Abstract: A burner having feed ducts for homogeneous or heterogeneous reactants and a burner cooling chamber placed peripherally in the area of a burner head, the burner including, coolant feed and discharge ducts in communication with the burner cooling chamber, a burner lance positionable in a recess in the burner cooling chamber, and a lance for accommodating the feed of the reactants as far as the burner orifice wherein the burner cooling chamber extends over the burner orifice in a downstream direction, starting from a downstream side of the burner orifice, and tapers conically to a smaller cross section so as to form a truncated conical burner prechamber, open on a downstream side thereof.

Abstract: In a combustion zone a fuel injector is immersed in a mixture of oxidant and products of combustion having a temperature of about 2000 degrees F. or higher. In order to maintain rapid and stable combustion, it is desirable to avoid excessive absorption of thermal energy from this mixture. To that end, the present invention provides means for impeding transfer of heat to the fuel injector from the adjacent mixture, such that portions of the mixture immediately adjacent the fuel injector may be kept at a temperature of approximately the ash-fusion temperature of the fuel, or higher, while the interior of the fuel injector is kept at a temperature substantially below the ash-fusion temperature. This means for impeding heat transfer preferably comprises at least one material having a thermal conductivity substantially lower than that of the fuel injector and, in a preferred embodiment, consists essentially of slag formed from noncombustible-mineral constituents of the fuel.

Abstract: A combustion chamber (1; 101), is surrounded by a heater (4; 104), by means of which a constant temperature in the order of 850.degree. C. can be maintained in the chamber (1; 101). The chamber (1; 101) has arranged therein devices (17, 18, 117) which, when the arrangement is in operation, partly obstruct the passage of gas through the chamber. The waste gases to be treated are introduced into the chamber (1; 101) through an inlet (2; 102) and the treated, residual waste gas is discharged from the chamber through an outlet (3; 103). The arrangement also includes a supply line (14,15,16, 114,115) for supplying pre-heated reaction medium to the interior of the chamber (1; 101).

Abstract: A burner for gaseous or liquid fuel for heating furnaces includes a ceramic combustion chamber (20) for incomplete combustion of the fuel with primary air from which hot gases exit at high velocity through a constricted outlet (24). The combustion chamber is surrounded by a chamber (42) for the preheated remainder air necessary to complete combustion. Out of this chamber high velocity jets of air issue through nozzle openings encircling the combustion chamber outlet. Energy is saved and simple construction maintained by providing a tubular heat recuperator (4, 7, 9) rearwardly of the combustion chamber in which a cylindrical wall of temperature resistant steel passes to separate the recuperator into two annular chambers (10,11) and extends forward over a large part of the axial length of the combustion chamber so as to form an outer boundary of the remainder air chamber.

Abstract: A high velocity oxygen fuel burner (10) includes a combustor assembly (11) mounted in a graphite block (12), with the burner mounted in a water jacket (18) of a furnace. The combustor assembly includes a combustion chamber (48) that receives a stream of oxygen along its center axis (51). The fuel moves from fuel barrel (32) through fuel passages (50), with a portion of the fuel being diverted into the combustion chamber (48) by the annular fuel diverter ring (52) and with the rest of the fuel moving on through the fuel extension passages (50b) and through nozzle ring (34). The nozzle ring directs the fuel into the flame as it emerges from the combustion chamber, so that the fuel from the nozzle has a cooling effect at the exposed end of the burner and tends to develop the flame in an annular ring about the stream of high velocity oxygen that is directed toward the work product in the furnace.

Abstract: A steam generator for producing steam in a confined space such that it can be positioned in a borehole for use in secondary and tertiary recovery of hydrocarbons. Fuel is injected axially into a combustion chamber having a reduced orifice in the bottom thereof and oxygen is introduced tangentially from a plurality of ports in the top of the combustion chamber to create a stable vortex flame. A portion of the walls of the combustion chamber are formed from a porous, sintered stainless steel cylinder through which water is pumped to cool the walls of the chamber and to form steam. The combustion products are mixed with a water mist in a steam generating section to form steam.

Abstract: This burner is so designed as to be capable of operating in a stable manner with no risk of explosion with pure oxygen or air highly enriched with oxygen as the reactant. In one embodiment, a stream of oxygen is delivered through a central tube 4A which terminates in a divergent annular diffuser 30. A mixture of air and pulverized coal is delivered in an intermediate ring 15 around this diffuser and an annular stream of whirling oxygen is delivered in an outer ring 16. Application in indirect heating furnaces, furnaces in which slag exists and cement-making furnaces and in cases where special atmospheres (for example reducing atmospheres) are desired.

Abstract: A method for reducing nitric oxide emissions from a gaseous fuel combustor includes introducing a combustion gas containing nitrogen and oxygen, such as air, into a combustion chamber and introducing a fuel gas into the same chamber. A cooling gas, such as steam, is interleaved between the combustion gas and the fuel gas substantially at the point where they are introduced into the chamber. The concentration of cooling gas in the flame front is maximized by this method, resulting in a lower temperature for the flame front and, correspondingly, lower production of nitric oxide emissions. Apparatus for carrying out the invention includes a combustion chamber, a body having a channel through which combustion gas can be introduced into the combustion chamber, a fuel gas nozzle for introducing fuel gas into the combustion chamber, and an orifice around the nozzle for interleaving cooling gas between the fuel gas and the combustion gas.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for a smelting furnace comprising a burner body having a tip insertable into and withdrawable from a burner inserting bore in the wall of the furnace, a seal bar insertable into and withdrawable from the bore for closing the bore, shifting means for alternatively positioning the tip or the seal bar in alignment with the bore, and means for driving the tip and the seal bar into and out of the bore. When the burner is not used for auxiliary combustion, the seal bar is inserted into the bore to prevent the bore and the burner nozzles from clogging with splashes of molten metal and slag.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for introducing auxilliary heat into a furnace, particularly for metallurgical heating and melting.The apparatus includes a gland which fits into a wall of a furnace, a drum-like device which fits into a mating opening in the gland, a burner sleeve in the drum for receiving a burner such as an oxy-fuel burner and directing the burner flame into the interior of the furnace. The drum and the integral burner are rotatable about an axis. Rotation of the drum moves the burner into the operative position or into the standby position clear of the furnace. Provision is made for oscillating the drum and burner during the heating operation.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel burner of the rocket burner type includes a graphite burner block for direct exposure to the interior of a furnace, and a cylindrical combustion chamber formed through the hot face of the burner block and extending into the burner block. An oxygen supply conduit delivers oxygen to the combustion chamber along the center line of the combustion chamber and fuel supply ducts deliver fuel to the combustion chamber at the concave surface of the combustion chamber. A plurality of rectilinear cooling bores extend into the burner block and are arranged in a parallel array about the combustion chamber. A liquid coolant header moves cooling liquid through a plurality of parallel supply tubes which are telescopically received within the cooling bores, thereby maintaining the burner block at a reduced temperature. The nozzle that supplies the oxygen to the combustion chamber is movable along the length of the combustion chamber so as to change the shape of the flame emitted from the burner.

Abstract: This process enables the recovery of mercury from waste containing plastic material, e.g. batteries. The waste is slowly heated while an inert gas is being introduced in a vacuum for fractionating extraction of the products of the decomposition of the plastic. The waste gases must pass through an afterburner chamber incorporating a specially shaped burner where the plastic vapors are fully combusted. The waste gases are conducted from the afterburner chamber through a cooling trap and then through a cold trap in which the mercury is condensed and can be drained off. The final stage of the process is carried out in a pulsating vacuum by the inert gas.The device in which the process takes place consists of a heated heat isolated treatment chamber (2), an afterburner chamber (6), a cooling trap (7), a cold trap (18) and a vacuum pump (23, 24) connected with pipelines (5, 12, 21).

Abstract: A burner block for an industrial furnace is resiliently seated in a hollow annular member, the latter being made of a metal such as stainless steel and the burner block being made of a refractory material. Because of the resilient mounting, the burner block is seated firmly in the annular member even though these two parts have different rates of thermal expansion. In addition, a cooling fluid is circulated within the interior of the annular member to cool the latter so that the furnace may operate at a temperature which is well above the temperature at which the annular member loses its structural integrity. All of this permits the burner block assembly to be mounted effectively on the metal outer shell of the furnace without relying upon the refractory lining of the furnace for support.

Abstract: A burner for smelting metal-bearing sulfide ores or concentrates by means of an oxygen-rich gas is disclosed. The oxygen-rich gas is introduced into a chamber so as to aspirate or eject the metal-bearing sulfide ore or concentrate. The oxygen-rich gas and sulfide concentrate are intimately admixed in a cylindrical mixing chamber and then jetted into the heated atmosphere of a smelting furnace.

Abstract: An improved burner for injecting fuel into the passages for heated combustion air connecting the checkers with the ports of a regenerative-type glass melting furnace. The ports are positioned somewhat above the level of the molten glass contained in the melting tank of the furnace. The burner comprises an elongated tubular structure having an angled tip portion for emitting fuel such as natural gas, which gas ignites in the presence of the heated combustion air and creates flames directed from the ports across the melting tank and slightly downwardly toward the surface of the glass. The angled tip portion is cooled by the flow of a heat absorbing medium such as water directed therearound, and is shaped in a manner to avoid the occurrence of stagnant areas in the tip portion so as to extend the life of the burner.

Abstract: In order to permit operation with preheating of the combustion-supporting air to 50 or preferably 65 percent or more of the oven temperature, the air is fed to a ceramic burner tube through an annular nozzle directing it in an annular jet along the interior walls of the burner tube. For a burner of low back pressure having no restriction at the mouth of the ceramic burner tube, the ceramic burner tube fits over the end of the outer member of the annular nozzle and some of the combustion product gas, flowing from the oven into the burner structure for countercurrent of the preheating of the air supply, is sucked into the underpressure zone between the annular air jet and the inner wall of the burner tube through a small annular gap where the burner tube fits on the air-supply nozzle.

Abstract: A burner tip for passing fuel into a glass melting chamber having a fuel passageway and discrete cooling fluid passageways therein for cooling and shielding the burner tip from attack by a hostile gaseous chamber environment. A ceramic collar member is provided for minimizing inspirated air and cooling fluid may be passed through the burner tip during both the firing cycle and off-firing cycle. The burner tip is provided with small diameter cooling fluid passageways to establish a low volume, high velocity flow of cooling fluid sufficient to shield the burner tip from sting-out attack.

Abstract: A burner nozzle for solvent refined coal (SRC) is disclosed having means for removing heat which is adequate to maintain the exterior temperature of the burner nozzle below the level at which deposition of SRC residue has been observed. A specific embodiment comprises a water jacket about a tubular nozzle, the fuel outlet end being tapered to an edge at the fuel outlet end. The water jacket is provided with circumferential channels for circulating cooling fluid in a circuitous path around the nozzle. The channels are sized so that maximum flow velocity, and therefore maximum convective heat transfer, is maintained at the tapered edge.

Abstract: A flash smelting burner is provided which consists of an assembly of feed pipes for solids and gas, which discharge into a mixing tunnel, the feed pipes being concentric at the point of discharge so that gas is fed into the mixing tunnel from an annular opening between the feed pipes, the solids feed pipe having a bend therein and being provided with apertures which enable a small proportion of the gas stream to enter the solids feed pipe at the bent region thereof.

Abstract: An intermittent top firing tunnel kiln equipped with a burner having a ceramic air nozzle, in which an air nozzle assembly is mounted to a wind box adjacent to the burner tile through a burner support tile, said assembly being constructed by a metallic air supply pipe supported by a metal fixture at the ceiling portion of the kiln and being connected at the tip of said pipe to the ceramic air nozzle, and in which an oil nozzle is disengagably provided at the center in said air nozzle assembly, whereby the secondary air for combustion is supplied to said wind box through the walls of the kiln.

Abstract: A self recuperative burner which can be fired with oil or gaseous fuel or both. The oil feed pipe is surrounded by a passage through which compressed air or fuel gas is conveyed to the burner head in such a way that it reduces the tendency for the oil to overheat. Additional cooling means are provided for the oil feed pipe. The burner has a burner head which is supported by a tubular part carried by a common wall between the combustion air supply passage and the combustion products exhaust passage, there being a sliding joint between the burner head and the tubular part which provides a circumferential series of arcuate gaps around the periphery of the burner head for the flow of combustion air between the burner head and the tubular part. The burner has an exhaust flue which is surrounded by a tubular part in which the combustion air inlet port is formed, the flue being cooled by incoming combustion air.

Abstract: An apparatus and method whereby fuel is burned in serially connected furnaces under controlled combustion temperature and airflow conditions so as to inhibit the formation of nitric oxides while achieving complete combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: A shell gas burner is provided to preheat a kiln wherein the burner can be also used for process axial air and has provisions for retracting the burner for protection from high heat source or extending the burner for ease of replacement.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of an inert gas wherein liquid of gaseous hydrocarbons are burnt within a combustion chamber with air, possibly with the admixture of a gaseous atomizing agent, especially steam, inert gas or air, whereby a first shock-like cooling is performed, which is followed by a second cooling step and a scrubbing with water or an aqueous solution of a temperature in the vicinity of the freezing point, and the gas treatment is finished with an adsorption drying.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oil burner system for burning residual type fuel oils in a high temperature combustion zone or chamber, which includes a method and apparatus for operating the system to maintain the fuel oil at a low viscosity while preventing thermal failure by destruction of the burner which protrudes into the combustion zone or chamber. The fuel oil is preheated and introduced into an oil tube extending through a high temperature furnace wall into the combustion zone or chamber, and also a heated fluid is introduced into the oil tube for passage therethrough with the fuel oil, while the outer periphery of the oil tube is cooled where it passes through the furnace wall and into the high temperature combustion zone or chamber, as well as fabricating the oil tube from a material having a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Abstract: Fuel is burned in a primary combustion chamber with less than the air required for stoichiometric combustion so that the combustion gases have a high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon content and the temperature of the gases is held below that at which significant nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) would be produced. The combustion gases are then passed through a secondary combustion zone in which more air is injected into the gas stream to oxidize the CO and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide (CO.sub. 2). The secondary burner comprises a plurality of foraminous tubes through which secondary air is emitted. Combustion in the secondary zone is maintained at a temperature below that at which nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) will be produced in significant quantities.

Abstract: A power plant for producing heat. A frame is rotatably mounted within a container with an inertia wheel mounted to and rotatable with the frame. A fuel storage tank mounted within the frame is connected between and to an external source of fuel and a plurality of fuel injectors mounted to the inertia wheel. Cooling means within the container cover the frame and at least a portion of the inertia wheel with a combustion chamber provided within the container above the cooling means. Igniting means mounted to the container projects into the combustion chamber and is operable to ignite fuel intermittently injected into the combustion chamber by the injectors mounted to the inertia wheel. Pumping means provided on the frame is operable to pump fuel from the storage tank to the injectors in a timed relationship to the position of the injectors relative to the cooling means and combustion chamber. Heat is withdrawn from the container resulting from the combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: After a combustion chamber is filled with a combustion mixture of gases, channels extending upward from the valves for admitting the gas components of the mixture to a gas inlet bore are flooded with a quantity of water injected through an additional valve by a hydraulically driven piston. After the hydraulic pressure behind the piston is turned off, the water chamber in front of the piston is refilled by the inflow of water at water line pressure, which is not sufficiently high enough in pressure to reopen the water outlet valve until the piston is again driven.

Abstract: High-pressure gas generating apparatus includes a combustion chamber and a water jacket surrounding the combustion chamber. A metal fuel injecting nozzle is disposed in the center of one end of the combustion chamber. The water in the jacket is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of a swirling stream around the fuel injected from the nozzle.

Abstract: A hot gas engine including an injector for introducing a mixture of air and fuel into the combustion chamber to heat the working medium which is circulated in a system of ducts. Fresh air for the combustion of the fuel is preheated in a heat exchanger by exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and conducted to the fuel injector. A heating system for passing a heat exchange fluid to a space to be heated surrounds the combustion chamber, and the heat exchange fluid is thus heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A research burner having a water-cooled hemispherical head provided with a urved upper surface adapted as a seat for a flame which is surrounded by a shroud of inert gas. The burner provides for optical access to the various zones of the flame under study for both temperature and concentration of species in a compatible mixture.