Abstract: An oxygen enrichment system is provided which uses the existing air/fuel burners of a regenerative furnace to distribute additional oxygen to the burners for increased efficiency, and reduced nitrous oxide emissions. The centrally positioned cooling air lances in the burners of a regenerative furnace are modified to deliver oxygen when the burners are firing for oxygen enrichment. During the burner firing cycle, oxygen is delivered from an oxygen supply through the oxygen lance to provide a central oxygen jet. The fuel is delivered concentrically around the oxygen jet. During the non-firing cycle of the burner, cooling air or other cooling fluid is delivered from the cooling air supply through the oxygen jet for cooling the offside of the furnace.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner includes a pulverized coal nozzle for jetting a mixture of pulverized coal and primary air, a secondary air nozzle and a tertiary air nozzle, concentrically arranged around the outer periphery of the pulverized coal nozzle, and a tube expanded portion at the end of a partition wall separating two adjacent air nozzles. A flow shift means such as a guide plate for shifting the secondary air in the secondary air nozzle so as to flow along the tube expanded portion is provided. The secondary air is jetted outwardly by the guide plate, and mixing of the secondary air and the tertiary air with pulverized coals is delayed, whereby an amount of NOx is decreased.

Abstract: A low NOx gas combustor includes an air injection mechanism to create a combustion air path. A set of arc-shaped gas injector arrays are formed in an annular configuration. Each arc-shaped gas injector array injects an arc-shaped stream of gas that intersects with the combustion air path to produce a fuel rich flame segment that is separated from an adjacent fuel rich flame segment from an adjacent arc-shaped gas injector array by an air rich zone. The interaction between the fuel rich flame segment and the air rich zone results in low NOx combustion of the gas.

Abstract: Process for partial oxidation in a Claus furnace of at least one gas stream comprising hydrogen sulphide, comprising the steps of:(a) injecting at least one gas stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and at least one oxygen-enriched gas stream into the Claus furnace, wherein each of the streams is injected at a speed of injection which is substantially parallel,(b) controlling the speed of injection of the gas stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and the speed of injection of the oxygen-enriched gas stream such that the speeds have a ratio between 0.8 and 1.2.

Abstract: A pilot air passage, a pilot fuel passage and a main fuel passage are formed in a gun head for supplying pilot air and fuel. At least one of a flow amount detecting orifice, a flow amount adjusting needle valve and a pressure detecting plug is provided in each of the pilot air passage, the pilot fuel passage and the main fuel passage and is coupled to the gun head so as to be handled together with the gun head. A pilot air tube, a pilot fuel tube and a main fuel tube are constructed in the form of a triplet tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides dual-fuel burners for the oxidation of liquid and of gaseous fuel with air. A dual-fuel burner is provided with an atomizer nozzle which generates a divergent spray cone of liquid fuel, and with an annular atomizer lip as an impact member for the liquid fuel spray cone. The dual-fuel burner has a primary channel for a first air stream through the spray cone and the inside of the atomizer lip, and a secondary channel for a second air stream over the outside of the atomizer lip with a common, coaxial mouth at an atomizer edge thereof. A channel for the gaseous fuel leads into the inside of the atomizer lip between the primary and secondary channels and discharges into one or both of the primary and secondary channels upstream of the atomizer edge.

Abstract: The universal mixer device for mixing two gaseous fluids comprises an enclosure defining coaxial chambers, ducts opening out respectively into each of the chambers to feed them with two gases at medium pressure, and sonic nozzles each comprising a hollow converging-diverging body of revolution serving as seats for respective cone-shaped valve members. The valve member of one of the nozzles has an axial bore and defines the chambers at least in part. The other nozzle is disposed inside the axial bore. The hollow converging-diverging bodies of revolution occupy positions that are determined relative to the enclosure, and the valve members are mechanically linked to each other and are associated with a single actuator. The gases that have passed through the coaxial and geometrically similar nozzles flow into a common downstream chamber in which the gases mix with a predetermined mixing ratio determined by the dimensions of the nozzles.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner includes a refractory lined plate with a refractory side facing a combustion chamber. A multiplicity of combustion air passages extend through the plate toward the combustion chamber. A multiplicity of spaced-apart primary fuel nozzles each have a discharge opening being surrounded by one of the combustion air passages for directing fuel therethrough to mix with combustion air passing through the air passages. A multiplicity of anchor fuel nozzles project through the plate for directing fuel into the combustion chamber. The anchor fuel nozzles are spaced apart from each other and from the combustion air passages. The flows of fuel and combustion air through the primary and anchor nozzles and the air passages into the combustion chamber are controlled to generate a flame. In applications that require low excess air, such as boiler applications, the burner is modified by providing a secondary fuel and flue gas injection assembly to form a two-stage burner.

Abstract: An immersion tube burner having stable ignition and flame over a wide range of firing rates. The burner includes a restriction orifice located between the fan and the burner nozzle for minimizing pulsations of air pressure fluctuations between the fan and nozzle. The orifice is sized so that the air velocity is greater through the orifice than at the nozzle so that any such pulsations are directed downstream of the nozzle rather than upstream, where they can affect the flame. The burner includes a burner nozzle having a cone shaped mixing plate. The angled shape of the plate re-circulates hot gases towards the base of the flame to thereby ensure more consistent ignition and combustion. The mixing plate further has holes arranged in primary and secondary zones. The holes of the primary zone are located within approximately five times the diameter of the fuel outlet ports so that the fuel exiting such ports has sufficient velocity to optimize mixing.

Abstract: A burner for mixing and burning at least two combustion media, particularly combustion air and a poor gas as a combustible gas. The burner comprises several burner nozzles. Each burner nozzle comprises at least three mutually coaxially arranged tubes. The tubes are radially spaced from one another so as to form annular clearance ducts, through which the combustion media can be passed into a combustion chamber. The arrangement according to the invention permits a good mixing and burning of several gaseous combustion media.

Abstract: The operational life of a synthesis gas generation reactor burner nozzle is improved, at least about 14%, by a faired lip around the nozzle discharge orifice projecting about 0.95 cm from the nozzle end face. The lip is faired with a 45.degree. conical angle from the nozzle face. A smooth transition of recirculated gas flow across the nozzle face into the reactive material discharge column is believed to promote an attached static or laminar flowing boundary layer of cooled gas that insulates the nozzle face, to a degree, from the emissive heat of the combustion reaction.

Abstract: A gas fired burner is provided for use in applications such as chemical process furnaces for process heaters in refineries and chemical plants, and the like. The burner is provided with a plurality of fuel gas inlets for enabling manipulation of the flame shape and combustion characteristics of the burner, based upon variation in the distribution of fuel gas between the various fuel gas inlets.A combination pilot and flame holder for a burner, such as may be used in process heaters and furnaces for refineries, chemical plants and the like, is also provided. The pilot is mounted atop a supply pipe for premixed fuel and air, which is positioned in the bore of a burner quarl. The pilot includes a radially outwardly extending flange which is upstream of a surface combustion flame holder for establishing a radially directed surface combustion flame.The present invention also provides a low-emissions burner and pilot system for use in such process heaters and furnaces.

Abstract: A burner assembly in which an inlet is provided for receiving a mixture of particulate fuel and air, an outlet extending at an angle to the axis of said inlet. A passage connects the inlet and the outlet for passing a portion of the mixture directly from the inlet to the outlet, and a chamber communicates with the inlet for receiving a second portion of the mixture. The chamber is constructed and arranged to swirl the second mixture portion and direct it towards the passage for passing to the outlet. As a result, particle fracture and friction losses are minimized and the burner assembly can operate at relatively low pressures.A burner section communicates with the inlet section and includes an inlet for receiving the fuel-air mixture from the outlet of the inlet section, and an outlet for discharging the mixture into a furnace.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of coal dust in which a stream of primary air and coal dust mixture is conducted through a dust conduit connected to a primary dust tube. A secondary air tube surrounds the primary dust tube, and a tertiary air tube surrounds the secondary air tube. The secondary and tertiary air tubes are connected to a helically-shaped input housing, and a conically flared section extends from each of the secondary and tertiary air tubes. An angular momentum is applied in the dust conduit divides the primary air and coal dust mixture into high-dust and low-dust partial streams, so that the high-dust partial stream flows through the primary dust tube, and the low-dust partial stream flows through the primary gas tube.

Abstract: A burner apparatus having a burner tube in which is disposed a premixing tube having air communication with the air inlet end of the burner tube. An air diffuser bridges between the premixing tube and the burner tube. A baffle plate is supported by and seals across one end of the premixing tube and a plurality of gas/air mixture injection holes are dispersed in the premixing tube between the air diffuser plate and the baffle plate. A gas tube extends into the premixing tube and a plurality of gas holes are disposed along the gas tube in proximity to the discharge end of the gas tube so that air is premixed with gas and discharged from the gas holes to form a gas/air mixture which is passed from the gas/air mixture injection holes radially between the baffle plate and an air diffuser plate.

Abstract: A method for effecting control over a radially stratified flame core burner that is particularly suited for employment in a firing system of a fossil fuel-fired furnace for purposes of reducing the NO.sub.X emissions from the fossil fuel-fired furnace. The subject method for effecting control over a radially stratified flame core burner enables the foregoing to be accomplished while yet at the same time minimizing CO emissions and the opacity of the exhaust from the stack of the fossil fuel-fired furnace without extending the envelope of the flame produced by the radially stratified flame core burner.

Abstract: A combustion type detoxifying apparatus which carries out detoxifying treatment of a raw gas containing toxic components injected through a burner (3) into a combustion chamber (1) by allowing the toxic components to burn or undergo pyrolysis. The burner (3) has a raw gas nozzle (32a) for injecting the raw gas, a lift gas nozzle (32b) for injecting an inert gas, a raw gas combustion assisting gas nozzle (32c) for injecting a gas for assisting combustion of combustible components in the raw gas, a fuel gas combustion assisting gas nozzle (32d) for injecting a gas for assisting combustion of the fuel gas and a fuel gas nozzle (32e) for injecting the fuel gas.

Abstract: The water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature melting point material. The heat shield element is secured to the water jacket face by means of six, for example, radially aligned bayonet mounts. Along each of the radial mounting lines, a pair of radially aligned posts project from the water jacket face. Blind sockets in the heat shield back side surface are aligned to receive the posts therein. Radial bayonet channels between the heat shield face side and backside surfaces connect the inner outer heat shield perimeters through the posts and post sockets. Bayonet wires through the bayonet channels secure the heat shield position relative to the water jacket face.

Abstract: The water jacket face of a burner nozzle for a synthesis gas generator is protected from hot gas corrosion by an annular heat shield of high temperature melting point material. The shield material is formed into two ceramic rings that face or cover the nozzle water jacket face. A circular joint between the outer perimeter of an interior shield annulus is stepped to provide a protective lap with the interior perimeter of an exterior shield annulus. The interior ceramic ring is secured in place around the burner nozzle orifice by external lugs projecting radially from the nozzle extruder lip. A second set of external lugs is provided around the outer perimeter of the water jacket face. Internal sectors within a perimeter cuff bracket secure the outer ceramic ring to the water jacket face.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burner is provided with a central fuel outlet having a generally divergent conical inner surface, formed of two contiguous divergent conical surfaces of different angles of divergence, and a plurality of oxygen outlets shaped and positioned for creating a converging, rotating stream of oxygen which intersects with any liquid fuel issuing from the fuel outlet. Such oxygen/fuel interaction results in two zones of combustion and a recirculation effect which assists in the complete or substantially complete combustion of undesirable exhaust gas components. The oxygen and fuel are preferably supplied such that their velocities are approximately equal at the point at which the two zones of combustion meet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for establishing a stable pilot flame at a wide range of operating conditions, having a main fuel tube, an outer tube concentrically enclosing the main fuel tube, a swirler located downstream from the outer tube, an ignitor, and several fuel manifold tubes connected to the main fuel tube, are disclosed. The fuel manifold tubes direct a portion of the pilot gas fuel stream radially outward from the remainder of the pilot fuel. The axial momentum of the radially displaced fuel stream is greater than the average axial momentum of the remainder of the pilot gas streams. This relationship between the axial momenta of the gas steams promotes flame recirculation and stabilizes the pilot flame over a wide range of operating conditions.

Abstract: A process for the combustive destruction of noxious substances from a gas stream in which the gas stream and added fuel gas as a mixture into a combustion zone that is surrounded by an exit surface of a foraminous gas burner. A fuel gas and air/oxygen mixture are simultaneously supplied to the foraminous gas burner to effect combustion at the exit surface. The resulting combustion product stream is discharged from the combustion zone. The oxygen is added to the gas stream and the fuel gas prior to the introduction of the mixture to the combustion zone and the oxygen/fuel gas mixture burns at the point of injection.

Abstract: A burner nozzle having stable ignition and flame over a wide range of firing rates. The nozzle has a mixing plate which has air holes arranged in separate primary and secondary zones. The holes of the primary zone are located within approximately five times the diameter of fuel outlet ports so that the fuel exiting such ports has sufficient velocity to optimize mixing. The holes in the secondary zone are located farther away from the ports so that complete mixing takes place downstream of the nozzle. As a result, the present invention provides a burner nozzle with improved flame stability during ignition and operation and improved control over the amount of immediate and downstream combustion. The division of the mixing plate into primary and secondary zones further provides increased control over the amount of immediate and downstream combustion taking place.

Abstract: A system and method for protecting a nozzle that injects a high velocity main gas into a furnace or combustion zone. The nozzle is located in a passage recessed from the exit port opening of the passage which communicates with the combustion zone. Purge gas is passed into the passage upstream of the nozzle. The volume of the purge gas exceeds 50% of the total volume of the main gas and purge gas and the purge gas has a velocity of at least 100 ft/sec thereby preventing furnace gases from entering the passage and attacking the nozzle.

Abstract: A gas burner has an air delivery channel connected to a combustion chamber by a deflection element for deflecting the gas stream from the air delivery channel into the combustion chamber. The gas burner has an arrangement that will reduce the gas stream on the outside of the combustion chamber that is at a greater distance from the air delivery channel with reference to the flow direction in the air delivery channel in a section along a plane of the angle between the direction of the gas stream in the combustion chamber and the direction of the gas stream in the air delivery channel in favor of the gas stream on the inside of the combustion chamber that lies closer to the air delivery channel along the plane so that the gas stream in the combustion chamber is made more uniform with reference to the cross-section extending perpendicular to the direction of the gas stream in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A dual oxidant burner having an inner conduit with a passage communicating with a source of fuel, an outer conduit over the inner conduit and an intermediate conduit between the inner and outer conduits. The three conduits form an inner passage between the inner and intermediate conduits communicating with a source of oxygen, and an outer passage between the intermediate and outer conduits communicating with a source of air. The fuel and the two oxidants are mixed in a furnace or other combustion zone beyond the outlet of the nozzle and the two passages and their flow amounts are individually adjusted to establish the burner flame.

Abstract: A burner is provided with a central fuel outlet and a plurality of oxygen outlets shaped and positioned for creating a converging, rotating stream of oxygen which intersects with any fuel issuing from the fuel outlet. Such oxygen/fuel interaction results in two zones of combustion and a recirculation effect which assists in the complete or substantially complete combustion of undesirable exhaust gas components.

Abstract: A burner is provided for a furnace having at least one windbox that is supplied with air for combustion and has extending therethrough at least one such burner, which opens out toward the combustion chamber. The burner has at least one primary air channel, which is supplied from the outside with a coal dust/air mixture, at least one secondary air channel, which surrounds the primary air channel, and at least one tertiary air channel, which surrounds the secondary air channel. The secondary and tertiary air channels can be supplied with air from the windbox in a regulated manner. Along a rotationally symmetrical portion of an outer surface of each of the secondary and tertiary air channels there is respectively provided at least one air inlet opening. Respective annular valve sections are rotatably disposed about one of the rotationally symmetrical portions of the secondary and tertiary air channels.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reducing NOx production during air-oxygen-fuel combustion by providing a central core of fuel surrounded by a sheath of oxygen at a combustion end of an air-oxygen-fuel burner. Diametrically opposed air passages are provided on either side of the oxygen sheath to permit entrainment of furnace gases into a flame zone created by primary combustion of fuel and oxygen. Oxygen can be introduced into each air passage to enhance combustion with low NOx emissions.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for reconfiguring a burner assembly having an air register, a central burner tip adapted to burn fuel oil, and a plurality of peripheral burner tips adapted to burn a combustion gas. The method is directed to such burner assemblies wherein substantially all of the combustion oxygen is provided by air directed into the air register. The method comprises the steps of replacing the oil-burning central tip with a gas-burning central tip and connecting the central tip to a source of combustion gas. The invention further provides a burner assembly having characteristics of the reconfigured burner assembly prepared from the method of the invention, namely a burner assembly having: an air register, a central burner tip and a plurality of peripheral burner tips, wherein the central burner tip is connected to a combustion gas conduit which has an eductor for drawing combustion oxygen into the central burner tip from a location outside the air register.

Abstract: A burner is provided with a burner block having a recess formed in the back thereof for receiving a fuel atomiser and a plurality of oxygen inlets for creating a converging cone of oxygen for intersection with any fuel issuing from the atomiser. Such an arrangement also provides a protective wall for protecting the atomiser from the harsh environment to which the burner is exposed and simplifies the oxygen supply arrangements.

Abstract: A furnace gas injection apparatus and process for delivering gaseous fuel to a furnace at a compound angle wherein one angle .alpha. of the compound angle is directed outwardly from the furnace burner centerline at an angle of between 75.degree. and 120.degree. to a line extending radially from the furnace burner centerline to the gas discharge openings of the gas injection means.

Abstract: In a burner (1) for a heat generator, having a throughflow passage (3) for the throughflow of a combustion-air flow (12), a hentral main fuel lance (5) acts inside the said throughflow passage (3). A number of mixing elements (6) are arranged in an annular manner around this main fuel lance (5), and the remaining annular throughflow cross section is covered concentrically hereto by swirl generators. The mixing elements (6) are fed with a fuel (13a) and a partial combustion-air quantity (12a). The mode of operation of these mixing elements (6) corresponds to that of a pilot stage, whereby the flame stability is increased, while the NOx emissions remain at a low level.

Abstract: A nozzle which includes a nozzle body, a central tube contained within the nozzle body for a flow of gas at a temperature less than the temperature of the nozzle body, and an annular passage, located between the nozzle body and central tube, for a flow of gas at a velocity less than the flow of gas in the central tube and less than about 100 ft/sec. enabling the nozzle to operate at elevated temperatures and avoid condensation thereon of vapors from the surrounding gas environment.

Abstract: A burner having lower emissions and lower unburned fuel losses by implementing a transition zone in a low NO.sub.x burner. The improved burner includes a pulverized fuel transport nozzle surrounded by the transition zone which shields the central oxygen-lean fuel devolatilization zone from the swirling secondary combustion air. The transition zone acts as a buffer between the primary and the secondary air streams to improve the control of near-burner mixing and flame stability by providing limited recirculation regions between primary and secondary air streams. These limited recirculation regions transport evolved NO.sub.x back towards the oxygen-lean fuel pyrolysis zone for reduction to molecular nitrogen. Alternate embodiments include natural gas and fuel oil firing.

Abstract: A burner for combustion of a pulverized coal mixture having two kinds of rich and lean concentration has a height of a burner panel reduced and the overall burner simplified. A rich/lean separator (10, 20, 30) is provided within a pulverized coal conduit (2) so that a high concentration mixture is formed in an outer peripheral portion and a low concentration mixture is formed in a central portion within a single pulverized coal conduit. Thus, a rich mixture burner and a lean mixture burner, which have been conventionally provided separately, may be formed into a single burner. Recirculation of air is accelerated by a cutaway slit (20d, 30d) provided in a central portion of the rich/lean separator to make the air flow rate distribution uniform in a pulverized coal nozzle. Also, a duct and an air blow box for the combustion air to be supplied to the pulverized coal flame are not integrally formed continuous in the height direction, but are divided into a plurality of discontinuous units.

Abstract: A system for producing a coherent jet of gas wherein a flame envelope is established around a gas jet and directed toward the center axis of the gas jet.

Abstract: A surface burner which combusts a gas and oxygen mixture uses a tri-laminar delivery of the oxygen and fuel gas to the burner face with individual control over the flow of each gas. The structure of the laminar flow at the burner face includes an oxygen jet at the center, a surrounding fuel gas jet, and a third jet means for the delivery of an oxygen flow which surrounds the flow of the other gases. Each of the three flows is individually adjustable so that the most efficient combination of combustion gases is selected to achieve the desired resultant flame characteristics. The body of the burner is cooled by a circumferential oxygen delivery chamber which is bounded by the inside surface of the outer wall of the burner body. The internal structure of the burner includes separate gas delivery chambers constructed by using stacked chamber-separated plates spaced apart and positioned within the cylindrical burner body. Individual tubing carries the gases between the individual chambers and the burner face.

Abstract: In a method and a device for burning fuels in a combustion air main stream, the combustion air is passed in a channel over at least one deltoid body. The deltoid body consists of at least one essentially triangular vortex generator area and a downstream, trapezoid flame stabilizer area. In the region of the vortex generator area, fuel is introduced into the turbulent combustion air. The vortex generator area is set via a half sweep angle and an angle of attack relative to the main stream in such a way that the spin of the longitudinal vortexes induced in the main stream is smaller than the critical spin for generating a recirculation zone. The flame stabilization area is set via a half sweep angle and an angle of attack relative to the stream in such a way that the spin of the longitudinal vortexes induced in the stream is greater than the critical spin, so that for each deltoid body, a pair of concave recirculation zones is generated, and the ignited combustion air-fuel mixture is stabilized.

Abstract: In an airblast atomizer nozzle (2) for the operation of a burner (1) operated with liquid and gaseous fuels (4, 6) the intermediate wall (18) between the inner (14) and outer (13) air duct is held via inner and outer support elements (21) which have a sliding fit (28) and which can be designed as swirl vanes. The atomizer edges (19) of the airblast nozzle (2) are angled in the direction of the nozzle axis (11). The nozzle is distinguished by small dimensions, a low pressure loss and a negligible tendency to coking.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of fuel and air in an industrial furnace, for use in connection with preheated combustion air, is provided having an equal number of evenly spaced air jets and fuel jets. The air jets and fuel jets are discharged so that they initially diverge away from one another, but eventually, the fuel jets are entrained by the air jets. During the course of their trajectories, before meeting, the air jets and fuel jets entrain resident furnace gases which results in heavy dilution of the fuel and air before combustion. The dilution causes off-stoichiometric combustion conditions and results in a lower flame temperature. This is similar in effect to external flue gas recirculation. As well, the fuel jets undergo pyrolysis in the course of their trajectories before entrainment occurs. This creates a reducing zone in which the NOx in the resident furnace gases being entrained is reduced, in part, back to molecular nitrogen.

Abstract: A burner configuration includes at least one processing jet nozzle and at least one further burner nozzle having mixing characteristics different from the processing jet nozzle. A means is preferably provided to control the proportions of fuel flow to the nozzles. The nozzles of the set are in sufficient proximity that a combined flame of the burner configuration can be determined or controlled by setting or varying the relative flows of fuel to the nozzle of the set.

Abstract: A fuel injector for use in a furnace is provided. The fuel injector may include a generally tapered configuration and a nozzle having a plurality of open sections, which preferably have an elliptical configuration, arranged at the output for providing rich segregated fuel streams.

Abstract: In a method for reducing NOx in the flue gas a coal water slurry is injected into the furnace above the primary combustion zone into a region having a temperature from 1800.degree. F. to 2700.degree. F. The slurry is preferably injected through atomizers and through injectors that introduce a continuous stream. Lime, ammonia, urea and completion air can also be injected.

Abstract: An oxy-fuel burner according to the present invention includes an outer oxidant tube, an intermediate fuel tube and an inner oxidant tube which are coaxially arranged with the fuel tube disposed between the inner and outer oxidant tubes. Characteristics of the flame produced by the burner may be controlled by varying the relative flow rates of the inner and outer oxidant flows. An increase in the percentage of the total oxidant which is provided to the inner oxidant tube causes the length and luminosity of the flame to decrease and the flame momentum to increase. According to the present invention, the characteristics of a burner flame can be tailored to a particular application without requiring mechanical modification of the burner.

Abstract: In a premix burner (18) having axial or radial air inflow, in which premix burner (18) the combustion air (15) flows out of a plenum (27), arranged before or around the burner (18), into the burner (18) and fuel (12, 13) is mixed with it on the way through the burner (18), a perforated component (24) having a wall thickness (s) and openings (25) of in each case a diameter (d) and at a distance (t) apart is arranged between the plenum (27) and the burner (18), which component (24) splits the combustion air (15) flowing through into small defined jets which reunite after a certain running length (l), the ratio of wall thickness (s) to the diameter (d) of the openings (25) being greater than/equal to one, and the ratio between the through-flow area of the component (24) and the possible inflow area to the burner (18) being greater than/equal to one as a function of the type of burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for injecting fuel and oxidant into a combustion burner. At a fuel exit plane of a fuel discharge nozzle, fuel is discharged in a generally planar fuel layer which has an upper boundary and a lower boundary. At an oxidant exit plane, oxidant is preferably discharged in both a top layer along the upper boundary of the fuel layer and a bottom layer along the lower boundary of the fuel layer. In a downstream flow direction, the fuel and oxidant preferably converge in a generally vertical plane and diverge in a generally horizontal plane. The discharged fuel and oxidant form a fishtail or fan-shaped flame configuration. The fuel exit plane can be moved upstream or downstream with respect to the oxidant exit plane to vary the flame characteristics and the flame shape. A refractory manifold can be used to further enhance the fishtail or fan-shaped flame configuration.

Abstract: A process and diluent injection burner apparatus is provided which is capable of reducing the nitrogen oxide content in a combustion effluent, the diluent injection burner assembly provided with a burner head having an air flow passage extending therethrough and primary and secondary fuel dispensing nozzles supported within the airflow passageway and adapted to inject fuel into a peripheral downstream end portion of the burner head. A diluent manifold assembly is supported by the burner head such that upon combustion of the fuel diluent is tangentially injected into the peripheral downstream end portion of the burner head relative to a flame envelope produced by ignition of the primary and secondary fuel so that a diluent shroud is formed about a base portion of the flame envelope.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing NO.sub.x emissions in a gas burner in which the burner includes a burner supply for supplying fuel gas and primary air to the furnace and projecting the fuel gas into the furnace, a secondary air supply for supplying secondary air to the burner, and a recirculating device for mixing the secondary air with the spent gases inside the furnace, which is then recirculated and combusted to reduce NO.sub.x gases. The method of the invention includes the steps of supplying fuel gas and primary air to the furnace, projecting the fuel gas into the furnace, combusting the fuel gas and primary gas to produce spent gases, supplying secondary air to the furnace, mixing the secondary air with the spent gases inside the furnace to produce diluted air, and recirculating and combusting the diluted air with the fuel gas and primary air to reduce NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: A combination burner which uses primary and secondary fuel injection and improves liquid propane combustion. The burner supplies primary air, while secondary air is swirled to shape and mix the flame when the burner is firing "on oil". When the burner is firing "on gas", primary air enters the burner through an annulus at the atomizing air pipe or conduit so as to have the primary gas enter that pipe; secondary gas is injected radially into the air stream at a downstream location relative to an atomizing nozzle. In using liquid propane (butane) to fire the burner, two stage fuel injection is used, with a stream of fuel being injected upstream and toward the burner centerline and another stream of fuel being injected downstream and outwardly away from the burner centerline.