Abstract: A system for heating conveyors which extend outside a wash tunnel of a carwash utilizes concrete structural slabs with heating apparatus embedded in the slab near a top surface and supported adjacent the conveyor. The heating apparatus can be a hydronic system or an electric heating mat embedded in the slabs which prevents water on the slabs or the conveyor from freezing in low ambient temperature conditions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for burning a fuel by means of at least one a burner, each burner comprising two half-assemblies (1, 1?) comprising each at least one fuel injecting means (2) associated with a primary oxidant injecting means (3), and at least one secondary oxidant injecting means (4), a first oxidant jet being injected at a first distance from the fuel by the primary injecting means so as to generate a first incomplete combustion, and a second oxidant jet being injected at a second distance (L1), greater than the first distance, from the fuel injecting means so as to generate a second combustion with the remaining fuel of the first incomplete combustion. Said method is characterized in that each half-assembly delivers a combustion power different from the one delivered by the other half-assembly.

Abstract: A method for providing uniform heat distribution within a furnace as well as decreasing the amount of NOx in the combustion products, when operating an industrial furnace having at least one conventional burner using air as the oxidant. At least one lance is connected with the furnace, and an oxidant including oxygen gas is flowed into the furnace through the lance to impinge against a flame issuing from the burner at a certain impingement point. The amount of oxygen supplied by the air supply to the burner together with the amount of oxidant issuing from the lance corresponds with the stoichiometric amount for a fuel supplied to the burner. At least 50% of the supplied oxygen for combustion is supplied through the lancing of oxidant, and the oxidant is flowed into the furnace through the lance at a velocity of at least 200 m/s.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for providing controlled heat to a process utilizing a flameless distributed combustion.

Abstract: A tangential fired boiler has a circumferential wall defining a combustion zone and a plurality of fuel inlets disposed along the circumferential wall. The plurality of fuel inlets inject fuel at non-uniform rates in order to produce localized fuel rich, oxygen poor zones and fuel lean, oxygen rich zones within the combustion zone, and to cause ambient boiler gases to be entrained into and mix with the oxygen poor zone to achieve fuel staging of the boiler.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for providing controlled heat to a process utilizing a flameless distributed combustion.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combusting a fuel with an oxidant are described, the apparatus comprising a ceramic burner block, the burner block having a back face and a front face. The burner block has at least one oxidant cavity in an upper portion of the burner block, and at least one fuel cavity in a lower portion of the burner block, each cavity extending from the back face to the front face. The at least one oxidant cavity has positioned therein a fuel supply conduit, the fuel supply conduit having a fuel supply conduit exit positioned a sufficient distance from the front face to allow combustion of at least a portion of fuel exiting the fuel supply conduit exit with at least some of the oxidant traversing the oxidant cavity, and the least one fuel cavity having connected thereto, near the back face, an oxidant conduit, thereby allowing mixing of a minor portion of the oxidant with the fuel.

Abstract: A low NOx and CO emission heating apparatus provides for substantially separate fuel and combustion air feeds into a combustion chamber provided at one end with an exhaust gas opening and, at an opposite end with an elongated porous air distributor through which air is fed into the combustion chamber and into jets of fuel directed into the space between the air distributor and the side wall of the combustion chamber. Both air and fuel may be subjected to swirl to improve the combustion, by adjusting the inclination of the fuel nozzles.

Abstract: A fluid-fuel burner of the type producing a flame with axial development, which includes a combustion tile, having a broad shape, provided with an oxidizer and fuel injection orifices. These are approximately parallel to the major axis of symmetry of the tile, the internal shape of the latter as well as the orientation of the fuel and oxidizer injection orifices being chosen so as to create a difference in the distribution of the combustion products and of the recycled flue gases. A spread out flame is produced which ensures homogeneous distribution of the heat flux.

Abstract: There exists a tendency in the construction of combustion devices to employ a multi-level, spatially distributed feed of the combustion air in order to be able to better influence the stoichiometric ratios during the combustion. These solutions are little suited for the compact construction and, in addition, the flame temperature is too high in the region of the air feed relative to a low NOx combustion if one does not employ expensive constructions with additional cooling bodies.

Abstract: The present invention combines the gasoline vapor recovery efficiency advantages of a Hirt “Partial Seal System”, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,004 to Hirt, with the customer convenience advantages of gasoline vapor recovery systems employing “bootless” nozzles. The use of bootless nozzles in combination with strict environmental vapor emissions compliance is made possible because of specific system advantages, which include the use of a burner designed to operate at two different flow rates, a coaxial processor stack which permits second and third stage combustion of excess gasoline vapor generated by the system before it is released to atmosphere, and a remote sensor which continually monitors system vacuum pressure to ensure that a sufficient vacuum is maintained at all times.

Abstract: A process for burning fuel which is formed of free hydrocarbons and/or fine-grained to dusty solid fuels, with a view to obtaining thorough mixing of the oxygen with the fuel in a manner as free of turbulences as possible, is characterized in that, into a main jet of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas which is approximately cylindrical or slightly conically widening in the jet direction, several fuel jets oriented in a skew manner relative to the central longitudinal axis of the main jet are blown, which fuel jets are formed to surround the main jet peripherally, penetrate into the main jet and are sucked into the main jet.

Abstract: A combustion method in which a coal/primary air mixture is discharged from burners located in the corners of the furnace towards an imaginary circle disposed in the center of the furnace. Air is discharged from air nozzles also located in the corners of the furnace in two flow streams--one directed towards the center of the furnace in a combustion-supporting relation to the fuel, and the other along the inner surfaces of the furnace boundary walls to maintain an oxidizing atmosphere and minimize corrosion and slagging.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets-, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: The gas cooking assembly of the invention includes at least one gas-fired burner which has a burner chamber and a burner plate, especially a burner plate made of fiber material, the gas-fired burner being arranged below a continuous cooking plate made of a material conductive to heat radiation such as a glass ceramic, glass, ceramic or the like material. Control units are provided for metering gas as well as conventional ignition units, safety units and temperature-monitoring units. Exhaust-gas channels conduct away combustion gases. A blower brings additional air to the burner plate. The blower and control unit are located in a partitioned-off space wherein an overpressure is maintained by the blower. The partitioned-off space is connected via pipes to the burner chamber and to the ambient. The pipes are gas tight at their peripheral surfaces in the region outside of said partitioned-off space.

Abstract: This invention relates to a combustion chamber and a method for burning waste material, such as waste oil, hazardous chemicals, and municipal garbage or trash, in a manner which generates very little smoke, particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, or potentially hazardous fumes in the exhaust gases. The combustion chamber is enclosed within an outer wall which provides an inlet for air, fuel, and burnable waste material, and an outlet for exhaust gases. Enclosed within the outer wall is an annular wall, which divides the chamber into a central burning region inside the annular wall, and an annular space between the outer wall and the annular wall. The central burning region contains a primary burning zone, while the annulus space carries a portion of the inlet air along the length of the chamber.

Abstract: A combustion chamber arrangement for gas turbine propulsion units with a flame tube of ceramic material which is surrounded by a metallic wall while leaving free an intermediate space; the flame tube is composed of ring-shaped parts whereby sheet metal mounting members are so arranged between the outer walls of which and the metallic walls, especially of a housing without heat contact to the parts of the flame tube that a first and a second intermediate space for peripheral partial flows of cooling air is formed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for high temperature heating, melting, refining and superheating of materials, such a steel scrap, metals, ceramics or glass. The invention provides an economizing method of hydrocarbon fluid fuel combustion in an ongoing flame in a liquid cooled combustion chamber by separately supplying streams of fuel and at least two oxidizing gases wherein a first oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel, and a second oxidizing gas is directed about the flame core to further react with the fuel, while controlling the flow of the fuel, the oxidizing gases and cooling liquid to provide the required heat input, combustion product chemistry, temperature, velocity, emissivity and combustion block temperature. Also disclosed are burners for carrying out the invention.

Abstract: A combustion process for reducing nitrogen oxides in combustors is proposed wherein combustion takes place successively forming an incomplete combustion zone, a reducing combustion zone, and a complete combustion zone, respectively corresponding to primary burners, secondary burners and air ports or after-burners, successively arranged in the direction of gas stream in a furnace. According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce nitrogen oxides by improving a manner of combustion without providing any denitrating apparatuses for exhaust gas.

Abstract: A method of scrubbing reaction products resulting from flame burning of fuels containing impurities such as sulfur compounds, chlorine compounds, and fluorine compounds. The scrubbing is accomplished by the addition to the fire chamber of additives which bind the impurities. The additives are supplied to the burner flame by way of a gaseous and/or liquid carrier medium flow, accompanied by the formation of a veil surrounding the burner flame.

Abstract: In order to burn a fuel of low ignition properties and low contents of volatile gases in steam generators: the combustion air is introduced in three batches at three successive places into the firebox. Preferably, the primary air is introduced at a temperature of at least about 500.degree., preferably between 500.degree. and 600.degree. C. so as to effect a pregasification of the fuel. The secondary air is then introduced at a temperature of about 350.degree. to 400.degree. C. to start the combustion of the pregasified fuel and the tertiary air is finally introduced at a temperature of only about 250.degree. to 300.degree. C. in order to complete the combustion. This temperature differentiation of heat ranges then will permit to withdraw theash as a dry discharge.

Abstract: In an oil fired boiler (with a combustion chamber and a burner which blows a flame into it) there is a J-shaped heat-exchange duct, built on the combustion chamber floor out of thermally ultra-conductive and non-corroding pipes and fittings. Because of the extreme rigidity and brittleness of these, our structure is designed with masonry-like constraints on duct layout: Must rest on floor--never two attachments to anything--must not rely wholly on cement for stability.The J-duct becomes hot from the radiation in combustion chamber. It serves to heat secondary air and delivers it at suitable discharge regions from which it will join the base of the entering flame.The tip of J's long leg is outside chamber and gets secondary air from blower. This leg extends into chamber through its front wall then, curving around, its short leg extends forward and ends at location next to front wall's hot face.

Abstract: A burner for hydrocarbon fuel, such as waste lubricating oil for internal combustion engines and the like, has a fuel line terminating in a discharge nozzle and connected to a source of the fuel. Arranged within the fuel line and terminating in a discharge outlet disposed substantially adjacent the discharge nozzle is a gas line connected to a source of a gas under pressure. The gas lifts and atomizes the fuel and causes same to discharge from the nozzle and into a combustion chamber. The latter is preferably formed by a burner can provided with one or more apertures in a sidewall thereof, and having a baffle disposed spaced from, but adjacent to, the discharge nozzle, which is disposed just inside the combustion chamber, for avoiding carbon buildup on the end of the nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus and method whereby fuel is burned in serially connected furnaces under controlled combustion temperature and airflow conditions so as to inhibit the formation of nitric oxides while achieving complete combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: Fuel is burned in a primary combustion chamber with less than the air required for stoichiometric combustion so that the combustion gases have a high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon content and the temperature of the gases is held below that at which significant nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.2) would be produced. The combustion gases are then passed through a secondary combustion zone in which more air is injected into the gas stream to oxidize the CO and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2). The secondary burner comprises a plurality of foraminous tubes through which secondary air is emitted. Combustion in the secondary zone is maintained at a temperature below that at which nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) will be produced in significant quantities.

Abstract: Fuel is burned in a primary combustion chamber with less than the air required for stoichiometric combustion so that the combustion gases have a high carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon content and the temperature of the gases is held below that at which significant nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) would be produced. The combustion gases are then passed through a secondary combustion zone in which more air is injected into the gas stream to oxidize the CO and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide (CO.sub. 2). The secondary burner comprises a plurality of foraminous tubes through which secondary air is emitted. Combustion in the secondary zone is maintained at a temperature below that at which nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) will be produced in significant quantities.

Abstract: New combustors, and methods of operating same, which produce lower emissions, particularly lower emissions of nitrogen oxides and CO, are provided. A first stream of air is introduced, either radially or axially, to a first combustion region of the combustor. A second stream of air is introduced tangentially into said first combustion region. A third stream of air is introduced tangentially into a second combustion region of the combustor. The amount of said first stream of air admitted to the first combustion region is varied in accordance with the fuel flow to said first combustion region.

Abstract: A furnace and method of making the same are provided. The furnace has an integral poured refractory concrete combustion chamber wall having embedded therein a tertiary air supply system for supplying air around the burning fuels and air mixtures emitted from the burner. The tertiary air is introduced at positions spaced along the length of the combustion chamber.The combustion chamber wall is produced by positioning manifolds and multiple air supply tubes spaced along the wall length with the tubes directed inwardly toward the flame and around it, but stoppng short of the inner surface of the poured concrete wall. Removable plugs or screws are inserted into the open tube ends and extend the tube ends to the position of the proposed inner surface of the wall.Forms are provided for pouring the refractory concrete to form the wall. The outer form can be a steel plate or sheet or the like of relatively rigid structure.