Abstract: A combustion method in which a coal/primary air mixture is discharged from burners located in the corners of the furnace towards an imaginary circle disposed in the center of the furnace. Air is discharged from air nozzles also located in the corners of the furnace in two flow streams--one directed towards the center of the furnace in a combustion-supporting relation to the fuel, and the other along the inner surfaces of the furnace boundary walls to maintain an oxidizing atmosphere and minimize corrosion and slagging.

Abstract: A high efficiency, Vortex Inertial Staged Air (VIStA) combustor provides ultra-low NO.sub.X production of about 20 ppmvd or less with CO emissions of less than 50 ppmvd, both at 3% O.sub.2. Prompt NO.sub.X production is reduced by partially reforming the fuel in a first combustion stage to CO and H.sub.2. This is achieved in the first stage by operating with a fuel rich mixture, and by recirculating partially oxidized combustion products, with control over stoichiometry, recirculation rate and residence time. Thermal NO.sub.X production is reduced in the first stage by reducing the occurrence of high temperature combustion gas regions. This is achieved by providing the first stage burner with a thoroughly pre-mixed fuel/oxidant composition, and by recirculating part of the combustion products to further mix the gases and provide a more uniform temperature in the first stage. In a second stage combustor thermal NO.sub.

Abstract: In a method for operating a corner burner of a tangential burner system, at least a first air stream of coal dust and primary air is tangentially introduced to a imaginary horizontal circle in the combustion chamber of the tangential burner system via a nozzle of the corner burner. An additional air stream is introduced into the combustion chamber in a direction toward a chamber wall of the combustion chamber at an adjustable offset angle relative to the first air stream. The offset angle can be adjusted by providing the additional air stream as mixed air stream of at least two partial air streams of different adjustable flow velocity. A first partial air stream within the nozzle flows straight into the outlet opening of the nozzle, and the second partial air stream flows angularly into the first partial air stream upstream of the outlet opening. The nozzle has a mixing chamber arranged upstream of the outlet opening.

Abstract: A combustion chamber is provided that has a vertically oriented body with an inner surface defining an inner combustion area. A burner is disposed adjacent one end of the body so that the flame of the burner when lit will extend into the combustion area. A first annular insert is disposed in the combustion area and generally surrounds the flame of the burner. The annular insert defines a first secondary gas introduction zone for introducing secondary gases into the combustion area so that the secondary gases can be oxidized by the burner flame. The insert has an inner surface presenting at least one opening for allowing fluid communication between the introduction zone and the combustion area. A second annular insert is disposed in the combustion area below the first insert. The second insert defines a secondary gas extraction zone and a second secondary gas introduction zone located below the extraction zone. The gas extraction zone and second secondary gas introduction zone are separated by a divider plate.

Abstract: A gas mixer is provided which is especially suitable for a burner which includes a plurality of parallel supply tubes for a first gaseous reactant passing through a sealed distribution manifold through which a second reactant may be educed into each tube through an annular arrangement of orifices and admixed with the first reactant until said admixture reaches the outlet of each tube where, through ignition, an individual flamelet is formed, the multiplicity of which form a collective flame with an homogeneous ratio of reactants through the entire cross section of the flame.

Abstract: A cyclonic type combustion apparatus that may be constituted so as to jet out a premixed gas made up of a mixture of a gaseous fuel and air into a cylindrical combustion chamber, from nozzle ports provided on an inside cylinder wall, the combustion apparatus being especially adapted for heating the liquid medium in hot water heaters, smoke tube boilers, and the like. For instance, a premixed gas obtained by mixing a gaseous fuel with air is jetted out into a cylindrical combustion chamber from a nozzle port opened on its inner peripheral surface along the inner peripheral surface in its tangential direction. The combustion chamber is disposed in a storage region containing heating medium water. The peripheral wall of the combustion chamber is constituted to be a heat conductive wall which is in contact with the heating medium water. The flame formed by the premixed gas jetted out from the nozzle port is cooled by the heating medium water.

Abstract: A combustion system having a combustion chamber having a fuel inlet, a preheating chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, an air inlet for tangentially feeding combustion air to the preheating chamber, the combustion chamber having an elongate slot for tangentially admitting preheated air in circulating motion to the combustion chamber, a plasma chamber coupled to the combustion chamber having an inlet aperture for receiving combusting fuel-air plasma from the combustion chamber, and an outlet aperture for expelling combusted gas, the plasma chamber having an inverted end wall surrounding the outlet aperture operative for forming an imploding vortex in the plasma chamber.

Abstract: Heating fluid in a chamber comprising a floor or ceiling and an upwardly or downwardly extending heat receiving wall by positioning a vortex burner substantially at or above the chamber floor in proximity to the heat receiving wall, delivering fuel and air to the vortex nozzle and burning the fuel to make a combustion product, imparting a swirling flow to the combustion product while directing the swirling flow along an elongated path, jetting fuel at a location positioned adjacent the vortex burner, and burning the jet fuel, thereby forming jet flow combustion products that mix with the vortex burner combustion products, and directing the resulting hot mixture generally vertically adjacent to the heat receiving wall for transferring heat thereto.

Abstract: In a burner of the double-cone design for burning liquid (12) and gaseous fuels (16), the at least two sectional cone bodies (1, 2) overlap at least partly, the overlap angle (.delta.) increasing in the direction of flow of the burner, and the distance between the fuel injectors (15) and the air-inlet plane (21) into the burner increasing simultaneously with the increase in the overlap angle (.delta.). As a result, the air-inlet plane (21) and the fuel-injection plane (22) no longer coincide. Improved premixing of the gaseous fuel (16) with the combustion air is achieved by the invention, which leads to lower NOx emissions of the burner and to lower thermal loading of the burner front.

Abstract: A separated overfire air injection system particularly suited for use in a fossil fuel-fired steam generating power plant and more specifically to a sixpoint separated overfire air tangential firing system employed in such power plants, particularly those embodying dual-chambered furnaces. A method of operating such a fossil fuel-fired steam generating power plant equipped with the sixpoint separated overfire air injection system of the present invention is also disclosed. The separated overfire injection system in accordance with the present invention includes six SOFA windboxes strategically located about the perimeter of the dual-chambered furnace volume so as to be operative to inject separated overfire air into the furnace volume in such a manner as to engage a fireball symmetrically tangential to a circle.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning crude oil has a conduit (12) without a flow restriction orifice and which receives oil to be burned. The conduit (12) has a plurality of inclined nozzles (28) which are also arranged about the longitudinal axis of the bore (30) so as to be substantially tangential to the interior surface. A supply of high velocity air is passed through an inlet manifold (32) and inside a housing (18) surrounding the conduit (12) in the vicinity of the nozzles (28) where it passes through the nozzles (28) into the bore (30) of the conduit (12). The high velocity air breaks the fuel up into particles and pounds the particles with an angular velocity causing the particles to swirl or rotate as a fine mist in one direction about the longitudinal axis at the outlet (16).

Abstract: A combustion system having a combustion chamber having a fuel inlet, a preheating chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, an air inlet for tangentially feeding combustion air to the preheating chamber, the combustion chamber having an elongate slot for tangentially admitting preheated air in circulating motion to the combustion chamber, a plasma chamber coupled to the combustion chamber having an inlet aperture for receiving combusting fuel-air plasma from the combustion chamber, and an outlet aperture for expelling combusted gas, the plasma chamber having an inverted end wall surrounding the outlet aperture operative for forming an imploding vortex in the plasma chamber.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a novel cone burner for gaseous and/or liquid fuels which has a reduced NOx and CO emission. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the sectional cone bodies (1, 2) have a common outlet diffuser (27) at their downstream end. They have a transition region (28) to the outlet diffuser (27), in which the size of the air-inlet slots (7, 8) decreases continuously in the direction (3) of flow. The outlet diffuser (27) is designed to be circular and without air-inlet slots (7, 8).

Abstract: A combustion chamber has a vertically oriented body with an inner surface defining an inner combustion area. A burner is disposed adjacent one end of the body so that the flame of the burner when lit will extend into the combustion area. An annular insert is disposed in the combustion area and generally surrounds the flame of the burner. The annular insert defines a secondary gas introduction zone for introducing secondary gases into the combustion area so that the recycled gases can be oxidized by the burner flame. The insert has an inner surface presenting at least one opening for allowing fluid communication between the introduction zone and the combustion area. The opening is disposed tangentially to the insert inner surface to direct gases in rotational motion to define a film of gases adjacent the inner surface of the combustion chamber. The body of the chamber can include an outer shell and an inner cylindrical liner. The outer shell has a generally horizontal inwardly extending support shelf.

Abstract: An improvement of a coal firing device applied to coal gasifiers, boilers for power generation, etc. On the inner walls of a ceiling portion (4) of a firing furnace (3) and of a throat portion (2) thereabove, and of a diffuser portion (6) further thereabove, where necessary, plate-like vortex breaker(s) (1A, 1B) is/are provided. Vortex flow of gas in the vicinity of the inner wall surface around the throat portion (2) is thereby weakened and molten slag sticking on the wall surface is suppressed to be pushed up by the gas. There occurs neither staying of molten slag at the diffuser portion (6) nor scattering of slag, and blockade of furnace due to solid-phase slag does not occur.

Abstract: In a premix burner (18) having axial or radial air inflow, in which premix burner (18) the combustion air (15) flows out of a plenum (27), arranged before or around the burner (18), into the burner (18) and fuel (12, 13) is mixed with it on the way through the burner (18), a perforated component (24) having a wall thickness (s) and openings (25) of in each case a diameter (d) and at a distance (t) apart is arranged between the plenum (27) and the burner (18), which component (24) splits the combustion air (15) flowing through into small defined jets which reunite after a certain running length (l), the ratio of wall thickness (s) to the diameter (d) of the openings (25) being greater than/equal to one, and the ratio between the through-flow area of the component (24) and the possible inflow area to the burner (18) being greater than/equal to one as a function of the type of burner.

Abstract: In a burner (1) for heat generation, the inflowing air (4) is first of all directed into a hollow conical swirl generator (3) which is surrounded by a mixing tube (2). This swirl generator (3) tapers in the direction of flow in such a way that a hollow cone results therefrom. Furthermore, the swirl generator (3) has tangential openings (6, 7) in the direction of flow, which are preferably designed as ducts through which the combustion air (5) flows out of the hollow space (16) into the mixing tube (2). In the region of the tangential openings (6, 7), nozzles (12, 13) are provided through which a fuel (14) is injected into the combustion air (5) flowing past there. A fuel, whether liquid or gaseous, may be supplied by further means in operative connection with the burner (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner (1) which is operated with a lean gas (8) (LBTU gas) and comprises at least two hollow, conical partial bodies (2, 3) which are nested in one another in the direction of flow. By offsetting the longitudinal axes of symmetry (2a, 3a) relative to one another, tangential ducts (2b, 3b) are formed through which combustion air (4) flows into the conical cavity (5). Parallel to these ducts (2b, 3b) there are further ducts (6, 7), formed by dividing walls (6a, 7a), through which the-lean gas (8) likewise flows into the conical cavity (5) at a similar rate to the combustion air (4).

Abstract: In a premixing burner of the double-cone design for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas-turbine group, or a firing plant, having a high-pressure atomization nozzle (3), arranged at the cone apex, for atomizing liquid fuel, which high-pressure atomization nozzle (3) consists of a nozzle body in which at least one feed passage (24) is arranged for the liquid fuel (12) to be atomized, which can be fed at a pressure greater than 100 bar, and this feed passage (24), with or without a turbulence chamber (25) arranged in between, is connected via at least two nozzle bores (18) to the interior space (14) of the burner, the nozzle bores (18) are aligned with the zones of high air velocity in the burner, and the angle (.beta.) between the fuel-droplet spray (4) and the longitudinal axis (5) of the burner is at least as large as the cone half angle (.beta.) between the sectional cone bodies (1, 2) and the longitudinal axis (5) of the burner.

Abstract: In a burner (100) which essentially comprises at least two hollow, conical sectional bodies (101, 102) nested one inside the other in the direction of flow, the respective longitudinal symmetry axes (101b, 102b) of the sectional bodies (101, 102) run mutually offset in such a way that the adjacent walls of the sectional bodies (101, 102) form air-inlet slots (119, 120), tangential in their longitudinal extent, for a combustion-air flow (115) in the interior space (114) of the burner. The cross section of flow of these tangential air-inlet slots (119, 120) decreases in the direction of flow of the burner (100) in such a way that this has a positive effect on stabilization of the backflow zone (106) at the outlet of the burner (100).

Abstract: A premixing burner (X) which consists essentially of at least two hollow partial bodies (1, 2), which are positioned one above the other and whose center lines (1b, 2b) extend offset relative to one another in the longitudinal direction of the partial bodies (1, 2), is employed for hot gas generation, for example in a firing plant. Due to this offset, tangential inlet slots (21, 22) respectively occur through which a combustion airflow (15) flows into the internal space (14) of the premixing burner (X). Venturi mixers (32) with fuel nozzles (36), through which a fuel (31) is introduced into the combustion air (15) flowing past at this point, are arranged in the region of these tangential inlet slots (21, 22).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cyclonic combustion with ultra-low pollutant emissions and high efficiency wherein a fuel and primary combustion air mixture is tangentially injected into a reducing primary combustion zone of a cyclonic combustor. The primary combustion air is injected into the reducing primary combustion zone in an amount equal to between about 30% and about 90% of a stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel. Secondary combustion air is tangentially injected into an oxidizing secondary combustion zone of the cyclonic combustor, in an amount equal to between about 10% and about 90% of the stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel. Primary combustion products from the reducing primary combustion zone are mixed with the tangentially injected secondary air for completing combustion within the oxidizing secondary combustion zone.

Abstract: A method of low-NOx combustion and a burner device for effecting the same, in which a primary fuel is injected in a direction from tile periphery of stream of a combustion air towards that same combustion air, effecting a first combustion, so as to create a generally cylindrical primary flame covering the combustion air, whereby a secondary fuel injected towards the combustion air is shielded or intercepted by such primary flame from the combustion air, while causing NOx in tile primary flame to be reduced by the secondary fuel, after which, a second combustion is effected by bringing the secondary fuel to contact with a portion of the combustion air penetrating through the primary flame, at a downstream side. This arrangement permits more positive decrease of NOx density in an exhaust gas.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for combustion of gaseous fuel and air, for use in range-top type environments, is provided. The burner apparatus includes a burner housing, an inlet, a combustion chamber, and a heat absorbing and radiating quarl surrounding the outlet to the combustion chamber. The burner apparatus is advantageously configured so as to provide for substantially uniform heating of an object supported above the combustion chamber, through a combination of convective and radiative heat transfer.

Abstract: A method of low-NOx combustion and a burner device for effecting the same, in which a primary fuel is injected in a direction from the periphery of stream of a combustion air towards that same combustion air, effecting a first combustion, so as to create a generally cylindrical primary flame covering the combustion air, whereby a secondary fuel injected towards the combustion air is shielded or intercepted by such primary flame from the combustion air, while causing NOx in the primary flame to be reduced by the secondary fuel, after which, a second combustion is effected by bringing the secondary fuel to contact with a portion of the combustion air penetrating through the primary flame, at a downstream side. This arrangement permits more positive decrease of NOx density in an exhaust gas.

Abstract: In a double-cone burner, at least one row of nozzles (10) for a gaseous fuel containing highly reactive components and having a medium calorific value are arranged on the periphery of the partial conical bodies (1, 2) of the burner near the burner outlet at a distance of approximately 30% of the nominal burner diameter. In addition, there is a fuel conduit (11) and a distributing passage (17), placed in the region of the nozzles (10), for the highly reactive fuel. The gaseous fuel (15) containing highly reactive components is injected at high velocity through the nozzles (10), which have a diameter which is smaller than 1% of the nominal burner diameter, into the zones of high air velocity and the penetration depth and the direction of the fuel jets are matched to one another in such a way that ignition only takes place behind the burner, after mixing has occurred.

Abstract: A heating system for heating a heat sink via a heat transfer medium. The invention includes a vortex chamber having opposite first and second inwardly curved end walls, a combustion chamber fluidly communicating with the vortex chamber, fuel-air supply means fluidly communicating with the combustion chamber for injecting fuel-air mixture into the combustion chamber. Ignition means are provided in the combustion chamber for igniting the fuel-air mixture. A fuel ionizing chamber is disposed in the vortex chamber fluidly communicating with the fuel-air supply means for ionizing fuel entering the fuel-air supply means, and heat transfer medium containing means are provided for holding the heat transfer medium in thermal contact with the vortex chamber.

Abstract: An integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12) that is particularly suited for use with pulverized solid fuel-fired furnaces (10), and a method of operating a pulverized solid fuel-fired furnace (10) equipped with an integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12). The integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12) when so employed with a pulverized solid fuel-fired furnace (10) is capable of limiting NO.sub.x emissions therefrom to less than 0.15 lb./10.sup. 6 BTU, while yet maintaining carbon-in-flyash to less than 5% and CO emissions to less than 50 ppm. The integrated low NO.sub.x tangential firing system (12) includes pulverized solid fuel supply means (62), flame attachment pulverized solid fuel nozzle tips (60), concentric firing nozzles, close-coupled overfire air (98,100), and multi-staged separate overfire air (104,106).

Abstract: A gas burner is described having a cylindrical combustion chamber having at least two spaced apart counter-rotation stationary tangential air injectors and at least three sets of radial injection holes in between for admitting air under pressure in the combustion chamber to cause adjacent counter-rotation air turbulence regions in said combustion chamber. The combustion chamber has a closed end and an open end with a gas injector tube extending in the chamber from the closed end and disposed centrally therein. The injector tube has combustion gas injection ports at least upstream and downstream of the at least two air injectors to create a combustion mixture which is initially fuel-lean to generate a flame having a lower temperature and producing less nitrogen oxide than with conventional gas burners of this type. An air chamber is provided about at least a portion of the combustion chamber and communicates with the tangential air injectors.

Abstract: A tangential vortex burner and method of burning fuel having a moisture content ranging from 0% to 45%. The burner includes means for the tangential injection of air and fuel at different stages.

Abstract: In a burner for operating an internal combustion engine, a combustion chamber of a gas turbine or firing equipment, which consists essentially of at least two hollow conical partial bodies (1, 2) positioned one upon the other in the flow direction, the ignition of the air/fuel mixture forming in the hollow conical space (14) takes place by means of ignition electrodes (24a, 24b, 25a, 25b) which are placed at a location where there is a low flow velocity of the combustion air (15). This achieves the effect that the flame tongues starting from the electrode ends (25a, 25b) of the ignition electrodes (24a, 24b) can feed a flame front (7) forming at the outlet from the burner continuously and along ordered paths, i.e. paths directed in the flow direction with slight swirl in consequence of the motion of the combustion air (15), so that a stable reverse flow zone (6) forms.

Abstract: In a burner for premixing-type combustion of a liquid and/or gaseous fuel, which essentially comprises hollow conical part-bodies (1, 2) positioned one upon the other, the center lines of which extend mutually offset in the longitudinal direction, whereupon tangential inlet openings (1b, 2b) are formed on both sides of the burner, a fuel (5a) is admixed to the combustion air (13) flowing into the interior (3) of the burner in that area. This admixture is accomplished via a number of nozzles (9, 10), which act in the region of the inlet openings (1b, 2b). The fuel through these nozzles is injected with a small spray cone angle in the longitudinal direction of the slot. The fuel vaporization takes place essentially only in the inlet openings of the burner, with the result that only a fuel vapor enters the interior (3). A further central nozzle (4) supplied with a liquid and/or gaseous fuel provides assistance in the form of a limit fuel quantity.

Abstract: A nozzle is provided for discharging a combustible air and fuel mixture into the combustion chamber of a cyclonic combustor. The nozzle includes a centrally located air plenum and a plurality of passageways for discharging air from the plenum into the combustion chamber. The nozzle also includes a fuel jet system for discharging fuel into each air discharge passageway to mix with the combustion air passing therethrough.

Abstract: A process for cyclonic combustion of fuel in a combustor comprising mixing the fuel and oxidant forming a fuel/oxidant mixture prior to injection into said combustor, tangentially injecting the fuel/oxidant mixture into a first combustor chamber, igniting the fuel/oxidant mixture producing combustion products, exhausting the combustion products at a downstream end of a second combustor chamber in fluid communication with the first combustor chamber, and cooling a wall of the second combustor chamber, and an apparatus for carrying out this process.

Abstract: A low pollutant emission, high efficiency cyclonic burner and cyclonic combustion process for firetube boilers and heaters in which the combustion air required for complete combustion is introduced into the cyclonic burner in stages. Fuel and primary combustion air in an amount of about 30% to about 90% of the stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel are tangentially injected into a primary combustion zone of a combustion chamber within the burner. Secondary combustion air in an amount of about 10% to about 90% of the stoichiometric requirement for complete combustion of the fuel is introduced into a secondary combustion zone in the combustion chamber downstream of the primary combustion zone. The combustion chamber walls are cooled to maintain the combustion chamber temperature between about 1600.degree. F. and 2400.degree. F.

Abstract: A burner with a conical shape opening in the flow direction is composed of two partial-conical bodies, which are positioned one upon the other and whose centerlines in the longitudinal direction extend offset relative to one another. Because of this offset, a tangential inlet slot to an internal space of the burner is formed in each case over the length of the burner. The fuel supply takes place centrally via a nozzle and tangentially in the region of the inlet slots via, in each case, a fuel line, which is provided with fuel openings which there undertake the injection of the fuel. A duct is formed above each inlet slot and this is equipped with an injector. A further fuel is introduced through this injector. The air/fuel mixture with fuel from the injector and/or fuel from the fuel line flows generally as an air/fuel mixture through the tangential inlet slots into the internal space of the burner. If needed, further mixing with the fuel from the nozzle takes place there.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus for reducing NO.sub.x content of flue gas effluent from a furnace, the improvement comprising a burner assembly having a burner and flue gas recirculating system for collecting and passing internally recirculating flue gas into a combustion zone for reaction with a combustion flame. The burner preferably has a plurality of fuel dispensing nozzles peripherally disposed about the combustion zone to aspirate collected internally recirculating flue gas into the combustion zone, and has a plurality of fluid driven eductors to drive further amounts of collected internally recirculating flue gas into the combustion zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for burning coal water fuel, dry ultrafine coal, pulverized l and other liquid and gaseous fuels including a vertically extending outer wall and an inner, vertically extending cylinder located concentrically within the outer wall, the annnular space between the outer wall and the inner cylinder defining a combustion chamber and the all space within the inner cylinder defining an exhaust chamber. Fuel and atomizing air are injected tangentially near the bottom of the combustion chamber and secondary air is introduced at selected points along the length of the combustion chamber. Combustion occurs along the spiral flow path in the combustion chamber and the combined effects of centrifugal, gravitational and aerodynamic forces cause particles of masses or sizes greater than the threshold to be trapped in a stratified manner until completely burned out. Remaining ash particles are then small enough to be entrained by the flue gas and exit the system via the exhaust chamber in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A dynamic containment vessel defined by a stable fluid recirculation within a generally cylindrical containment region. The dynamic vessel is maintained by fluid momentum which establish superposed line and ring vortices within the containment region. Particles entrained within the containment vessel are retained until reduced to a preselected particle size and discharged along the axis of the vessel. Fluid injection nozzles are positioned at least at the discharge end of the vessel, at the perimeter of the containment region, and are oriented to inject gas into the containment region with a momentum having a component tangential to the cylindrical containment region and a component parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical containment region. The entrained particles may be a fuel, in which case the containment vessel may serve as a combustor.

Abstract: In a premixed type of combustion of a liquid fuel at high pressure, the injection of the fuel (4c, 4d) and its evaporation with a gaseous medium (5) is undertaken, in order to prevent premature ignition of the liquid/gaseous mixture in the burner itself, at a location where the droplets of the fuel from the fuel nozzles (4a, 4b) are screened from the flame radiation from the flame front of the burner. As soon as the fuel (4c, 4d) is pre-evaporated, i.e. leaves the duct (7a, 7b) via the inlet slot (1d, 2d) in the direction of the internal space (3) of the burner as a mixture (6), it absorbs practically no flame radiation.

Abstract: The present invention is a direct fired unit heater which includes a lower combustion chamber which communicates with an upper fan assembly which mixes combustion products with ambient air and discharges this laterally from the unit. The fan assembly has two cylindrical fans each with different critical speeds. One motor drives both cylindrical fans and is adjustable so that at a first higher speed it is within the operating range of both fans. At a lower operating speed, it is only within the operating range of the upper cylindrical fan. The upper cylindrical fan acts to pull in room air and discharge this. Thus, the blower operates continuously thereby destratifying the room air. When the burner operates, the motor speed is increased to act within the operating speed of the lower fan assembly. This lower fan assembly thereby pulls in the combustion products and discharges these along with the ambient air. The size of the cylindrical fans are designed to provide appropriate mixing for a direct fired unit.

Abstract: A clustered concentric tangential firing system (12) particularly suited for use in fossil fuel-fired furnaces (10) and a method of operating such furnaces (10) equipped with a clustered concentric tangential firing system (12).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vortex type furnace for burning powder. The furnace includes a first body, at least one air-supply pipe for generating a vortex, and at least one powder-supply pipe for feeding powder to be burned in said first body. The first body includes an elongated combustion chamber of a polygonal, elliptical, or circular cross section. The first body has an axis therealong, an ignition burner at an end thereof, and an exhaust port at another end thereof. The air-supply pipe generates a vortex around the center axis in the first body. The air-supply pipe, which opens at the internal peripheral surface of said furnace, is disposed quasi-tangentially or generally colinear with the internal peripheral surface of said first body. The powder-supply pipe, which opens at the internal surface of said first body, is disposed to be spaced apart from said air-supply pipe.

Abstract: The burner of the present invention has a throat section which is in communication with a fire tube located downstream from the throat section. Nozzle means are provided for introducing a fuel in the throat section in a downstream direction toward the fire tube. Very importantly, means are provided for forming a swirling combustion air stream substantially along the side walls of the throat and fire tube thereby reducing the static pressure along the axis of the burner. Also very importantly, means are provided for introducing a gas stream to the throat and downstream of the nozzle means in a swirling direction opposite to that of the swirling combustion air stream.

Abstract: A burner for directly flaming steel making materials to accomplish reduction without oxidation, wherein the burner comprises a plurality of combusion air outlets spaced circumferentially of the inner wall of a tubular burner tile, and fuel gas outlets disposed centrally of the burner tile, and wherein the combustion air outlets and fuel gas outlets are formed and disposed with specified jetting angles and distances to produce burning without oxidation.

Abstract: A burner for directly flaming steel making materials to accomplish reduction without oxidation, wherein the burner comprises a plurality of combustion air outlets spaced circumferentially of the inner wall of a tubular burner tile, and fuel gas outlets disposed centrally of the burner tile, and wherein the combustion air outlets and fuel gas outlets are formed and disposed with specified jetting angles and distances to produce buring without oxidation.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus for staged combustion inside the Morison tube of a firetube boiler for lowering the concentration of NO.sub.x in the exhaust gases. Combustion occurs in a first and second stage, the first stage being sub-stoichiometric combustion and the second stage being above-stoichiometric combustion. In two embodiments of the combustion apparatus, the first stage combustion occurs directly adjacent the inlet end of the boiler furnace and the second stage combustion occurs inside the boiler furnace which acts as a combustion apparatus. In other embodiments of the combustion apparatus, both the first and second stage combustion occur inside the boiler furnace which acts as a combustion apparatus. Swirling and/or cyclonic combustion is utilized in the first and second stages of the combustion apparatus. There is provided heat exchange means surrounding and extending substantially throughout the axial length of the combustion chamber, i.e.

Abstract: A burner for directly flaming steel making materials to accomplish reduction without oxidation, wherein the burner comprises a plurality of combustion air outlets spaced circumferentially of the inner wall of a tubular burner tile, and fuel gas outlets disposed centrally of the burner tile, and wherein the combustion air outlets and fuel gas outlets are formed and disposed with specified jetting angles and distances to produce burning without oxidation.

Abstract: A burner for directly flaming steel making materials to accomplish reduction without oxidation, wherein the burner comprises a plurality of combustion air outlets spaced circumferentially of the inner wall of a tubular burner tile, and fuel gas outlets disposed centrally of the burner tile, and wherein the combustion air outlets and fuel gas outlets are formed and disposed with specified jetting angles and distances to produce burning without oxidation.

Abstract: A burner for directly flaming steel making materials to accomplish reduction without oxidation, wherein the burner comprises a plurality of combustion air outlets spaced circumferentially of the inner wall of a tubular burner tile, and fuel gas outlets disposed centrally of the burner tile, and wherein the combustion air outlets and fuel gas outlets are formed and disposed with specified jetting angles and distances to produce burning without oxidation.