Abstract: A large diameter mid-zone air separation cone is provided for decreasing NOx during burner operation by expanding the internal recirculation zone (IRZ) at the burner exit. The mid-zone air separation cone has a short cylindrical leading edge that fits in the outer air zone of a burner. The mid-zone air separation cone splits the outer air zone secondary air flow into two equal or unequal streams depending on the position of the air separation cone with respect to the outer air zone, and deflects a portion of the secondary air flow radially outward. Since the radial position of the air separation cone is farther from the burner centerline, the IRZ size is expanded and NOx emissions are minimized.

Abstract: Combustion system comprising a furnace having a thermal load and a combustion atmosphere disposed therein; one or more fuel lances adapted to inject fuel into the combustion atmosphere; and one or more igniters associated with the one or more fuel lances and adapted to ignite the fuel injected by the one or more fuel lances into the combustion atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is provided for combining fuel and combustion air to produce a mixture. The mixture is burned in a combustion chamber to produce a flame.

Abstract: A method for gasifying carbonaceous materials to fuel gases comprises the formation of an ultra-superheated steam (USS) composition substantially containing water vapor, carbon dioxide and highly reactive free radicals thereof, at a temperature of about 2400° F. (1316° C.) to about 5000° F. (2760° C.). The USS composition comprising a high temperature clear, colorless flame is contacted with a carbonaceous material for rapid gasification/reforming thereof. The need for significant superstoichiometric steam addition for temperature control. Methods for controlling a gasification/reforming system to enhance efficiency are described. A USS burner for a fluidized bed gasification/reforming reactor, and methods of construction, are described.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for using staged air combustion. The apparatus includes a burner body (10) secured to a port block (42), and a fuel passageway (12) extending through the burner body (10), terminating in a fuel nozzle (22), which injects fuel into the burner throat (40). Primary air jets (20) are configured to inject primary air into a primary combustion region (24), which is normally in the burner throat (40). A dish with a dish surface (28) is connected to the burner throat (40); the dish surface (28) extending in a divergent angle with respect to a burner centerline (35). Secondary air jets (34) are connected to the air passageway (14) and extend through the port block (42). The secondary air jets (34) inject secondary air into a secondary combustion region (38), which may be at the dish surface (28) or the hot face (30) of the burner.

Abstract: The present invention is an air-staged low NOx burner for firing a gaseous fuel. The burner fires three stages, with the first stage of combustion taking place substantially within a burner cup section of a refractory baffle, the second stage of combustion taking place adjacent to the baffle and downstream of the baffle, and the third stage of combustion within a furnace. The flow of main combustion air adjacent to the baffle creates a negative pressure zone adjacent to the baffle. The present invention is also a method for low NOx staged combustion.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for the combustion synthesis of carbon nanotubes characterized with the combustor having an oxidizing agent inlet, a fuel inlet and an inert gas inlet, such that the inverse diffusion flame occurs within the combustor, thereby producing carbon nanotubes without using vacuum, and a method for the combustion synthesis of carbon nanotubes using the same. According to the present invention, it is possible to directly collect samples including carbon nanotubes without oxidation and a substrate may be installed with ease. Moreover, the manufacturing cost can be lowered to a level suitable for mass production so that the carbon nanotube technology can be extended to various applications.

Abstract: This invention is a directed to combustion apparatus incorporating a combustion chamber, a precombustion chamber and a multi-wall burner and a process for effecting combustion of gases, particularly feed gases containing gases that, on combustion, form solid oxidation products, i.e., solid-forming gases. A pathway is formed between the exterior of the precombustion chamber and the interior of said combustion chamber, whereby said pathway permits introduction of a secondary oxidant into the interior portion of the combustion chamber for facilitating combustion of said solid forming gas.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion chamber of a furnace or boiler are presented, the combustion normally using only air as an oxidant, part of the air entering the combustion chamber through one or more burners, and a remaining portion of air entering the combustion chamber at a plurality of locations downstream of the burners. The methods comprise injecting oxygen-enriched gas through a plurality of lances into the combustion chamber at a plurality of downstream locations, the oxygen-enriched gas injected at a velocity ranging from subsonic to supersonic, and the oxygen-enriched gas being present in an amount sufficient to provide an oxygen concentration of no more than 2% on a volume basis greater than when air is used alone as oxidant.

Abstract: Burner (1) comprising a head (2) with two groups of holes (4?, 4?) for the passage of fuel and comburent arranged in circles concentric to the burner axis, in which the various groups (5) of holes are separated by circular sectors without holes and the axes of the holes are oblique compared with the burner axis (X) to create special forms of flame.

Abstract: A swirl-type internal flame recirculation burner apparatus and method as used to fire asphalt plant aggregate dryers, air heaters and calcining kilns and method includes a compressed air oil atomizer assembly. The burning and swirling fuel and primary main combustion air mixture recirculates upstream along the burner axis. The secondary main combustion air may be swirled. The burner may also be fired on gas or a combination of gas and oil.

Abstract: A dual fuel burner including an elongated supply pipe and a gas injector for a boiler furnace having a plurality of peripheral openings around a center opening. The peripheral openings are pitched radially away from the longitudinal axis of the gas injector and also pitched either clockwise or counter-clockwise, to impart a swirling motion to gaseous fuel exiting the injector through the openings. A first sleeve member is concentrically spaced about the supply pipe and the gas injector to form an inner annular passageway for conveying a mixture of primary air and pulverized coal to the furnace combustion zone. A second sleeve member is concentrically spaced about the first sleeve member to form an outer annular passageway for conveying secondary air to the furnace combustion zone, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced vanes mounted within the outer annular passageway for inducing a swirling motion to the secondary air discharging from the outer annular passageway into the furnace combustion zone.

Abstract: A burner for producing carbon black, includes a combustion chamber which can be supplied with fuel gas and an oxidizing gas in such a way that a diffusion flame producing carbon black particles is generated in the combustion chamber. The burner is also provided with a carbon-black discharge line. Carbon black formed in the combustion chamber can be discharged via an opening in the combustion chamber which feeds into the carbon-black discharge line. The discharge line is also provided with an opening through which an extinguishing gas can be supplied to the carbon-line. The burner permits the stable and reproducible production of carbon black particles which present well defined chemical and physical characteristics.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus comprising a pre-combustor stage and a primary combustion stage, the pre-combustor stage having two co-axial cylinders, one for oxidant and one for fuel gas, in which the fuel gas is preheated and the primary combustion stage having rectangular co-axial passages through which fuel and oxidant are admitted into a refractory burner block. Both passages converge in the vertical plane and diverge in the horizontal plane. The passage through the refractory burner block also has a rectangular profile and diverges in the horizontal plane. The outlets to the primary combustion stage are recessed in the refractory burner block at a distance which may be varied.

Abstract: A burner apparatus comprising housing defining a chamber and having an air inlet, a peripherally extending baffle disposed in the housing, a first peripherally extending flow passage being formed between the housing and the baffle, the first flow passage being in open communication with the air inlet, a peripherally extending combustion liner disposed inwardly of the baffle, a second peripherally extending flow passage being formed between the liner and the baffle, the second flow passage being in open communication with the first passage, a reversing diverter disposed in the chamber and positioned to direct air flowing from the first flow passage into the second flow passage, a burner assembly mounting plate disposed in the liner and having a first side and a second side, the mounting plate and the liner at least partially defining a burner barrel on the first side of the mounting plate, at least one burner assembly mounted on the burner mounting plate and a plenum on the second side of the mounting plate th

Abstract: Process heaters operated with a burner that uses high-oxygen oxidant gas instead of air and that recirculates and entrains combustion gases, wherein oxidant gas is injected at an angle to the fuel nozzle.

Abstract: A low NOx burner nozzle assembly for a radiant wall burner includes an elongated hollow burner tube and a discharge nozzle. The burner tube defines a conduit for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to a radiant combustion area of a combustion zone that surrounds the nozzle assembly. The discharge nozzle is mounted on the tube at the downstream end of the conduit adjacent the radiant combustion area and the same is adapted for directing the mixture of fuel and air into the radiant combustion area in an essentially radial direction. The discharge nozzle includes a plurality of flow directing members arranged in an array which extends circumferentially around the discharge nozzle, and the same are arranged to define therebetween a plurality of passageways which extend in a generally radial direction. The passageways are arranged so as to have different respective flow areas. The discharge nozzle also has an end cap to prevent axial flow of the primary air/fuel mixture.

Abstract: A gas burner for use with a Claus furnace made up of at least five concentric tubes and the spaces formed between them. The diameters of the tubes increase radially outward so that the first tube has a smaller diameter than the fifth tube. At the end of the burner closest to the furnace, the tube ends of the third, fourth, and fifth tubes lie in the same plane. The first and the second tubes are fastened together and capable of movement along the central longitudinal axis of the burner, but their ends closest the furnace are not capable of moving past the plane formed by the third, fourth, and fifth tubes. An injector is located between the first and second tubes at the end closest the furnace. The injector is oriented towards the periphery of the burner.

Abstract: A U-tube diffusion flame burner assembly having improved flame stabilization with no undesirable acoustic effects. The burners are axial units comprised of flame holders and combustors. The flame holders includes secondary air tubes to support the flow of secondary air that have helical walls forming helical passageways along at least a portion of its inner diameter to impart a swirl to the secondary air. The helical passageways impart a swirl to the secondary air exiting the passageways while simultaneously acting as a heat exchanger to heat primary air. The flame holders includes fuel tubes having first ends connected to a fuel supply and second flame ends. A plurality of radially oriented apertures are located at the second flame ends to distribute fuel in a radial direction. Primary air tube surrounds at least the flame ends of the fuel tubes and extend axially from first air supply ends to second flame ends.

Abstract: A nozzle comprising a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face. Each slot has a slot axis and the slot axis of at least one of the slots is not parallel to the inlet flow axis of the nozzle body. In another embodiment, the nozzle comprises a nozzle body having an inlet face, an outlet face, and an inlet flow axis passing through the inlet and outlet faces, and two or more slots extending through the nozzle body from the inlet face to the outlet face, each slot having a slot axis, wherein none of the slots intersect other slots and all of the slots are in fluid flow communication with a common fluid supply conduit. The nozzles may be used to inject secondary fuel in a burner system having a central burner combusting a primary fuel surrounded by secondary fuel injection nozzles.

Abstract: A burner has a nozzle formed of generally concentric inner and outer pieces. The inner piece defines a fuel conduit, and the outer piece defines an annular gas conduit which tapers down towards the outlet end of the nozzle. The inner piece has a rounded edge near the outlet end. The inner piece is longitudinally translatable, within a limited range of movement, relative to the outer piece, and can be locked into a desired position. The nozzle promotes efficient mixing of fuel and air (or oxygen) outside the burner. The stream of air creates a partial vacuum in the vicinity of the outlet end, serving to draw fuel out of the fuel conduit. Longitudinal adjustment of the inner piece allows the shape of the flame to be optimized. The burner can be used with virtually any fuel that can be provided in fluid form, whether solid, liquid or gas.

Abstract: A burner assembly includes a generally cylindrical burner tube having a combustion chamber. The burner tube supplies combustion air and combustion gas to the combustion chamber. A burner head assembly is disposed in the burner tube upstream of the combustion chamber. The burner head assembly includes a plurality of flame retention plates having a plurality of changeable flame retention plates removably mounted thereto. The flame retention plates include a base plate, at least one intermediate plate, and a top plate. Each of the base plate, the intermediate plate, and the top pate includes a plurality of combustion air flow and combustion gas flow apertures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to a device intended for spontaneous combustion of a fuel comprising organic, vegetable or mineral materials, the device comprising a combustion chamber, at least one fuel injection means, at least one air inlet, hot fumes discharge means. Chamber (1) comprises a cylindrical shell (11), the discharge means comprise a pipe (6) having the same axis as the chamber and arranged inside said chamber, and fuel injection means (7) is arranged substantially tangential to said cylindrical shell so that the fuel follows a circular motion around said pipe in the chamber.

Abstract: A gas injector for a furnace or boiler gas-fired burner has a plurality of peripheral openings around a center opening. The peripheral openings are pitched radially away from the longitudinal axis of the gas injector and also pitched either clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW), to impart a swirling motion to gaseous fuel exiting the injector through the openings. The gas injector with the radial plus CW or CCW pitched peripheral openings has reduced flame length and lower CO emissions and only slightly elevated levels of NOx emissions relative to a gas injector with only radially pitched openings. The gas injector is useful in furnaces having small enclosures to prevent burner flames from impinging on the opposing walls.

Abstract: A burner for a thermal post-combustion device comprises a combustion nozzle, which comprises a substantially hollow-cylindrical base member (1) at least virtually closed at one end by a cover (2). Fuel gas is supplied thereto axially at a particular pressure. The fuel gas flows out radially via main discharge openings (8) of the combustion nozzle. These main discharge openings (8) are at such a radial distance from the axis of the base member (1) and exhibit such a cross-section that, at the particular pressure of the supplied fuel gas, individual flames form at the main discharge openings (8) which substantially do not overlap. While maintaining the same total burner power, in this way the individual flames remain colder than in known burners, which produce a cohesive ball of flame instead of individual flames.

Abstract: A burner, in particular, for a motor vehicle supplementary or parking heater, for the burning of liquid fuel, in the presence of combustion air, has a combustion chamber (10), with a jet for the atomization of liquid fuel, arranged before said chamber. The jet has a Venturi tube (11) at the largest diameter end of the diffuser section thereof, opening into the combustion chamber (10), and the liquid fuel is introduced into the Venturi region which is at a low pressure when compared with the upstream end of the diffuser section (12), and through the inlet section (13) of which the air is pumped.

Abstract: A combustion burner includes an air supply case connected to an air supply mouth a position at a position on the air supply case from a rear end part to a tip portion thereof, which supplies air from air supply equipment; a nozzle body attached so as to cover a tip portion of the air supply case, and having a jet nozzle formed in a center part of the nozzle body; a fuel nozzle in the nozzle body so as to supply air from the air supply case through an air jet hole, placed between the tip perimeter part of the fuel nozzle and the jet nozzle, having a frusto-conically shaped fuel supply passage, and which supplies air from a tip portion thereof; a plurality of air guide holes provided between an outer circumferential portion of the fuel nozzle and the nozzle body so as to supply air from the air jet hole in a spiral pattern; a fuel supply support member in the fuel supply passage, which supplies fuel from at least two fuel supply holes in an opposite spiral pattern from the tip end of the fuel nozzle; and at lea

Abstract: A straight path carbon powder combustion machine uses carbon powders as fuel of the combustion machine. The carbon powders enter into the interior of an igniter from carbon powders inlets. Then the carbon powders further enter into a forced firing internal combustion chamber. The gas in the gas tube of the igniter is fired by an electric shock rod. Part of air input from the whirlwind combustion air inlet to mix in the forced firing internal combustion chamber. When the gas in the igniter is fired by the electric shock rod, the fire jets out from the gas combustion air inlet tube so as to fire the carbon powders. The carbon powders are intercepted by the tinder intercepter to adhere thereon. The carbon powders contact and are fired by the tinder on the tinder intercepter to form a large flame which is sprayed out from the plurality of flame outlets.

Abstract: A burner apparatus comprises a conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and having outlet and inlet ends, and a conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel and having outlet and inlet ends. The conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel is substantially parallel to the conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant is positioned substantially vertically above the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel each are positioned within its own respective elongate cavity in a refractory burner block. Each of the conduits are positioned in their respective cavity such that a substantially annular region is present between an outer surface of each conduit and its respective cavity. Each conduit inlet end extends through a respective plenum for receiving an ambient temperature fluid, the plenums adapted to pass the ambient temperature fluid into the respective annular regions.

Abstract: An ultra low NOx burner for process heating is provided which includes a fluid based flame stabilizer which provides a fuel-lean flame at an equivalence ratio in the range of phi=0.05 to phi=0.3 and fuel staging lances surrounding the flame stabilizer in circular, flat, or load shaping profiles, each lance comprising a pipe having a staging nozzle at a firing end thereof, each lance having at least one hole for staging fuel injection, and each hole having a radial divergence angle and an axial divergence angle. The at least one hole and the divergence angles provide circular, flat or load shaping flame pattern. The burner provides NOx emissions of less than 9 ppmv at near stoichiometry combustion conditions.

Abstract: A symmetric device for stabilization of a flame includes a primary oxidant pipe and a fuel pipe. The fuel pipe is internal to the primary oxidant pipe creating a primary oxidant conduit. A secondary oxidant pipe is internal to the fuel pipe creating a fuel conduit. A primary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the primary oxidant conduit. A fuel source supplies fuel to the fuel conduit. A secondary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the secondary oxidant pipe. The first oxidant velocity is greater than the second oxidant velocity and the fuel velocity is less than the second oxidant velocity. The primary oxidant pipe end extends past the fuel pipe forward end and the fuel pipe forward end extends past the secondary oxidant pipe end. A mismatch in velocity between fuel and oxidant generates a large scale vortex. An asymmetric embodiment is also provided.

Abstract: A gas burner of the type with which a burner head (1) is placed in an inner pipe (2) which is surrounded by an outer protective pipe. Fuel is delivered to the burner head through a first conduit (3) placed within the inner pipe, and air of combustion is delivered through the inner pipe. The first conduit (3) terminates short of the burner head (1) and the barrel surface of said conduit (3) is provided with holes (12). A further pipe (13) surrounds at least the perforated part of said conduit (3) and one end (14) of the further pipe (13) extends to the burner head (1) whereas the other end (15) is sealed against the conduit (3) so as to form a mixing chamber between the outside of the conduit (3) and the inside of the further pipe (13). A second conduit (17) and adapted to conduct a given amount of air to the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A combustion system for automatic, real-time control of a combustion process which can be applied with significant advantage to a wide range of furnaces, boilers and combustors. The system includes a burner body having a primary first fluid inlet end forming at least one primary first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet end forming at least one first fluid outlet. An inner conduit is disposed within the burner body, forming a fluid flow region between the burner body and the inner conduit. The inner conduit has a second fluid inlet distal from the first fluid outlet and a second fluid outlet proximate the first fluid outlet. An internal adjustment device is provided for adjusting a flow cross-sectional area for a first fluid and/or a second fluid disposed within the burner body.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to produce a spray burner, starting from a conventional spray burner, for the atomisation and combustion of sulphur-containing residues, comprising a residue nozzle, for the introduction of sulphur-containing residue, which is surrounded by an outer nozzle, for the introduction of an atomising agent, whereby said burner is suitable for a method in which oxygen can be introduced in the cracking oven as additional oxidising agent to increase the capacity and improve the economic efficiency without the above disadvantages and limitations and is also optimised for a variable throughput of residue for atomising. Said aim is achieved whereby the residue nozzle comprises a multiplicity of individual nozzles which may be switched on and off, connected to an input for the residue, an inlet for fuel is provided and the outer nozzle is connected to an inlet for an oxygen-enriched gas stream.

Abstract: A flame stabilizing apparatus is disclosed for application to a burner for a flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD) process. In the flame stabilizing apparatus, a co-flow diffusion flame burner emits a flame onto a substrate and a flame stabilizer, installed around the burner coaxially, isolates the emitted flame from an instable ambient flow to stabilize the flame and a particle flow.

Abstract: The invention concerns a Claus furnace gas burner consisting of at least five concentric tubes (T1-T5), forming five concentric gaps for introducing gas, the first tube (T1) being the tube with the smallest diameter and the fifth tube (T5) being the one with the largest diameter, wherein: the ends on the side of the Claus furnace of the third, fourth and fifth tubes are in the same plane, the two central tubes (T1, T2) are integral relative to each other and mobile along a central longitudinal axis of the burner relative to the other tubes (T3-T5), their ends on the Claus furnace side not exceeding the plane formed by the ends of the three other tubes, the gap formed between the first and second tubes (T1, T2) being terminated on the Claus furnace side by an injector oriented towards the periphery of the burner in the injecting direction of the gases into the burner.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided including a furnace structure defining a reaction chamber in which oxidant and fuel are reacted to form combustion products and having an anchor surface having an opening through which the oxidant and fuel are introduced into the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is configured to recirculate the combustion products back toward the anchor surface. The apparatus also includes an anchor outlet configured to create a layer of combustion products directed along the anchor surface under the influence of the recirculated combustion products. The apparatus further includes a primary outlet configured to direct primary fuel to flow into the reaction chamber through the opening and the layer of combustion products so as to ignite the primary fuel.

Abstract: A tubular burner for industrial furnaces is capable of achieving a good mixing of combustion gas and fuel. This burner contains an end section projecting into a combustion zone supplied with secondary combustion air, and several separate annular feed ducts for combustion gas and fuel bounded by tubular walls arranged coaxially one inside the other, individual nozzles being arranged in approximately annular distribution in the end wall of the combustion gas feed duct facing into the combustion zone. To achieve a good mixing of combustion gas/combustion air and fuel, at least one outer annular feed duct is constructed essentially as fuel feed duct, whilst the combustion gas feed duct equipped with individual nozzles is arranged radially inside this fuel feed duct.

Abstract: An air-oxygen hydrogen sulphide burner (108) fires into a furnace (102). The burner comprises a main passage for combustion-supporting gas containing air (112), a multiplicity of spaced apart outer elongate fluid-conducting open ended tubes extending in parallel with each other along the main passage, each of the outlet tubes surrounding at least at the distal end of the burner a respective inner elongate fluid-conducting open ended tube, the inner tubes extending in parallel with one another, a first inlet to the burner for oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, and a second inlet to the burner for feed gas containing hydrogen sulphide, the first inlet communicating with the inner tubs, and the second inlets communicating with the outer tubes.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a liquid fuel burner that provides for large turn-down ratios and low firing rates. The fuel injector has a fast acting valve to provide a pulsed flow of fuel from a fuel supply and a nozzle coupled to the valve for receiving and atomizing the pulsed flow of fuel. The pulse of atomizing fuel is injected into the throat of a burner. A fuel controller coupled to the fuel supply and the fuel injector governs the rate of fuel delivery by controlling the duration and frequency of an opening period of the fast acting valve.

Abstract: An improved burner and a method for combusting fuel in burners used in furnaces, such as those used in steam cracking, are disclosed. The burner includes a burner tube having an upstream end and a downstream end and means for drawing flue gas from the furnace or air from a source of air or mixtures thereof in response to an inspirating effect of uncombusted fuel flowing through the burner tube from its upstream end towards its downstream end. A burner tip is mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, the burner tip having a plurality of main ports in an external surface thereof so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip, the number and dimensions of said main ports in said external surface being such that the ratio of the total area of the main ports in said external surface is at least 1 square inch per million (MM) Btu/hr burner capacity.

Abstract: A pulverized fuel burner having reduced NOx emissions comprises a first precessing jet nozzle surrounded by a second nozzle. The second nozzle feeds pulverized fuel into a precessing jet of air formed by the first nozzle.

Abstract: A coherent jet lance and operating method wherein the need for a lance extension is eliminated using a single ring of ports to deliver flame envelope gases around the primary gas jets to maintain the gas jets coherent.

Abstract: An ultra low NOx burner for process heating is provided which includes a fluid based flame stabilizer which provides a fuel-lean flame at an equivalence ratio in the range of phi=0.05 to phi=0.3 and fuel staging lances surrounding the flame stabilizer in circular, flat, or load shaping profiles, each lance comprising a pipe having a staging nozzle at a firing end thereof, each lance having at least one hole for staging fuel injection, and each hole having a radial divergence angle and an axial divergence angle. The at least one hole and the divergence angles provide circular, flat or load shaping flame pattern. The burner provides NOx emissions of less than 9 ppmv at near stoichiometry combustion conditions.

Abstract: A symmetric device for stabilization of a flame includes a primary oxidant pipe and a fuel pipe. The fuel pipe is internal to the primary oxidant pipe creating a primary oxidant conduit. A secondary oxidant pipe is internal to the fuel pipe creating a fuel conduit. A primary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the primary oxidant conduit. A fuel source supplies fuel to the fuel conduit. A secondary oxidant source supplies oxidant to the secondary oxidant pipe. The first oxidant velocity is greater than the second oxidant velocity and the fuel velocity is less than the second oxidant velocity. The primary oxidant pipe end extends past the fuel pipe forward end and the fuel pipe forward end extends past the secondary oxidant pipe end. A mismatch in velocity between fuel and oxidant generates a large scale vortex. An asymmetric embodiment is also provided.

Abstract: To provide a burner for a hydrogen generation system having an excellent combustion stability which can be achieved at low costs, and a hydrogen generation system having such a burner.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner is set forth for providing combustion energy to a glass furnace via the mixing and combustion of a fuel stream and an oxidizer stream. The burner is divided into at least two sections, a substantially vertical section beginning at the bottom or feed end of the burner and a generally shorter, substantially horizontal section terminating at the opposite or discharge end of the burner. In a key embodiment, the vertical section of the burner protrudes into the furnace atmosphere through the underside of an air port, while the horizontal section is pointed toward the interior of the furnace. Depending on the number of burners installed, this allows from partial to full conversion of an air fuel furnace to an oxy-fuel furnace. Also, in a key embodiment, the burner includes an oxidant staging means to introduce oxidizer through a staging conduit running beneath and collateral with the outer conduit.

Abstract: Provided is a burner which includes a pipe having a free end region designed to be housed in a furnace quarl. The pipe includes one or more fuel feed ducts surrounded over part of their length by a sheath which defines an oxidizer feed channel and is fastened to a flange. A jacket is disposed around at least part of the length of the end region so as itself to be housed in the quarl and to define a feed channel for a second oxidizer between the jacket and the internal wall of the quarl. The jacket is fastened to a flange for securing to the quarl and the flange for the sheath is fastened to that for the jacket. The burner has particular applicability in industrial furnaces, especially for melting non-ferrous materials, for rehearing or for annealing.

Abstract: A lance system for lancing gas into a molten metal furnace wherein primary gas is passed into a furnace as a coherent jet enveloped in secondary gas provided into the furnace through a plurality of secondary openings communicating with respective secondary passages having restrictions within the lance set back from the lance face.

Abstract: A low emissions burner includes a diffusion burner surrounded by an annular array of premix burners. The diffusion burner operates at maximum swirl air flow and at a low constant fuel rate to reduce NOx emissions. The diffusion burner provides a stable swirling diffusion flame. An annular array of premix burners surrounds the diffusion burner and provides a non-swirling premix flame about the diffusion flame to advantageously provide a higher heat content about the periphery of the burner flame to facilitate industrial drying processes using the burner. The diffusion burner flame maintains the premixed flame stabilized. Water injection nozzles are provided each of the premix and diffusion burners.