Abstract: The resonance atomizer (4) of the burner facility has, as main components, a resonator ring (16) and a resonator cone (23), which each have an annular groove (25+24, respectively), which together form a resonance chamber (24+25). By a plurality of spacer strips (26) on the resonator ring (16), the resonator ring (16) and the resonator cone (23) are held apart by a distance which creates an annular inflow duct (27) for the oil/atomizing air mixture and outflow ducts (28) on the combustion space side for this mixture atomized in the resonance chamber (24+25). Between the components (16, 23) forming the resonator chamber (24+25) and the oil nozzle (7) there is an atomizing cross (17) with a baffle plate (19).

Abstract: An improved burner for the combustion of coal, oil or gas places a plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements in close proximity to the outlet end of a tubular burner nozzle of the burner which are shielded from combustion air provided around the tubular burner nozzle by a flame stabilizing ring having a plurality of openings adapted to closely receive each of the plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements. Eddies produced by the flame stabilizing ring create a low oxygen/fuel rich flame resulting in reduced NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: A swirl generator is provided in a combustion chamber of a furnace or the like which serves to discharge a stream of secondary combustion medium into the combustion chamber along a path which extends circumferentially of the flame of the primary combustion burner so as to induce a rotary mixing action in the primary combustion chamber which will serve to contain the primary combustion flame in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A burner and method is disclosed in which a first oxidizing gas containing a high oxygen concentration is injected as a stream into the central zone of combustion tunnel, and part of the fuel is injected into said central pyrolysis zone to mix with said first oxidizing gas to create a highly luminous, high temperature flame core containing microparticles of carbon of the proper size for maximum luminosity and high temperature, and a relatively small amount of hydrocarbon radicals. In addition, the remaining part of the fuel is injected in a plurality of streams about said flame core to mix with a second oxidizing gas containing a lower oxygen concentration than the first oxidizing gas and injecting said second oxidizing mixture about said flame core and said remaining fuel flow to mix with said remaining fuel flow. This creates a plurality of fuel lean flames which are directed toward said luminous flame core to form a final flame pattern having high temperature, high luminosity and low NO.sub.x content.

Abstract: An improved nozzle-mixing burner apparatus is disclosed. Combustion air pressure is sensed at a control which is connected to a drive rod. Movement of the drive rod opens or closes fuel and air nozzle valves to maintain the ratio of combustion air and fuel over a wide range of flow rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fuel in an annular-nozzle burner wherein a compact flame is generated by inhibiting the dispersion of fuel particles and concentrating the fuel particles in a primary combustion area having a high rate of radiant heat transfer between the fuel particles by maintaining a sufficiently high velocity of the fuel particles and causing them to undergo essentially linear flow in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fuel in an annular-nozzle burner wherein a compact flame is generated by inhibiting the dispersion of fuel particles and concentrating the fuel particles in a primary combustion area having a high rate of radiant heat transfer between the fuel particles by maintaining a sufficiently high velocity of the fuel particles and causing them to undergo esentially linear flow in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the burner.

Abstract: A device for the combustion of fluid materials, especially particulate (i powdered or granular) solid fuels, suspended in a fluid medium, for example coal suspended in water, with a nozzle and a combustion chamber. The nozzle is located in a precombustion chamber opening into the combustion chamber, and the device directs a minor part of the combustion air to the region of the orifice of the nozzle in the precombustion chamber, and a major part of the combustion air to the region of the mouth of the precombustion chamber where it opens into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for burning liquid and/or solid fuels, especially coal or the like, in pulverized form, the latter either in dry condition or mixed with a carrier liquid such as water and/or oil to form an emulsion being introduced together with the fuel into a combustion chamber to create a spray cone which opens approximately conically, said spray cone being bounded by an external, optionally rotating flow of air. In order to form minute fuel particles immediately downstream of the fuel inlet, the latter is constituted by a central port which is defined by a continuous knife edge. Furthermore, an approximately radially directed air inlet port is associated with said central port on the side remote from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A gas burner comprises a ceramic tube through which a gaseous fuel flows, a chamber surrounding the ceramic tube, and means for delivering preheated combustion air to the chamber. There is a venturi around the tip of the ceramic tube, angled with respect to the tube, through which the preheated combustion air flows. The venturi enhances mixing of the air with the gaseous fuel forward of the tip of the ceramic tube.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flame retention burner apparatus and method of using same which can be mounted in various heat exchange apparatus and operable to efficiently and effectively achieve the diffusion and atomization of air and fuel particles for a high efficiency burning process. The flame retention burner apparatus includes a combustion head assembly having a (1) a main combustion chamber housing; (2) an inlet fuel and air diffuser assembly to initially cause agitation of fuel and air being admitted thereto; (3) a retention plate and cylinder assembly mounted within the inlet fuel and air diffuser assembly to achieve further agitation of the air particles; and (4) an air and fuel diffuser assembly operable to diffuse the inlet air particles in a new and novel manner and also to inject a liquid fuel when in that particular fuel type usage mode.

Abstract: A gas burner assembly supported in an opening in a furnace wall has injected gas and/or air flowing through an inner burner tube then outwardly through a plurality of openings for burning along the surface of a wall thus providing a near uniform radiant heat energy to the furnace. A flow divider positioned opposite the openings divides the flowing gas and/or air to improve distribution, and retard flashback in the event of variations in fuel-air mixture and/or flow.

Abstract: A burner and method enabling operation of a post-mixed burner having radially spaced fuel and main oxidant injection points with a stable flame without the need of a separate oxidant annulus proximate the fuel stream characterized by defined relationships enabling passing stabilizing oxidant from the main oxidant stream into the fuel stream upstream of their injection into the combustion zone wherein the stabilizing oxidant velocity decreases from that of the main oxidant and the stabilizing oxidant passage flow area increases at the fuel stream communication with respect to an upstream restriction.

Abstract: The high-temperature burner assembly of the present invention includes an oxygen containing nozzle body which has a gas conduit insert disposed therein. The gas conduit insert includes a gas conduit insert tip which has a substantially flat exterior tip face with a frusto-conical shaped prominence disposed thereon and protruding from the tip face. The gas conduit insert tip includes a centrally disposed gas channel terminating at the proximal end of the frusto-conical shaped prominence to form a knife edge to provide reduced available surface for accumulation of carbon and for briefly delaying the combustion. An oxygen expelling orifice is concentrically disposed about the frusto-conical shaped prominence for directing oxygen therefrom to mix with the gaseous fuel for combustion within a refractory burner block.

Abstract: A process for thermally converting components of gas currents contaminating the environment and equipment for performing the process. Combustion serving for the primary heat production is performed in the gas current to be converted thermically and in a plurality of places in proper distribution. In such a manner, gas currents next to the flames produced in the course of combustion are heated to high temperatures and by utilizing the secondary heat quantity arising in the course of the thermic conversion taking place quickly in the vicinity of the flames, the process of thermal conversion is further accelerated.

Abstract: A combustion device for combustion of a gaseous fuel with air is provided with means for supplying gas automatically at a mass flow rate corresponding to a mass flow of air governed by the demand of heat. The gas is supplied at a pressure slightly above atmospheric pressure to an ejector using preheated primary air as a carrying medium. The ejector is mounted in a flow path in series with and after a blower, a recuperative preheater and a swirl device but prior to a system of heater tubes and the exhaust passages of the preheater.

Abstract: A gas burner comprises a ceramic tube through which a gaseous fuel flows, a chamber surrounding the ceramic tube, and means for delivering preheated combustion air to the chamber. There is a venturi around the tip of the ceramic tube, angled with respect to the tube, through which the preheated combustion air flows. The venturi enhances mixing of the air with the gaseous fuel forward of the tip of the ceramic tube.

Abstract: A burn nozzle for mixing petroleum products to be burned and air in which air is injected into the petroleum stream leaving a nozzle from an air can which is spaced from the nozzle and its petroleum product supply line such that any leakage from the oil supply line is into a space between the line and the air can and the petroleum products cannot be forced under pressure into the air can. The air can may be provided with a slip joint to accommodate unequal heating of the air can. The free end of the oil conduit and its outlet chamber may be smaller in diameter than the oil can and be threaded to the remainder of the oil conduit to permit its ready removal and replacement.

Abstract: A burner which can be used to dispose of heavy crude waste oil and petroleum products contaminated with drilling mud. The burner includes a nozzle assembly which internally mixes atomizing fluid with the primary fluid being disposed of by the burner. If desired, secondary fluid can be injected into the nozzle assembly to improve the combustion of primary fluid. In the alternative, secondary fluid can be injected into the compound mixture of atomizing fluid and primary fluid exterior to the nozzle assembly.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus having a burner and a heat exchanger wherein between a hollow cylinder provided with an end wall and a concentric insert there is formed an annular gap which is free from integers and in which the combustion gases flow from the burner to the outlet. The object is to provide apparatus which permits a starting phase with a pure flame and without pulsations and wherein at the same time the lower power limit can be considerably reduced. This object is achieved by providing in the end of the insert facing the end wall with an annular end wall and a central burner for gasified liquid or gaseous fuel centrally disposed in the insert. A burner having a heatable central fuel preparing chamber and a passage system for the air of combustion with a concentric mouth, and a burner tube as an extension of the insert terminates at a spacing from the end wall of the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: A dual fuel burner for a furnace having a tubular housing with upstream and downstream ends and a coaxially disposed ignition chamber terminating in a discharge opening at the downstream end of the housing. A high volatility fuel is ignited within the ignition chamber and the resulting flame passes through the discharge opening. A plurality of pulverized solid fuel conduits surround the ignition chamber and extend from the upstream end to the downstream end of the housing where they discharge the fuel in close proximity to the discharge opening of the ignition chamber. An air intake supplies air to the downstream end of the housing, and a bulkhead is disposed between the air intake and the upstream end of the housing preventing air from flowing towards the upstream end. The air flowing through the downstream end flows out of the housing in a generally annular pattern between the flame issuing from the discharge opening and the solid fuel discharged from the conduits.

Abstract: A method and burner tip for suppressing the production of oxides of nitrogen when burning a fuel in a combustion chamber containing a flame zone are described. The burner tip comprises at least one port for introducing fuel into the combustion zone and at least one port for introducing a control gas into the combustion zone, where both the fuel and control gas are introduced substantially perpendicular to the direction of introduction of combustion gas into the combustion zone. The ports are laterally spaced apart from each other. The control gas is used for controlled localized quenching of the flame zone and/or for controlled atomization of the fuel in the case of the liquid fuel to reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). By proper selection of the size and location of the fuel and control gas ports, and the quantity and velocity of the fuel and control gas introduced into the combustion zone, a stable flame with minimal emission of oxides of nitrogen can be obtained.

Abstract: A powdered coal burner used for directly heating an object to be heated, particularly iron scrap, in a heating vessel. The burner is composed of an oxygen nozzle, a powdered coal nozzle, an air nozzle, disposed concentrically from the center, and a cone which is provided at the end of the opening part of the oxygen nozzle in such a way as to disperse oxygen in a radial direction and burn powdered coal. The burner burns with shortened length of flame, and temperature of the flame is not excessively high.

Abstract: A burner for burning a pulverulent fuel has a divergent burner quarl at the narrow end of which a pressure liquid or compressed air burner for combustion-assisting gaseous or liquid fuel opens. The feed means for the pulverulent fuel comprise a number of separate discharge passages which are arranged in a ring and which open in the divergent wall portion of the burner quarl at a distance from both the burner nozzle and the inlet for secondary or main combustion air and which are directed obliquely inwardly towards the axis of the burner and are spaced from each other a distance which substantially exceeds the extension of each outlet of the discharge passage along said ring.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combusting fuel-air mixtures while inhibiting the formation of nitrogen oxides are provided. The fuel is discharged from one or more nozzles disposed within a housing, air is caused to flow into the housing whereby it mixes with the fuel and the resulting fuel-air mixture is ignited and combusted. The nozzle or nozzles each include one or more ignition orifices for discharging a first portion of fuel in an ignition zone, one or more primary combustion orifices for discharging a second portion of fuel in a primary combustion zone containing excess air and one or more secondary combustion orifices arranged for discharging the remaining portion of fuel in the form of high velocity jets shielded by slower moving fuel within the downstream of the primary combustion zone whereby the fuel is burned in a secondary combustion zone substantially isolated from direct contact with incoming air by the primary combustion zone.

Abstract: A burner for gaseous or liquid fuel for heating furnaces includes a ceramic combustion chamber (20) for incomplete combustion of the fuel with primary air from which hot gases exit at high velocity through a constricted outlet (24). The combustion chamber is surrounded by a chamber (42) for the preheated remainder air necessary to complete combustion. Out of this chamber high velocity jets of air issue through nozzle openings encircling the combustion chamber outlet. Energy is saved and simple construction maintained by providing a tubular heat recuperator (4, 7, 9) rearwardly of the combustion chamber in which a cylindrical wall of temperature resistant steel passes to separate the recuperator into two annular chambers (10,11) and extends forward over a large part of the axial length of the combustion chamber so as to form an outer boundary of the remainder air chamber.

Abstract: A high velocity oxygen fuel burner (10) includes a combustor assembly (11) mounted in a graphite block (12), with the burner mounted in a water jacket (18) of a furnace. The combustor assembly includes a combustion chamber (48) that receives a stream of oxygen along its center axis (51). The fuel moves from fuel barrel (32) through fuel passages (50), with a portion of the fuel being diverted into the combustion chamber (48) by the annular fuel diverter ring (52) and with the rest of the fuel moving on through the fuel extension passages (50b) and through nozzle ring (34). The nozzle ring directs the fuel into the flame as it emerges from the combustion chamber, so that the fuel from the nozzle has a cooling effect at the exposed end of the burner and tends to develop the flame in an annular ring about the stream of high velocity oxygen that is directed toward the work product in the furnace.

Abstract: A burner for the operation of premixing burners, with gaseous fuels or vaporized fuels for the production in a mixer pipe of a homogeneous mixture comprising the fuel, the quantity of combustion air required for the complete combustion of the fuel and additional cooling gas as needed for combustion between 1,100.degree. and 1,700.degree. C. This mixture flows to a burner head with a widening cross-section and a burner plate at the wide end where it is burnt at a central main flame bore arranged at the burner plate and several surrounding support flame bores. The flames then pass through a converging burner mouth and a downstream flame guard which protects the flames against the entrance of air or flue gas from the environment, against cooling and against heating until the completion of combustion. The burner mouth and the flame guard are coated by a non-catalytic material.

Abstract: Various embodiments of apparatus and methods are disclosed for the conversion of steam boilers from being oil fired to coal and natural gas fired without adversely affecting the normal power density of the boilers or the emission pollution therefrom. In some cases even the resultant coal ash can be modified by injecting a powdered catalyst or phosphate slimes into the flame to produce a fertilizer ash having desirable minerals to enhance the economic value thereof.Basically all embodiments include a swirling coal-air mixture directed along a path to form a sheath and a swirling gas-air mixture internally thereof with the swirling of the latter being in the same direction and fortifying the motion of the former. A gas-air mixture, swirling or non-swirling, may be supplied outwardly of such sheath to enhance the more complete burning of the coal-air mixture.

Abstract: A swirl-type internal flame recirculation burner as used to fire asphalt plant aggregate dryers, air heaters and calcining kilns and method includes an atomizer assembly for swirling primary air in two concentric streams with the inner stream swirling more rapidly than the outer stream. Fuel oil is blast atomized in a continuous sheet into the inner stream without prefilming and then is shear atomized as the inner and outer streams violently intermix. The burning and swirling fuel and primary air mixture recirculates upstream along the burner axis. Secondary air is swirled in the same direction as the primary air and surrounds the primary air stream to promote further mixing and internal recirculation. A metal frustro-conical flame holder surrounds the burner head to stabilize and shape the recirculation flame and shield low-burn flames from tertiary air. The swirl of the secondary air is also adjusted to shape the flame. The burner may also be fired on gas or a combination of gas and oil.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for firing a furnace using oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as the oxidant gas, comprising injection into the furnace of a plurality of oxidant jets, through nozzles, in a spaced relationship to a fuel jet, at a velocity sufficient to cause aspiration of furnace gases into the oxidant jets before the latter mix with the fuel jet, in amounts sufficient to lower flame temperature.

Abstract: A method for reducing nitric oxide emissions from a gaseous fuel combustor includes introducing a combustion gas containing nitrogen and oxygen, such as air, into a combustion chamber and introducing a fuel gas into the same chamber. A cooling gas, such as steam, is interleaved between the combustion gas and the fuel gas substantially at the point where they are introduced into the chamber. The concentration of cooling gas in the flame front is maximized by this method, resulting in a lower temperature for the flame front and, correspondingly, lower production of nitric oxide emissions. Apparatus for carrying out the invention includes a combustion chamber, a body having a channel through which combustion gas can be introduced into the combustion chamber, a fuel gas nozzle for introducing fuel gas into the combustion chamber, and an orifice around the nozzle for interleaving cooling gas between the fuel gas and the combustion gas.

Abstract: A method of burning a fuel gas in a low NO.sub.x level in the exhaust gas is disclosed, wherein a radiant tube burner having concentrically arranged outer air flow nozzle, fuel gas nozzles arranged in a circle and inner air flow nozzle and having a particular structure is used and the fuel gas is burnt under a particularly limited condition.

Abstract: A burner for the operation of premixing burners, with gaseous fuels or vaporized fuels for the production in a mixer pipe of a homogeneous mixture comprising the fuel, the quantity of combustion air required for the complete combustion of the fuel and additional cooling gas as needed for combustion between 1,100.degree. and 1,700.degree. C. This mixture flows to a burner head with a widening cross-section and a burner plate at the wide end where it is burnt at a central main flame bore arranged at the burner plate and several surrounding support flame bores. The flames then pass through a converging burner mouth and a downstream flame guard which protects the flames against the entrance of air or flue gas from the environment, against cooling and against heating until the completion of combustion. The burner mouth and the flame guard are coated by a non-catalytic material.

Abstract: An apparatus for reliably monitoring a flame of a post-mixed burner without significantly altering the flame characteristics by forming a small but intense signal within the burner which is unaffected by furnace conditions and which corresponds to the actual flame.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion method for reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. More particularly, the quick mixing of the air and fuel in the early stage of combustion is suppressed by setting the direction of fuel injection at an angle to the direction of the air stream axis and a position of a burner, in a preferable range resulting in the consequent effective use of a combustion exhaust gas, thereby minimizing the emission of nitrogen oxides to a great extent.

Abstract: An adjustable flame burner for an industrial furnace comprises a burner body having a baffle with a discharge face forming a forward wall thereof. A first set of space combustion sustaining gas apertures extend axially through the baffle and a second set of apertures also extend axially through the baffle but at an acute angle to the first apertures and also offset from the burner center line in skewed relationship thereto. The apertures of the respective sets intersect at the discharge face and the relative amount of combustion sustaining gas is controlled between the two sets of apertures to provide a tunable, flame release pattern varying between a short cylindrical flame and a long intense all radial flame.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel burner of the rocket burner type includes a graphite burner block for direct exposure to the interior of a furnace, and a cylindrical combustion chamber formed through the hot face of the burner block and extending into the burner block. An oxygen supply conduit delivers oxygen to the combustion chamber along the center line of the combustion chamber and fuel supply ducts deliver fuel to the combustion chamber at the concave surface of the combustion chamber. A plurality of rectilinear cooling bores extend into the burner block and are arranged in a parallel array about the combustion chamber. A liquid coolant header moves cooling liquid through a plurality of parallel supply tubes which are telescopically received within the cooling bores, thereby maintaining the burner block at a reduced temperature. The nozzle that supplies the oxygen to the combustion chamber is movable along the length of the combustion chamber so as to change the shape of the flame emitted from the burner.

Abstract: A burner (1,29) for the combustion of powdery fuels, in particular coal-dust, comprises a central duct (9,37) to supply a jet of core-air (13,41), a fuel channel (12,40) to supply the fuel and a casing channel (5,6; 31) to supply secondary air (7,8; 36).In order to make such a burner (1,29) also suitable for lesser power ranges, a widened range of regulation and less sensitive to a wide coal-dust band, the discharge means of the fuel channel (12,40) is designed as an annular nozzle (23,53) of which at least one of the two circumferential walls (19,47) is rotatable and driven, and the discharge means of the central duct (13,41) being so designed that the jet of core-air (13,41) is directed at least in part outwardly against the discharging fuel for the purpose of deflection into the region of the secondary air (7,8; 36).

Abstract: The burner is formed of a tubular housing including a central tubular passage and a boundary annular passage for feeding into the gasification reactor under high speed a carburation medium such as oxygen or steam. At least three intermediate channels of coaxial annular sections are symmetrically arranged about the central channel and each communicates with a separate inlet conduit for feeding a mixture of powderized fuel with a carrier gas. The transition between the annular intermediate channel and the tubular inlet conduits is made such that the varying outline of the cross-section encloses the same area as the tubular inlet conduit or the annular section intermediate channel. The central tubular channel and the boundary annular channel for feeding the carburation fluid is configurated so as to divert one stream of the carburation fluid at an angle of about 45.degree. toward the axially directed jet of the powderized fuel mixture.

Abstract: A recuperative burner having a recirculating conduit to direct flue gas to the combustion chamber with the air and fuel, and a compact recuperative stack with a recuperative flue gas conduit and an air passage in which air separated from the flue gas by the recuperative flue gas conduit is preheated before supplying it to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An industrial burner having an axial recirculation flame with active vortex mixing in the combustion chamber and method.

Abstract: A method an apparatus for combustion with a minimum of NOx emission in various industrial furnaces and boilers. By injecting air for combustion into a furnace through the burner tile or air baffle in the deviated flow pattern asymmetrical with respect to the burner tile or baffle axis, the quick mixing of the air and fuel in early stages of combustion is suppressed to provide for a relatively gentle combustion and allow the burnt gas self-circulation to take place effectively, thereby minimizing the emission of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A burner for introducing a suspension of solid fuel particles into a combustion chamber which includes a tubular conduit arranged to receive the suspension therethrough, and flow diverting means positioned at the discharge end of the conduit, and subdividing the cross section of the discharge end into a plurality of discharge openings. The burner may include a centrally disposed conduit which is coaxial with and surrounded by the tubular conduit, and an outer conduit surrounding the tubular conduit and coaxial therewith. The flow diverting means can be positioned at various positions between the respective conduits, to create a turbulent suspension of particles in the primary air stream, creating an aspirating effect for drawing secondary air into the burner along with the turbulent suspension of solid fuel particles.

Abstract: A burner for soaking pit furnaces produces essentially complete combustion of gas and air mixed in the burner. The burner includes a generally ring-shaped outer housing and a tubular inner ring spaced inside the outer housing to form a hollow annular interior chamber between the inner ring and the outer housing. The outer housing and the inner ring extend above the floor of the furnace. A narrow annular burner opening at the top of the burner is spaced above the floor of the soaking pit furnace. A gas supply pipe in the chamber directs the flow of gaseous fuel under low pressure toward the burner opening.

Abstract: A spray type combustion device comprises a fuel injection nozzle disposed inside an inner cylinder which is surrounded with an outer cylinder to form therebetween an annular air space, the inner cylinder being formed with an air introduction opening through which air is introduced to the inside of the inner cylinder, and a restrictor plate formed with a central opening and positioned to be close to the tip of the fuel injection nozzle so as to form therebetween a clearance for restricting air flow therethrough, thereby preventing the nozzle opening of the fuel injection nozzle from being clogged with carbon particles due to fuel incomplete combustion.

Abstract: A burner for gaseous fuel having an air supply chamber maintained at a predetermined uniform pressure and ports leading to at least three separate chambers in a burner assembly. The first of these ports receives a mixture of fuel and air from the supply chamber and directs the same through a first chamber to burner ports in the assembly. The other two chambers receive secondary air from the air supply chamber and direct it to positions closely adjacent opposite sides of the burner ports. The burner ports are arranged in rows and the first chamber is of tapered section along the rows of burner ports.

Abstract: A Vortex burner is provided in a burner block having a conduit spaced within the burner block passageway to provide an annular space between them. Fuel gas flows through the central portion of the burner, and is tangentially discharged through gas nozzles. Primary air is induced through the portion of the burner surrounding the fuel gas inlet means. Secondary air is induced into the burner through the portion of the burner surrounding the primary inlet means via draft. A deflector member disposed at a suitable angle to the primary air conduit and protruding from the discharge end of said conduit, directs the secondary air along the cup surface and causes it to mix with the partial premixture of primary air and gas. The deflector member aerodynamically directs the primary air and gas premixture along the cup surface. The secondary air flow prevents annular recirculation of hot gases.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner including a primary throat having at its forward end a swirler for feeding pulverized coal and primary air in vortical flow, a secondary throat located outside the primary throat for supplying secondary air and a burner throat located outside the secondary throat for supplying tertiary air, the secondary and burner throats being located concentrically with the primary throat having at its forward end a flame sustaining plate diverging outwardly to cause the secondary and tertiary air to flow away from the primary throat along the inner surface of the outwardly diverging forward end portion of the burner throat, to thereby avoid mixing of the secondary and tertiary air with the pulverized coal air in a primary flame region in which the pulverized coal burns slowly and produces NOx in reduced amount.

Abstract: A burner for soaking pit furnaces produces essentially complete combustion of the gas and air mixed in the burner. The burner includes a tubular inner wall structure and an outer housing spaced from the inner wall to form a hollow interior between the inner wall and the housing. The inner wall terminates adjacent a surrounding portion of the housing to form a narrow opening from the hollow interior which extends around the periphery of the inner wall structure. A gas supply pipe located in the hollow interior surrounds the inner wall structure and directs the flow of gas under pressure toward the narrow peripheral opening. In one embodiment, the inner wall forms an air supply pipe and air is forced under pressure through the air supply pipe and past the narrow opening. Gas flowing through the narrow opening surrounds and is drawn into air flowing past the opening to form a combustible gas/air mixture.