Abstract: A NOx suppression apparatus is configured for use with a burner that injects fuel into a stream of process air flowing into and through a rotary kiln. The apparatus comprises a premix injection system that forms a premix of fuel gas and air, and injects the premix into the stream of process air upstream of the burner port. This enables premix products of combustion to suppress the production of NOx by vitiating a combustion air portion of the process air before the combustion air portion combusts with fuel injected from the burner port.

Abstract: Clean combustion and equilibration equipment and methods are provided to progressively deliver, combust and equilibrate mixtures of fuel, oxidant and aqueous diluent in a plurality of combustion regions and in one or more equilibration regions to further progress oxidation of products of incomplete combustion, in a manner that sustains combustion while controlling temperatures and residence times sufficiently to reduce CO and NOx emissions to below 25 ppmvd, and preferably to below 3 ppmvd at 15% O2.

Abstract: A fired heater has two types of burners. The first burner is located in a duct which provides oxygen-containing gas to the heater to be combusted with the fuel provided by the burner. The second burner is located in the heater and provides both air and fuel for combustion. The heater may be located downstream of a gas turbine engine that cogenerates electricity and provides the oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A method for operating a burner including a burner outlet opening with at least two sectors, each sector is assigned at least one fuel nozzle, is provided. The method is characterized in that fuel is supplied separately to the fuel nozzles of different sectors. Also described is a burner which includes at least two sectors wherein each sector is assigned at least one fuel nozzle. The burner includes at least two separate fuel supply lines and a device for adjusting the fuel mass flow which flows through the respective fuel supply line. The fuel supply lines supply fuel to the fuel nozzles of different sectors. Also described is a gas turbine which is fitted with at least one burner.

Abstract: A burner assembly for and method of combusting fuel gas in a furnace is provided. The burner assembly includes a burner tile having a burner throat disposed therethrough. Combustion air is conducted through the burner throat into a combustion zone in the furnace. A pilot assembly is used to generate a pilot flame within the burner throat. Fuel gas is injected into an ignition zone located outside the burner throat and ignited therein. The pilot flame generated in the burner throat can be used to ignite the fuel gas in the ignition zone. The ignited fuel gas is admixed with combustion air in the combustion zone. The burner assembly can be operated without admixing a significant amount of fuel gas with combustion air in the burner throat, which can help control the formation of undesirable nitrogen oxides (NOX).

Abstract: A method of injection and combustion control and related injection nozzles and lances are described which facilitate the merging of the combustion of fossil fuels and separately added solid biomass waste product fuels in the form of pelletized chars and fine particulates. The teachings of this inventor's earlier patent, “Variable Gas Atomization,” U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,670, (referred to herein as VGA) are employed. They are applied in a distinctly different manner so as to enable air conveyed and injected solids to be accelerated, propelled and distributed in the combustion zone of fossil or biomass fuel boilers. While the use of an annular nozzle configuration with conically flared exit tips is generally similar, the functions to be performed, and the related conical exit configuration, differ.

Abstract: The invention concerns a combustion method for industrial furnace comprising an arrangement of two substantially parallel and symmetrical burner assemblies (G, D). Each burner assembly comprises a fuel injector (10<SUB>G</SUB>, 10<SUB>D</SUB>) and three oxidant injectors (1<SUB>G</SUB>, 2<SUB>G</SUB>, 3<SUB>G</SUB>, 1<SUB>D</SUB>, 2<SUB>D</SUB>, 3<SUB>D</SUB>) arranged at increasing distances from the fuel injector. An oxidant supply system cyclically distributes a specific flow of oxidant among some at least of the second and third injectors of the burner assemblies (2<SUB>G</SUB>, 3<SUB>G</SUB>, 2<SUB>D</SUB>, 3<SUB>D</SUB>). The amount of nitrogen monoxide produced upon combustion is thus reduced, while ensuring a good distribution of the heating power in the furnace.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in combustion. Fuel is combusted in a first zone, whereby nitrogen oxides are generated. Supplementary fuel is fed in another zone under reducing conditions. At the same time, the temperature is adjusted so that nitrogen oxides convert essentially to hydrogen cyanide. Finally, air is fed in for finalizing the combustion and converting the hydrogen cyanide into nitrogen.

Abstract: A burner comprising channels for the separate supply of a liquid fuel and an oxygen-containing gas. The burner comprises a twin-fluid atomizer head comprising first flow-through passages fluidly connected to the supply channel for oxygen-containing gas and second flow-through passages fluidly connected to the fuel supply channel. The second flow-through passages exit into the first flow-through passages at a point before the first flow-through passages exit into a coaxial ring of orifices. A cooling jacket envelopes the supply channel walls. The orifices run through the atomizer head at a distance from the cooling jacket. The atomizer head can, for example, be made of a first metal, such as a copper alloy, and the cooling jacket can be made of a second metal with a lower thermal conductivity than the first metal, for example steel.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for the combustion of gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen, with a burner which provides a swirl generator, into which liquid fuel is fed centrally along a burner axis, at the same time forming a conically shaped liquid fuel column which is surrounded by a rotating combustion air stream which flows tangentially into the swirl generator and into which, additionally, a gaseous and/or liquid fuel is injected so as to form a fuel/air swirl flow which is transferred downstream of the swirl generator, along a transitional portion, into a mixing zone following the transitional portion downstream and which is ignited and burnt in a combustion chamber following downstream, at the same time forming a backflow zone.

Abstract: A steam generating boiler having a matrix means for reducing combustion volume. Matrix means is placed in the combustion furnace of a steam generating boiler, preferably downstream of fuel and oxidant stream. Matrix means produces a shorter combustion envelope than that of a conventional boiler, allowing for reduced volume steam generating boilers.

Abstract: A burner assembly that produces very low NOx emissions includes a plurality of furnace gas openings for receiving a portion of furnace gasses back into a combustion cylinder. The burner assembly includes the combustion cylinder, a plurality of combustion air inlet conduits that extend into the cylinder and a plurality of fuel gas discharge nozzles that also extend into the cylinder. The burner assembly is mounted within a combustion chamber of a furnace, wherein the walls of the combustion chamber are provided with or are made up of heat transfer pipes.

Abstract: Combustion equipment of a coaxial jet combustion scheme is provided that includes: a burner plate in which fuel and air are mixed with each other while the fuel and air pass through an air hole; a burner plate extension which is a portion of the burner plate and extends toward a combustion chamber side spaced apart from the air hole; and a protrusion disposed on the combustion chamber side of the burner plate extension so as to protrude in a direction where flow of the fuel moves. In the combustion equipment, a gap between opposite portions of the protrusion is greater than a diameter of the air hole and a flame source forming area is defined between the burner plate, the burner plate extension and the protrusion. The combustion equipment of a coaxial jet combustion scheme can achieve a further reduction in NOx emissions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the creation, placement and control of an area of electrical ionization within an internal combustion engine combustion chamber or a fuel burner for a furnace is disclosed. A furnace includes a fuel source, a fuel burner, a plasma nozzle and igniter assembly, and the associated housing and flue structures. The plasma nozzle and igniter assembly is arranged so that the fuel sprayed out from the nozzle into the combustion area passes through or in close proximity to the area of plasma ionization. A fuel burner equipped with this electrical ionization device has its fuel efficiency enhanced by the complete and immediate combustion of substantially all of the fuel that passes through the area of plasma ionization. Exhaust gas recirculation using this system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A burner has a port facing into a combustion chamber along an axis. A secondary fuel injector structure has secondary fuel injection ports that face into the combustion chamber at locations spaced radially outward from the burner port. A tertiary fuel injector structure has tertiary fuel injection ports that face into the combustion chamber in directions perpendicular to the axis at locations spaced axially downstream from the secondary fuel injection ports.

Abstract: A burner has a port facing into a combustion chamber along an axis. A secondary fuel injector structure has secondary fuel injection ports that face into the combustion chamber at locations spaced radially outward from the burner port. A tertiary fuel injector structure has tertiary fuel injection ports that face into the combustion chamber in directions perpendicular to the axis at locations spaced axially downstream from the secondary fuel injection ports.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus 1 includes an intermediate member 6 constituted by a premixer 2 and a burner port assembly 3 and an air passage member 5, the intermediate member 6 being interposed between two air passage members 5. Fuel gas flows into an opening row part 10. The opening row part 10 has a number of openings 8 arranged linearly, so that the fuel gas introduced into the row part 10 is uniformly discharged through each of the openings 8. The fuel gas discharged through the openings 8 of the row part 10 bumps into air at mixing spaces 39. Fuel gas discharged through slots is homogenous and uniform in flow rate. Fuel gas produces a primary flame in a first combustion part 46 to perform a primary combustion. Unburned combustible components are discharged outside through openings of the first combustion part 46 and produce a secondary flame with air supplied through the distal end portion of the air passage member 5.

Abstract: The melting of glass batch materials by at least one sub merged burner generating a flame within the molten batch materials. At least one gas inlet separate from the burner is close enough to the burner to interact with the flame. The separate influx interacts with the flame of the burner to regulate it, thereby reducing the risk of molten materials entering the burner.

Abstract: In a burner (1) having an interior space (22) surrounded by at least one shell (8, 9) in which burner (1) fuel is injected through fuel nozzles (6) arranged at the burner shells (8, 9) into a combustion air stream (23) flowing within the interior space (22), the fuel/air mix which is formed flows to a flame front (3) in a combustion chamber (2) within a delay time (?), where it is ignited, the formation of combustion-driven thermoacoustic oscillations is avoided by virtue of the fact that means (24), which allow fuel to be injected into the combustion air stream (23) via at least two fuel injection holes (25) distributed over the length of the means (24) are arranged so as to project from the burner base (27) into the interior space (22) substantially in the direction of the combustion chamber (2), so that the delay time (?) between injection of the fuel and its combustion at the flame front (3) corresponds to a distribution (12) which avoids combustion-driven oscillations in premix operation.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle has a cylindrical nozzle body having a cavity where fuel passes through. A plurality of hollow spokes, each having an aerofoil cross section, are provided around the nozzle body. Each hollow spoke has four fuel injection holes in total on both side surfaces, i.e., two fuel injection holes on each side surface, to inject the fuel, with a distance from the surface of the nozzle body. The inside of each hollow spoke is hollow. The hollow spoke injects the fuel sent to the hollow nozzle body, from the fuel injection holes through the inside of the hollow spoke.

Abstract: A pyrolysis heater particularly for the cracking of hydrocarbons in the production of olefins has a burner arrangement in the firebox which includes staged combustion low NOx hearth burners firing upwardly in the firebox adjacent to the walls. Wall stabilizing gas fuel injection tips, located at an elevation above the hearth burners, inject fuel upwardly between the walls and the flame from the hearth burners. This prevents rollover of the flame onto the process heater coil and overheating of the coil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for providing controlled heat to a process utilizing a flameless distributed combustion.

Abstract: A burner and combustion method for a radiant wall heating system wherein each burner fuel ejector is positioned such that at least a substantial portion of the burner combustion air is discharged from an area beyond the ejector located the greatest distance from the radiant wall.

Abstract: A combustion system for a portable forced air heater having two frusta-conical sections attached to a circular burner tube, wherein each frusta-conical section has pre-determined vent hole patterns that allow the gas heater to have a variable burn rate.

Abstract: A burner is provided which includes a plurality of burner subunits that each share a single air supply, a single fuel supply and a single control system. Each burner subunit has a plurality of air orifices and a plurality of fuel orifices of sufficient quantity and of a cross-sectional area to control a transverse heat flux profile of the burner. The burner subunits are spaced with respect to one another to control a longitudinal heat flux profile of the burner. The single air supply and said single fuel are adapted to provide an air-fuel mix that ensures the transverse and the longitudinal heat flux profiles are maintained at different fuel and air input rates. A burner of similar design using premixed air and fuel is also disclosed.

Abstract: A combustion system for a portable forced air heater having two frusta-conical sections attached to a circular burner tube, wherein each frusta-conical section has pre-determined vent hole patterns that allow the gas heater to have a variable burn rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for injecting a liquid fuel into a pressurized air flow (7), in particular for a combustion chamber, comprising a hollow cylindrical body (10) of longitudinal axis (YY′) delimiting a substantially cylindrical central volume (11), fluid veins (12) substantially radial in relation to the longitudinal axis of body (10) and arranged on the periphery of said body to allow passage of said flow, and axial fuel injection pipes (5) arranged inside said fluid veins and connected to at least one fuel inlet (3) by at least one supply point (16). According to the invention, pipes (5) are pierced with openings (9) that open onto central volume (11) of said body (10) and which are oriented substantially in the direction of the flow in fluid veins (12).

Abstract: A device including a burner (6) for directing a fuel/air mixture into a reaction chamber (2) for flameless oxidation of fuels has a reaction chamber (2), which is supplied with a fuel air mixture by a burner (6). The burner (6) discharges the a fuel air fuel/air jet transversely to it's a longitudinal axis (A) of the burner and an. An exhaust gas channel (17) is arranged in or on the burner concentric or parallel to the burner longitudinal axis (A). The An outlet direction (R) of the fuel/air jets from the burner and the direction (A) of the exhaust gas channel cross each other. This Hence, produces the burners, which fuel introduces the fuel parallel or at an angle to the furnace wall into the furnace chamber in where the burner is mounted and are designed for flameless oxidation of the fuel.

Abstract: In a method for injecting fuel into a burner (1), which burner (1) comprises an inner chamber (22) enclosed by at least one shell (8, 9), at which inner chamber fuel is injected through fuel nozzles (6) into a combustion air stream (23) flowing inside the inner chamber (22), the resulting fuel/air mixture flows within a time-lag (&tgr;) to a flame front (3) in a combustion chamber (2), and is ignited there, the formation of thermoacoustic, ignition-driven vibrations is achieved in that the fuel is injected in such a way by means of fuel nozzles (6) distributed over the burner length that the time-lag (&tgr;) between the injection of the fuel and its combustion at the flame front (3) corresponds to a distribution (12) that varies systematically over the burner length for the various fuel nozzles and reduces the vibrations.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided including a furnace structure defining a reaction chamber in which oxidant and fuel are reacted to form combustion products and having an anchor surface having an opening through which the oxidant and fuel are introduced into the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is configured to recirculate the combustion products back toward the anchor surface. The apparatus also includes an anchor outlet configured to create a layer of combustion products directed along the anchor surface under the influence of the recirculated combustion products. The apparatus further includes a primary outlet configured to direct primary fuel to flow into the reaction chamber through the opening and the layer of combustion products so as to ignite the primary fuel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a fuel in which a first-stage fuel and a first-stage oxidant are introduced into a combustion chamber and ignited, forming a primary combustion zone. At least about 5% of the total heat output produced by combustion of the first-stage fuel and the first-stage oxidant is removed from the primary combustion zone, forming cooled first-stage combustion products. A portion of the cooled first-stage combustion products from a downstream region of the primary combustion zone is recirculated to an upstream region of primary combustion zone. A second-stage fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber downstream of the primary combustion zone and ignited, forming a secondary combustion zone. At least about 5% of the heat from the secondary combustion zone is removed. In accordance with one embodiment, a third-stage oxidant is introduced into the combustion chamber downstream of the secondary combustion zone, forming a tertiary combustion zone.

Abstract: An air-oxygen hydrogen sulphide burner (108) fires into a furnace (102). The burner comprises a main passage for combustion-supporting gas containing air (112), a multiplicity of spaced apart outer elongate fluid-conducting open ended tubes extending in parallel with each other along the main passage, each of the outlet tubes surrounding at least at the distal end of the burner a respective inner elongate fluid-conducting open ended tube, the inner tubes extending in parallel with one another, a first inlet to the burner for oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, and a second inlet to the burner for feed gas containing hydrogen sulphide, the first inlet communicating with the inner tubs, and the second inlets communicating with the outer tubes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for providing controlled heat to a process utilizing a flameless distributed combustion.

Abstract: A burner is provided which includes a plurality of burner subunits that each share a single air supply, a single fuel supply and a single control system. Each burner subunit has a plurality of air orifices and a plurality of fuel orifices of sufficient quantity and of a cross-sectional area to control a transverse heat flux profile of the burner. The burner subunits are spaced with respect to one another to control a longitudinal heat flux profile of the burner. The single air supply and said single fuel are adapted to provide an air-fuel mix that ensures the transverse and the longitudinal heat flux profiles are maintained at different fuel and air input rates. A burner of similar design using premixed air and fuel is also disclosed.

Abstract: An ultra low NOx burner for process heating is provided which includes a fluid based flame stabilizer which provides a fuel-lean flame at an equivalence ratio in the range of phi=0.05 to phi=0.3 and fuel staging lances surrounding the flame stabilizer in circular, flat, or load shaping profiles, each lance comprising a pipe having a staging nozzle at a firing end thereof, each lance having at least one hole for staging fuel injection, and each hole having a radial divergence angle and an axial divergence angle. The at least one hole and the divergence angles provide circular, flat or load shaping flame pattern. The burner provides NOx emissions of less than 9 ppmv at near stoichiometry combustion conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing the acidic pollutant emissions, in particular the sulfur trioxide emission, of industrial installations with at least one burner for the combustion of liquid fossil fuels. In particular, the invention relates to flue gas neutralization in the combustion of heavy oils. According to the invention, it is proposed that, before the combustion, an emulsion of the fuel with a solution of a magnesium-containing active ingredient or a magnesium compound is formed, and led into the burner.

Abstract: A liquid fuel vaporizer includes a combustion chamber in which heat is generated by burning fuel therein, an vaporization chamber in which liquid fuel is vaporized by the heat transferred from the combustion chamber to the vaporization chamber. Both chambers are integrally built in a housing, and liquid fuel is supplied from a single injector to both chambers. Liquid fuel consisting of small particles is supplied to the combustion chamber to improve combustion efficiency. Vaporized fuel in the vaporization chamber is prevented from being ignited and burnt therein by various manners, such as intercepting combustion flame, controlling an air/fuel ratio in a range out of a combustible range, or keeping vaporized fuel temperature at a level lower than its self-igniting temperature.

Abstract: A burner and method for reducing NOx emissions from process heaters, boilers, and other heating systems having flue gases present therein. The inventive burner and method preferably involve the single stage combustion of fuel gas which is ejected outside of a burner wall in free jet flow such that at least a portion of the flue gas is entrained in the fuel gas as it travels to a combustion zone at the forward end of the burner wall. Air or other oxygen-containing gas is preferably delivered to the combustion zone via an interior passageway. The inventive burner preferably comprises a plurality of ejectors positioned outside of the burner wall and preferably also comprises one or more exterior impact structures positioned to assist in further mixing the flue gas with the fuel.

Abstract: According to the invention, in burners having a swirl generator (100), a mixing tube (220) and a combustion chamber (30), the transition from the mixing tube (220) to the combustion chamber (30) is designed with a variable radius over the circumference of the mixing tube (220). As a result, it is possible to form the flame in various shapes—from a circle to an ellipse with a ratio of width to height of 3 at most. The number of burners in a gas turbine may thus be advantageously reduced. Burners of existing gas turbines may be converted in a simple manner.

Abstract: An acid gas burner and reactor apparatus, and method when used in the Claus process, are improved over the prior art by the provision of a substantially continuous circular slot for the flow of a reactant gas from an annular conduit into the open outflow end of a conduit that is located centrally of the annular conduit and through which flows pressure air, or air enriched with oxygen, the circular slot surrounding the open discharge end of the central conduit so as to discharge an annular curtain of the reactant gas into the flow of pressure air, or oxygen enriched air.

Abstract: A method of combustion and an apparatus therefor in which separate streams of very lean and very rich fuel/oxidant mixture are combusted separately, the products of combustion therefrom being thoroughly mixed before final combustion takes place. The lean/rich primary combustion minimizes combustion temperatures and pollutant formation, whilst the final combustion is substantially stoichiometric.

Abstract: A round burner capable of being operated with reduced CO and NOx emissions includes a venturi tube positioned to direct a flow of air through the burner and into a combustion zone in a combustion chamber through an entrance in a wall of the combustion chamber. The venturi tube has inlet and outlet ends and a throat. The outlet end of the venturi tube has a larger internal diameter than either the inlet end or the throat and the same is positioned adjacent the entrance to the combustion chamber. The inlet end of the venturi tube is also positioned further from the entrance than the outlet end of the venturi tube. The burner may include a duct system that includes an inlet disposed in fluid communication with the combustion zone and an outlet disposed in fluid communication with the venturi tube adjacent the throat thereof.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: In a burner for operating a heat generator, which burner essentially comprises a swirl generator (100), a transition piece (200) arranged downstream of the swirl generator, and a mixing tube (20), transition piece (200) and mixing tube (20) form the mixing section of the burner, this mixing section being arranged upstream of a combustion space (30). In the region of the tangential combustion-air-directing inflow ducts (101b-104b), fuel-directing ducts (121-124), the cross section of flow of which is designed for a low-calorific fuel (116), extend along the swirl generator (100). The fuel-directing ducts (121-124) end at a distance upstream of the transition of the tangential inflow ducts (101b-104b) into an interior space of the swirl generator (100), whereby partial mixing between the two media (115, 117) takes place before the mixture flows into the interior space (118). In addition, this setting-back provides sufficient space for other fuel-directing lines (111-114) in this region.

Abstract: A nozzle assembly, a burner and a method for producing a wide combustion flame are provided. The burner has a plurality of refractory nozzles, each having a minimum wall thickness of from about 0.25 to about 0.33 of the minimum nozzle dimension. Each nozzle has a plurality of orifices to enable the gas to be projected in a parallel plane with the gas projected in a plane from the other nozzle.

Abstract: A combustor has a pilot nozzle 02 arranged at a central portion of an inner cylinder 01 opening at its end into a combustion chamber 018 and includes a plurality of main nozzles 03 arranged around its outer circumference. Along the outer circumference of a flame holding cone 014 for igniting a fuel F injected from the main nozzles 03 there are disposed elliptical extension pipes 016 of an elliptical sectional shape which are extended from the fronts of the main nozzles 03 to have openings at the axial position of the opening of the flame holding cone 014. As a result, a hot premixed flame 013 does not flow back to a main swirler zone 015 of the circumferential edges of the openings of the main nozzles 03 so that mixing between the fuel F and an air flow A can be improved, reducing the Nox emission while eliminating the burning of a base plate 04 and the main nozzles 03.

Abstract: A gas fired burner is provided for use in applications such as chemical process furnaces for process heaters in refineries and chemical plants, and the like. The burner is provided with a plurality of fuel gas inlets for enabling manipulation of the flame shape and combustion characteristics of the burner, based upon variation in the distribution of fuel gas between the various fuel gas inlets.A combination pilot and flame holder for a burner, such as may be used in process heaters and furnaces for refineries, chemical plants and the like, is also provided. The pilot is mounted atop a supply pipe for premixed fuel and air, which is positioned in the bore of a burner quarl. The pilot includes a radially outwardly extending flange which is upstream of a surface combustion flame holder for establishing a radially directed surface combustion flame.The present invention also provides a low-emissions burner and pilot system for use in such process heaters and furnaces.

Abstract: A burner design for use especially with rotary dryers is provided, in which a primary firing tube is provided with an oil body disposed proximate the burner tip portion of the firing tube, the oil body being constructed to divide an airflow into an outer portion flowing through an outer airstream passageway and an inner portion flowing through an inner airstream passageway, and to cause said inner and outer portions to intersect each other proximate the burner tip portion. The oil body is further provided with a slit opening on an inner surface thereof along a boundary of the inner airstream passageway, the slit opening being in fluid communication with a supply of fuel oil, whereby fuel oil can be delivered at low pressure at an inner surface of the oil body, whereupon the inner airstream portion will cause the fuel oil to film along the inner surface of the oil body and to be intersected by the inner and outer airstream portions to atomize the fuel oil at the burner tip.

Abstract: A gas fired burner is provided for use in applications such as chemical process furnaces for process heaters in refineries and chemical plants, and the like. The burner is provided with a plurality of fuel gas inlets for enabling manipulation of the flame shape and combustion characteristics of the burner, based upon variation in the distribution of fuel gas between the various fuel gas inlets.A combination pilot and flame holder for a burner, such as may be used in process heaters and furnaces for refineries, chemical plants and the like, is also provided. The pilot is mounted atop a supply pipe for premixed fuel and air, which is positioned in the bore of a burner quarl. The pilot includes a radially outwardly extending flange which is upstream of a surface combustion flame holder for establishing a radially directed surface combustion flame.The present invention also provides a low-emissions burner and pilot system for use in such process heaters and furnaces.

Abstract: A burner for combusting fuel gas and air in an enclosure having a burner block member of non-combustible material, such as ceramic, having a central rectangular or square opening. Said burner block being located between the surface to be heated and an enclosure wall opposite said surface, said central rectangular or square block opening being used to shape the combustion flame in a flat or fan shaped fashion parallel to the enclosure wall surface. In such an arrangement, the burner's purpose is to direct combustion flame upon the enclosure wall which is heated by the flame and radiates heat back towards the surface area to be heated and to reduce the oxygen content which serves to reduce the peak flame temperature of the combustion process to thereby reducing NO.sub.x production.