transport time. A pilot flame front located upstream of the oscillating flame and pulsed at a selected frequency and duration effectively restructures and repositions the oscillating flame in the combustor to alter the oscillation-causing transport time.

Abstract: Five embodiments of Pollution-Free, Efficient, Large Scale Electrical Power Generation Systems, using thermal energy are illustrated herein. Each embodiment is composed of subsystems and/or individual elements which tailor each system to an operating environment that requires different implementation modes or applications.Also illustrated are two embodiments configured to adapt smaller scale power plants to applications such as platform mounted portable power applications, large vehicle propulsion, and other applications.Also illustrated is an embodiment configured to produce high quality fluid at controlled pressures and temperatures as required by a wide range of industrial applications.

Abstract: A gas generator is provided for generating gas including steam and carbon dioxide from the combustion of a hydrocarbon gas with oxygen. The gas generator includes an enclosure with an induction head (201) having an oxygen inlet and a fuel inlet therein, an adapter block (202) to which the induction head (201) attaches and a mixing chamber (203) to which the adapter block (202) is attached. The fuel and oxygen enter the enclosure by first passing through the induction head (201). A start up igniter (210) is located within the induction head (201) to ignite the fuel and oxygen mixture within the enclosure. The adapter block (202) includes a shroud extending away from the induction head (201) and which defines a combustion chamber within the enclosure. The fuel and oxygen mixture is combusted within the combustion chamber before passing out of the shroud of the adapter block (202) and into the mixing chamber (203).

Abstract: Combustion gas is fed to a furnace, preferably a recovery boiler for combusting black liquor from cellulose pulp processing, through a gas nozzle disposed in association with a wall of the furnace. The nozzle has a longitudinal axis of elongation, an exterior, and a hollow interior. Cooling gas is directed into contact with the nozzle exterior, and typically also the furnace wall where the nozzle engages the furnace wall. The cooling gas typically moves in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle (e.g. at a velocity of between 10-30 m/sec), and cools the nozzle. Combustion gas passes through the nozzle hollow interior and enters the furnace facilitating combustion of black liquor within the furnace. Desirably the cooling gas is redirected and enters the nozzle interior as the combustion gas. The nozzle may be further cooled by cooling fins or studs on a portion of the nozzle exterior impacted by cooling gas.

Abstract: Rotary burner suitable for installation on a sidewall (11) of a furnace and for cooperating with the inside of the furnace, which comprises at least one sidewall (11) equipped with cooled panels (18), the rotary burner (10) including at least one supporting and fixture assembly (12) solidly associated with the sidewall (11) of the furnace and at least one positioning and orientation assembly (13) rotatably fitted on the axis of the supporting and fixture assembly (12), the positioning and orientation assembly (13) containing a through hole (22) in which a body (14) of the burner (10) is removably secured in a retracted position, the through hole (22) having its axis (34) downwardly inclined towards the inside of the furnace by an angle ".beta." between 10.degree. and 60.degree. in relation to the axis (33) of rotation of the positioning and orientation assembly (13), the positioning and orientation assembly (13) being able to be rotated by at least an arc of a circumference up to .+-.180.degree.

Abstract: A cyclone after-burner for cyclone reburn NO.sub.x reduction in a furnace has a retractable fuel pipe inside a lance extending along the cylindrical axis of the cyclone to a point near the re-entrant throat. The lance has a water-cooled jacket that is refractory covered to reduce heat absorption. The fuel pipe is adapted to provide gas, oil or pulverized coal for combustion in the furnace.

Abstract: A burner apparatus is used in a glass furnace incorporating a plurality of pairs of burners, each pair of burners being provided at the diametrically opposite locations of the furnace and operated alternately. The burner apparatus comprises a water cooled wall located in an opening of a burner tile, a cooling water supply device for supplying cooling water to the backside surface of the water cooled wall, and an opening formed in the water cooled wall. The forward end portion of a fuel injection nozzle provided on the forward end of the burner is fitted in the opening formed in the water cooled wall.

Abstract: An improved burner for partial oxidation process gas generators is provided which has annular passages formed between coaxially aligned conduits extending from upstream sources to the downstream reaction zone. An outer coolant jacket, internally baffled from optimum coolant flow and sized for minimum downstream area surrounds a recessed and fuel/oxidizer delivery conduit ending in a nozzle. The central delivery conduit is not attached to the coolant jacket and the annular space between them is connected to a high pressure supply of relatively inert gas which can periodically be vented through the annular space to prevent slag build up on the nozzle or coolant jacket.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for reducing pollutant gas emissions in the combustion of fuel, which utilize oxygen or oxygen-enriched air while avoiding the resulting disadvantages of high flame temperature and low gas momentum resulting in high NO.sub.x emissions. The invention provides a process of burning fuel, which simultaneously injects two jets of heated oxidant gas such as recirculated furnace gases and mixing such recirculated furnace gases with the oxidant into the furnace.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for combusting fluid fuel, e.g., liquid fuel, in at least two combustion zones, wherein the fluid fuel is partially combusted with a fluid fuel atomizing or dispersing fluid containing oxygen in an initial combustion zone and is completely combusted with oxidant in at least one subsequent combustion zone.

Abstract: Oxy-fuel combustion combined with air-fuel combustion to increase productivity of the combustion process and reduce nitrogen oxides in the products of combustion by maintaining fuel rich oxy-fuel combustion while combusting the air-fuel as close as possible at stoichiometric conditions.

Abstract: A partial oxidation process and a novel burner are provided for simultaneously introducing two or three separate feedstreams into a free-flow partial oxidation gas generator for the production of synthesis gas and fuel gas, or reducing gas. The reactant feedstreams include a liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel or a pumpable slurry of solid carbonaceous fuel, and a free-oxygen containing gas e.g. air or oxygen. The burner comprises a central conduit and a plurality of spaced concentric coaxial conduits with down-flowing annular passages. A flat annular-shaped disc or cup-shaped porous ceramic or porous metal cooling means of uniform composition, wall thickness and porosity with the various pores interconnecting is attached to the downstream tip of the burner. A controlled amount of liquid coolant under pressure is passed successively through the porous inside surface, porous core and porous outside surface of the cooling means is vaporized. The tip of the burner is thereby cooled.

Abstract: A fast, safe pyrogenic external torch assembly that provides pure steam for semiconductor processing in semiconductor processing furnaces includes a gas injection nozzle subassembly, a pulse heater subassembly and a compressed-air-cooled heat-exchanging jacket subassembly. The gas injection nozzle subassembly includes plural oxygen gas injection nozzles and a hydrogen gas injection nozzle that cooperate to provide a torch that is well-behaved over the practicable range of oxygen and hydrogen gas supply rates and ratios, that may be quickly ramped to any desired gas flow conditions and that is free from the possibility of unwanted explosion due to incomplete hydrogen gas consumption. The pulse heater subassembly includes one or more blackbodies and a radiant energy source that are cooperative to quickly and efficiently provide one or more hot spots at the industry safe-ignition temperature.

Abstract: There is disclosed an oxygen heater, which uses a portion of supplied oxygen as auxiliary combustion oxygen, a hot oxygen lance and a pulverized solid fuel burner, both having oxygen heaters. The oxygen heater has a combustion chamber for burning fuel with a portion of the supplied oxygen. An oxygen-jetting opening is disposed around the combustion chamber. The oxygen jetted out of the opening forms a gas curtain between an internal wall of a mixing chamber and a flame produced in the combustion chamber, and is heated by the flame. Both the oxygen lance and the burner includes the above-mentioned oxygen heater.

Abstract: A burner device for combustion of a combustible mixture of two flowable components consists of a chamber housing, first feed means for the first component, second feed means for the second component and an outlet opening for the combustion gases. Serving as feed means for the first component is an injector pipe, which has a rearward axial bore at its end oriented towards the outlet opening, a narrower forward axial bore at its other end, a constriction between the two bores. The feed means for the second component consists of at least one inclined channel which extends radially and obliquely relative to the injector axis with the apex of the angle .alpha.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of fine-grained to dusty solid fuels incorporates a central internal tube for supplying the solid fuels and an annular gap surrounding the internal tube and delimited by a cooled external tube, for supplying oxygen or oxygen-containing gas. The annular gap ends externally by an exhaust port directed obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner and peripherally surrounding the end of the central internal tube, or by a plurality of exhaust ports annularly disposed about the longitudinal axis of the burner. In order to ensure the complete combustion of the fine-grained to dusty fuels at a long service life of the burner, the inclination of the exhaust port(s) relative to the longitudinal axis of the burner is below 20.degree.. The exhaust port(s) is/are arranged transverse to the longitudinal axis of the burner and in the radial direction relative to the same at a distance of between 5 and 30 mm from the inner wall of the internal tube.

Abstract: A pulse combustor having thermally induced pulse combustion in a continuously flowing system is described. The pulse combustor is fitted with at lease one elongated ceramic body which significantly increases the heat transfer area in the combustion chamber of the combustor. The ceramic body or bodies possess sufficient mass and heat capacity to ignite the fuel-air charge once the ceramic body or bodies are heated by conventional spark plug initiated combustion so as to provide repetitive ignition and combustion of sequentially introduced fuel-air charges without the assistance of the spark plug and the rapid quenching of the flame after each ignition in a controlled manner so as to provide a selective control over the oscillation frequency and amplitude. Additional control over the heat transfer in the combustion chamber is provided by employing heat exchange mechanisms for selectively heating or cooling the elongated ceramic body or bodies and/or the walls of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the combustion in an incineration device of noxious noncondensable gases produced in a pulp mill comprising the use of a novel injection nozzle, said nozzle comprising a tubular conduit means, an insulating inner jacket surrounding said conduit means, and an outer cooling jacket surrounding said inner jacket. Increased nozzle life is obtained.

Abstract: A method for reducing the flame temperature of an oxy-fuel burner, such a burner comprising a central oxygen nozzle at least one fuel nozzle radially spaced from the central oxygen nozzle, and at least one peripheral oxygen nozzle at greater radial distance from the central oxygen nozzle than the fuel nozzle, all nozzles being at least substantially parallel, a casing surrounding the nozzles and whose forward end lies in a plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the burner, and whose rear portion defines an oxygen chamber, and means for the supply of oxygen-containing gas and fuel, respectively, to the nozzles. The peripheral oxygen nozzle is in the form of a Laval nozzle or, if it is an annular nozzle, is of the same cross-sectional variation as the Laval nozzle throughout its entire length.

Abstract: Furnace gas is aspirated through furnace gas conduits (44) to the low pressure throats (42) of the Venturi conduits (41) that move high oxygen content gas to the combustion chamber (28) of the aspirating burner (20). Fuel is injected through fuel conduit (46) to the combustion chamber (28) to mix with the gases and form the flame in the combustion chamber which is emitted at high velocity from the burner into the furnace.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode formed in a spaced-apart relation to each other on a substrate, a semiconductor layer formed over the source and drain electrodes, a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor layer and a gate electrode on the gate insulating film. First and second ohmic contact layers are formed in the entirety of the surface regions of the semiconductor layer which are in contact with the source and drain electrodes.

Abstract: A pulse combustor having a casing defining a combustion chamber and an exhaust region encircling the combustion chamber. A carburetor is coupled to the casing with an injector for injecting a fuel mixture into the combustion chamber in response to a pressure reduction following combustion in the combustion chamber. An ignitor for initially igniting the fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is provided. Following ignition and a rapid increase in pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber a pressure wave expands radially travelling along the exhaust region and then reversing direction in response to subsequent pressure reduction in the combustion chamber. After a fresh fuel mixture has been injected during the low pressure period it is pre-compressed by the pressure wave together with at least some of the hot residue from the previous combustion and then again ignites, repeating the cycle. The casing is cooled to enhance the pressure drop during the pressure reduction stage.

Abstract: There is disclosed an oxygen heater, which uses a part of supplied oxygen as auxiliary combustion oxygen, a hot oxygen lance and a pulverized solid fuel burner, both having oxygen heaters. The oxygen heater (1) has a combustion chamber (4) for both mixing and burning fuel with the part of the supplied oxygen. An oxygen-jetting opening (8) is disposed around the combustion chamber. The oxygen jetted out of the opening forms a gas curtain between an internal wall (2) and a flame (10) produced in the combustion chamber, and is heated by the flame. Both the oxygen lance and the burner includes the above-mentioned oxygen heater.

Abstract: A fuel metering device of simple design is provided, utilizing a unique cing air supply mechanism for cooling the feul supply spraybar and fuel metering valve of an aircraft or afterburner, such a mechanism also functioning as a piston position control agent, which in turn controls the fuel supply rate of fuel injected into the combustor. The spraybar is filled with fuel under pressure at all times, and a leaky sleeve prevents potential coking fuel due to the high combustor temperatures. Additionally, the piston for actuating the fuel metering valve requires no gasket, as cooling air is passed about its periphery, and a pair of cooling air supply valves control the pressure differential across the opposite faces of the piston to in turn selectively position the pintle of the fuel injection valve to change the flow rate of fuel into the combustor.

Abstract: An oxygen injector assembly for directing substantially pure oxygen into the path of an effluent or exhaust stream from a primary reformer process for mixing of the oxygen with the effluent, the assembly comprising an oxygen delivery tube for discharging the oxygen into the path of the effluent, and a cooling jacket disposed around the outer periphery of the delivery tube for moderation of the ambient temperature conditions surrounding the oxygen injector assembly and thus compensating for the increased temperature conditions created by the mixing of the oxygen with the effluent in lieu of mixing air therewith.

Abstract: A burner system comprising a central hearth tube defining a combustion chamber for a mixture of gas and air and made from thermomechanical ceramic, a tubular element comprising at its end located towards the gas outlet a radial restriction forming an axial and radial positioning stop for the hearth tube whereas the assembly of the latter to the other component parts of the burner is effected by a spring adapted to produce an axial pressure force under the impact of which the hearth tube is bearing upon said stop through a radial shoulder provided in its reduced portion, the burner providing a high velocity of outflow of the burnt gases.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel wherein coal, e.g., finely divided coal, is supplied to a reactor space via a central channel disposed along the longitudinal axis of the burner, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied via an annular channel surrounding said central channel, and heat from the combustion is removed from the hollow front face of the burner by coolant flowed through said front face spirally about the longitudinal axis of the burner.

Abstract: A tuyere for a blast furnace comprises water-cooled tuyere; and a burner removably mounted inside the water-cooled tuyere to burning pulverize coal. The burner comprises an inner pipe, an intermediate pipe and an outer pipe which are concentrically arranged. The inside of the inner pipe is used for a pulverized coal path, an oxygen feed path being in between the inner pipe and the intermediate pipe and a flame temperature control gas feed path in between the intermediate pipe and the outer pipe. The burner is equipped with a water-cooled jacket outside of the top end of the burner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel wherein coal, e.g., finely divided coal, is supplied to a reactor space via a central channel disposed along the longitudinal axis of the burner, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied via two annular channels surrounding said central channel, and heat from the combustion is removed from the hollow front face of the burner by coolant flowed through said front face spirally about the longitudinal axis of the burner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for feeding gases, aerosols and/or mixtures of gases and solids into the combustion of a steam boiler or other combustion chambers using heat, and a process for diminishing pollutants, which are formed when burning gases, aerosols and/or mixtures of gases and solids in steam boilers or other combustion chambers using heat.

Abstract: A burner and method is disclosed in which a first oxidizing gas containing a high oxygen concentration is injected as a stream into the central zone of combustion tunnel, and part of the fuel is injected into said central pyrolysis zone to mix with said first oxidizing gas to create a highly luminous, high temperature flame core containing microparticles of carbon of the proper size for maximum luminosity and high temperature, and a relatively small amount of hydrocarbon radicals. In addition, the remaining part of the fuel is injected in a plurality of streams about said flame core to mix with a second oxidizing gas containing a lower oxygen concentration than the first oxidizing gas and injecting said second oxidizing mixture about said flame core and said remaining fuel flow to mix with said remaining fuel flow. This creates a plurality of fuel lean flames which are directed toward said luminous flame core to form a final flame pattern having high temperature, high luminosity and low NO.sub.x content.

Abstract: In a burner, particularly for use in a drum of a combustion furnace or incinerator for flowable, pump-deliverable waste materials, a lance is provided for introducing the fuel and a nozzle is placed on the end thereof. The lance can be surrounded by a first uncooled lining, which essentially comprises two tubular, coaxial jacket parts. The first lining is surrounded by a second lining, which once again comprises two jacket parts. The combustion air for the additional fuels in the incinerator (e.g. barrels, etc.) is introduced into the incinerator between the two linings, while the burner air enters in the vicinity of the nozzle in the first lining between the two jacket parts. Thus, important media for the actual combustion process can be directly introduced to the burning point within the incinerator via the burner.

Abstract: A burner 10 for the edge heating of strip metal travelling between a furnace and a rolling mill comprises a body 12 having two chambers 16, 18 separated by a dividing wall 14. A multiplicity of square tubes 24 connect the first chamber 16 with an upper surface 26. The tubes 24 project through the second chamber and are located in corresponding circular holes 30 such that a gap is provided around the tube. The first chamber 16 has gas inlets 20, provided with baffles to ensure dispersion of the gas within the chamber 16, and the second chamber 18 is provided with oxygen inlets 28. Thus a gas entering the first chamber 16 via the inlet 20 and leaving through the tubes 24 mixes with the oxygen on the upper surface 26, the oxygen leaving the body 12 via the holes 30. A cooling jacket 34 supplied with cold water acts as a barrier to increase flame stability and cool the burner which can heat up due to back radiation from the surface to be heated.

Abstract: A multi-outlet burner for heating material. Nozzles are positioned along a longitudinally extending portion of the burner that generally parallels the material surface. Combustion gas and fuel are combined at each nozzle to produce a plurality of flames that are directed in a sweeping direction over the surface.

Abstract: A burner for operating in a high temperature and high pressure atmosphere such as in a fuel burning gasifier, requires a high degree of cooling such as by water circulation through the burner. In the event of physical breakage or damage to the normal cooling system, means is provided for introducing a higher pressure coolant into the system. The latter fills the system, both upstream and downstream of the cooling coil, to permit progressive discontinuance of the burner operation without substantial damage. It further avoids the backflow of gas from the high pressure gasifier which would otherwise be discharged to flow back through the cooling system and be discharged into the atmosphere thereby creating a dangerous as well as a harmful environment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a carbonaceous fuel, wherein e.g. coal and oxygen are supplied to a reactor space and heat from the combustion is transferred from the burner face by means of a heat pipe to a fluid cooled section of the burner.

Abstract: A spray gun comprises a nozzle defining an elongated, axially extending spray channel, a coaxial inlet leading thereto and having a flow-accelerating contour, and a coaxial combustion chamber leading to the inlet, the combustion chamber having a diameter larger than that of the spray channel. A nozzle head is displaceably mounted in the combustion chamber and is axially adjustable with respect to the inlet, the nozzle head feeding the fusible material into the combustion chamber and carrying a burner nozzle and respective conduits feeding a combustion gas and a spray channel flushing gas into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A multi-outlet burner for heating material. Nozzles are positioned along a longitudinally extending portion of the burner that generally parallels the material surface. Combustion gas and fuel are combined at each nozzle to produce a plurality of flames that are directed in a sweeping direction over the surface.

Abstract: The temperature of a burner in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator is controlled so that there is substantially no condensation of H.sub.2 O from the hot raw product gas on the surface of the burner. Burner corrosion is thereby reduced. In the method, burner coolant is introduced into the burner at a pressure greater than that in the reaction zone and at a temperature in the range of about 5.degree. to 50.degree. F. higher than the dew point of the raw product gas contacting the burner in the reaction zone. The heated water coolant leaving the burner flows to a pressurized receiving vessel and its temperature is reduced by expansion into a feed vessel. Saturated steam is produced from a portion of the flashed water and is separated in the feed vessel for use as a heat source. Steam condensate is thereby produced and recycled to the feed vessel as make-up. The cooled liquid water coolant is then pumped into the inlet to the burner at a higher pressure than that in the feed vessel.