Abstract: In the apparatus of the invention, a first excitation laser or other excitation light source is used in tandem with an ignitor laser to provide a compact, durable, engine deployable fuel ignition laser system. Reliable fuel ignition is provided over a wide range of fuel conditions by using a single remote excitation light source for one or more small lasers located proximate to one or more fuel combustion zones. In two embodiments the beam from the excitation light source is split with a portion of it going to the ignitor laser and a second portion of it being combined with either the first portion after a delay before injection into the ignitor laser or combined with the output of the ignitor laser. In another embodiment alternating short and long pulses of light from the excitation light source are directed into the ignitor laser.

Abstract: In the apparatus of the invention, a first excitation laser or other excitation light source is used in tandem with an ignitor laser to provide a compact, durable, engine deployable fuel ignition laser system. Reliable fuel ignition is provided over a wide range of fuel conditions by using a single remote excitation light source for one or more small lasers located proximate to one or more fuel combustion zones. In the embodiment of the invention claimed herein, the beam from the excitation light source is split with a portion of it going to the ignitor laser and a second portion of it being combined with either the first portion after a delay before injection into the ignitor laser.

Abstract: A combustion device for providing a stream of combustion products. In particular, there is a combustion device, utilizing micro-sized combustion tubes, that can 1) control firing profiles of an array of combustion tubes, 2) control acoustics generated thereby, and 3) provide an exhaust gas for actuating an attached device, like a piston. The array of combustion tubes is individually controlled. Wherein the array of tubes comprises either uniformly dimensioned tubes or is formed of a variety of dimensions, like length and diameter, which are arranged in selected patterns. There can be either a single ignition point at an end of the combustion tubes, or a multiple of ignition points positioned along the interior length of the tubes. There is also a combustion sequence that self extinguishing after burning all of the fuel in the combustion tube at the end of each cycle.

Abstract: The invention covers a method and a device for supervision and control of a heat generator with pulsating combustion. The amplitude of the sound generated during the operation of the heat generator is sensed by means of a sensor (25), and the initiation means (17, 17A, 22) or electrical operative system of the heat generator is shut down, when the amplitude reaches a predetermined value, which indicates that the heat generator operates, or falls outside a predetermined area, which indicates that the operation of the heat generator is defective.

Abstract: A discrepancy in the model setting between controllers is definitely detected. When it is judged at S4 that the setting is a split vat model, the procedure then goes to S5 for determining the cooking menu at the right oil vat, S6 for processing data to be transmitted to a burner controller, and S7 for processing data received from the burner controller. When it is judged at S8 that the setting of the burner controller is a full vat model because the temperature of a thermistor at the right oil vat received from the burner controller is an FFFFH level (equivalent to 3609° C.), the discrepancy in the setting is displayed for notification at S9. Then, the burner controller is instructed at S10 for extinction.

Abstract: A method for active suppression of hydrodynamic instabilities in a combustion system in which liquid or gaseous fuel is premixed with combustion air and the fuel/air mixture is then burnt. The mass flow of the supplied fuel is modulated on the basis of a selected time function. Simplification and increased functional reliability are achieved by the modulation which is carried out using fluidics.

Abstract: In a method for burning a liquid fuel in a combustion system (10) which comprises a combustion chamber (11) and at least one injection nozzle (13) through which liquid fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (11) in the form of a fuel spray (16) and is burnt there with combustion air being added, disturbance-free operation in a simple manner is distinguished in that, in order to actively suppress hydrodynamic instabilities in the combustion chamber (11), the injected fuel spray (16) is modulated by having an electrical voltage applied to it during the injection process, governed by a selected time function.

Abstract: A pulsating combustion unit includes an elongate combustion chamber having an interior cross-section, an intake end and an exhaust end and sides which are parallel from the intake end to the exhaust end. There is an intake portion adjacent to the intake end and an exhaust portion adjacent to the exhaust end. Preferably the combustion chamber has a generally equal cross-section between the intake end and the exhaust end. The combustion chamber may have an intake bulkhead adjacent to the intake end. The intake portion includes a slot in the bulkhead. The intake portion may also include a pair of spaced-apart plates extending outwardly from the slots in the bulkhead. Preferably these plates are spaced-apart closer together than the combustion chamber. The exhaust portion may include an exhaust bulkhead having an opening therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a controllable valve, particularly for delivering a pulsed flow of fluid.

Abstract: A premix burner apparatus includes a burner structure and a firing rate control system. The burner structure defines a premix reaction zone configured to communicate with a process chamber. The burner structure further defines a plurality of separate entrances to the reaction zone, and a corresponding plurality of separate premix flow paths, each of which is configured to direct both oxidant and fuel to a respective one of the entrances to the reaction zone. The firing rate control system is operative to control flows of oxidant and fuel along at least one of the flow paths separately from flows of oxidant and fuel along at least one other flow path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for initiating and stabilizing fuel combustion in applications such as gas turbine electrical power generating engines and jet turbine engines where it is desired to burn lean fuel/air mixtures which produce lower amounts of NOx. A laser induced spark is propagated at a distance from the fuel nozzle with the laser ignitor being remotely located from the high temperature environment of the combustion chamber. A laser initiating spark generated by focusing high peak power laser light to a sufficiently tight laser spot within the fuel to cause the ionization of air and fuel into a plasma is unobtrusive to the flow dynamics of the combustion chamber of a fuel injector, thereby facilitating whatever advantage can be taken of flow dynamics in the design of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A pulse combustion system having at least one combustion chamber, having an outlet end of a generally coaxial air conduit, a fuel nozzle, and an ignitor arranged generally in a first section of the chamber, and having a tangential exhaust pipe arranged generally in a second section of the chamber. At least one primary exhaust pipe extends from the combustion chamber and a plurality of secondary exhaust pipes extend from the primary pipe. An enclosure is disposed about the combustion chamber and exhaust pipes, with a blower in communication with the enclosure. Also, a pulse combustion method of transferring heat to a material, generally including the steps of setting up a helical swirl of thermal and acoustic pulse waves within a chamber, expanding the waves along a length of the chamber, and propagating the waves tangentially out of the chamber into a resonant exhaust manifold and onto a material.

Abstract: A deep fat fryer is provided including a frypot of which the welded joints avoid the generation of flaws or cracks. The frypot (10) is a particular form of container made of metal sheets and having a top side opened and a bottom side closed, which comprise a pair of opposed connect sidewalls (11) and (12) arranged parallel to each other and a pair of opposed bending sidewalls (13) and (14) arranged of a bent shape. The bending sidewall comprises an upper sidewall portion (13a) or (14a) at the top side, a lower sidewall portion (13b) or (14b), and a sloping sidewall portion (13c) or (14c) connecting the upper and lower portions to each other, the distance between the two lower sidewall portions (13b) and (14b) being smaller than that between the two upper sidewall portions (13a) and (14a). The frypot is integrally fabricated by welding two halves along the vertical separating line (M) which extends across the connect sidewalls to the bottom side along a center line orthogonal to the horizontal.

Abstract: An energy conversion device comprises an acoustic resonator, a pulse combustion device for creating a standing wave within said resonator, and an electric alternator. The alternate is coupled to the resonator to convert acoustically driven mechanical vibrations into electrical power.

Abstract: A burner system is provided which creates standing waves in the gas/air flow within the burner so as to vary the pressure distribution along the length of the burner and thus the heights of the flames produced along the length of the burner. By changing the standing waves, the pressure distributions within the burner are changed, thereby causing the burner to produce changing flame patterns that simulate realistic wood burning flame patterns. In another embodiment, two orthogonal or sinusoidal gas/air flows offset by a phase angle are generated within the burner creating a beat frequency. By varying the phase angle offset, the rate of occurrence of the beats defining the beat frequency are varied resulting in the variation of the pressure distribution within the burner. Consequently, the flame patterns generated by the burner are varied simulating the appearance of realistic wood burning flame patterns.

Abstract: A pulsed combustion high capacity boiler has air inlet flapper valves at an inlet air decoupler toward a combustion chamber, with a fuel supply and an ignitor upstream of the combustion chamber along a flow path. The combustion chamber is immersed in a water jacket, and downstream of the combustion chamber a plurality of exhaust pipes are immersed in the water jacket and lead to an exhaust decoupler. The exhaust decoupler is disposed outside of the water at the periphery of the unit. An orifice assembly along the flow path defines a flow restriction producing turbulence and preferably serially combines a reduction in cross sectional area followed by a diverter having vanes to induce further turbulence. The ignitor and fuel supply are enabled by a controller that senses spark and combustion flame, and also enables a blower at least during a startup interval. The air inlet flapper admits air, opening and closing at a resonant frequency during combustion.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for removing water from a fibrous web are disclosed. The process comprises providing a fibrous web having a moisture content from about 10% to about 90%; providing an oscillatory flow-reversing impingement gas having frequency of from 15 Hz to 1500 Hz; providing a gas-distributing system comprising a plurality of discharge outlets designed to emit the oscillatory flow-reversing impingement gas onto the web; and impinging the oscillatory flow-reversing gas onto the web through the plurality of discharge outlets, thereby removing moisture from the web. The apparatus comprises a web support designed to receive a fibrous web thereon and to carry it in a machine direction; at least one pulse generator designed to produce oscillatory flow-reversing air or gas; and at least one gas-distributing system in fluid communication with the pulse generator for delivering the oscillatory flow-reversing air or gas to the web.

Abstract: A direct ignition type pulsated combustion apparatus including a burner provided in a combustion furnace, a combustion air line connected to the burner for feeding combustion air to the burner, a fuel gas line connected to the burner for feeding a fuel gas to the burner, an air valve and a fuel valve provided in the combustion air line and the fuel gas line, respectively. A plurality of actuators provided for the air valve and the fuel valve are adapted to open and close the air valve and the fuel valve, respectively. An air bypass line is provided in the combustion air line to bypass the air valve. A fuel bypass line provided in the fuel gas line for bypassing the fuel gas valve. A control unit actuates the opening/closing cycles and timings of the air and the fuel gas valves connected to the actuators, respectively, allowing the cycle time of opening and closing the air valve to be controlled independently of the cycle time of opening and closing the fuel gas valve.

Abstract: The periodic equivalence ratio modulation (PERM) method and apparatus significantly reduces and/or eliminates unstable conditions within a combustion chamber. The method involves modulating the equivalence ratio for the combustion device, such that the combustion device periodically operates outside of an identified unstable oscillation region. The equivalence ratio is modulated between preselected reference points, according to the shape of the oscillation region and operating parameters of the system. Preferably, the equivalence ratio is modulated from a first stable condition to a second stable condition, and, alternatively, the equivalence ratio is modulated from a stable condition to an unstable condition. The method is further applicable to multi-nozzle combustor designs, whereby individual nozzles are alternately modulated from stable to unstable conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of operation designed to reduce undesirably high pressure oscillations in lean premix combustion systems burning hydrocarbon fuels are provided. Natural combustion and nozzle acoustics are employed to generate multiple fuel pockets which, when burned in the combustor, counteract the oscillations caused by variations in heat release in the combustor. A hybrid of active and passive control techniques, the apparatus and method eliminate combustion oscillations over a wide operating range, without the use of moving parts or electronics.

Abstract: A boiler having a combustor for combusting an air/gas fuel mixture, the combustor including a heat exchanger which conducts coolant therethrough surrounding the combustion chamber and a fan coupled to an air line provides a flow rate of air in the air line. A gas line is coupled at one end to a source of gas and at another end to the air line so as to produce a mixture of gas and air. Means for measuring a property of the air/gas fuel mixture characteristic of its combustibility are utilized. A valve coupled to said gas line is operative to control a flow rate of gas in response to a control signal from the means for measuring. A temperature sensor takes a temperature measurement of the coolant after passing through the heat exchanger and transmits the temperature measurement to the speed control unit. The speed control unit slows down the speed of the fan when the coolant temperature approaches a preset limit.

Abstract: A heating system with a combustion chamber into which fuel is fed via a fuel feed unit in the form of an injection device which operates on the energy-storage principle and has a pump and a nozzle device which delivers bursts of fuel in specified quantities. With this fuel burner, it is possible to select both the quantity of fuel injected and the injection frequency independently of any boundary conditions, thereby optimizing levels of harmful pollutants in the exhaust gas and effectively counteracting resonance vibrations in the burner.

Abstract: A weapon simulator comprising a combustion chamber (1), means (2) for admitting fuel gas to the combustion chamber, an inlet valve (9) for admitting air to the combustion chamber, the inlet valve being biased open at ambient pressure and arranged to close in response to both pressure rise and drop in the combustion chamber, means (7) to introduce ambient air into the combustion chamber through the valve (9), ignition means (3) for igniting fuel gas in the combustion chamber to cause an explosion, and an exhaust port (2) in the combustion chamber through which exhaust gases can exit rapidly and with audible results in response to explosive pressure rise within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A pulse detonation engine has a pulse ignition system, a plurality of detonation chambers (15), an oxygen source (33), and a fuel source (35). The oxygen source and the fuel source supply oxygen and fuel, respectively, to both the pulse ignition system and to the detonation chambers. The pulse ignition system creates detonation waves by igniting a first series of fuel mixtures inside a plurality of igniter tubes (39) equal to the number of detonation chambers (15). One detonation wave is delivered by each igniter tube into each detonation chamber for igniting a second series of fuel mixtures inside the detonation chambers. The detonation waves increase in magnitude as they travel through the detonation chambers before exiting the rearward ends of the detonation chambers. After detonation, the detonation engine is purged of residual gases by a ventilation system (81) and the process is repeated sequentially as described.

Abstract: A method and system to generate or provide a moving flame such as to create a varied flame pattern are provided. One or more flow switching devices joined in parallel are utilized to alter the flame port fuel supply such as to produce a moving flame or produce an apparently random flame movement.

Abstract: Periodic, on-demand supply of heated and pressurized gas for use as a power source is provided by a device having a storage compartment storing pressurized, liquified, combustible gas, a pressure regulator attached thereto for feeding the liquified gas to a housing providing a combustion chamber with an ignition element for combustion of the liquified combustible gas. A pressure relief valve releasably seals the combustion chamber from an outlet orifice and operates at a predetermined gas pressure to permit output of combustion gas from the combustion chamber through the output orifice to provide a gas power source for operating a gas powered tool. A check valve prevents combustion of the liquified gas upstream of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A novel control system for altering a fixed pattern of gas flames in a fireplace having artificial logs comprises a log set having a burner system and the burner system having a gas valve control which is coupled to source of gas or air to be regulated. The control system has a valve which controls the air or gas being supplied to the burner and a control sensor is coupled to the control system for activating the time sequence of the cycle of the control system so as to raise or lower the gas flames being regulated and to disturb the pattern of gas flames to produce the effect of dancing flames.

Abstract: An energy conversion device comprises an acoustic resonator, a pulse combustion device for creating a standing wave within said resonator, and an electric alternator. The alternator is coupled to the resonator to convert acoustically driven mechanical vibrations into electrical power.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combustion of a gaseous fuel in a fireplace in which a plurality of periodic vortices are created in the airflow pattern of the combustion air prior to its mixing with the gaseous fuel, thereby producing a more natural looking, flickering flame.

Abstract: A deep-frying apparatus includes an oil tank for holding cooking oil in which food is fried and a heating device for heating the oil. The oil tank includes a cooking zone in the upper portion of the tank and a cold zone in the lower portion of the tank. An air passage is located in the cold zone for cooking the oil in the cold zone and for providing heated combustion air to the heating device.

Abstract: The invention is intended to suppress oscillatory combustion of a combustion apparatus. In the invention, acoustic closed ends are provided at an inlet side and an outlet side of the burner port unit, and the combustion apparatus is constituted so that the flame may be positioned between these closed ends, and a buffer chamber is provided at the inlet side. Thus, when the inlet side and outlet side of the burner port unit of the combustion apparatus are formed as acoustic closed ends, oscillatory combustion occurs easily. At this time, when the intake tube communicates at the upstream side of the inlet side closed end, and an exhaust tube communicates at the downstream side of the outlet side closed end, if the length of the intake tube and exhaust tube is changed, the air ratio and combustion amount for generating oscillatory combustion remain constant, and the oscillation frequency and oscillation pressure remain constant.

Abstract: The method consists of providing a portion of greater cross-section in the gas feed conduit between the electromagnetic valve and the diffuser in a gas appliance, preferably for cooking or heating food.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for generating repetitive planar detonation waves at varying and controllable frequencies are provided. The apparatus utilizes the over-pressure associated with each detonation wave to interrupt the ambient pressure, post-injection mixing of the reactant gases between the detonation cycles. In-line mechanical valves can be used to positively interrupt one or both reactant gases if the reaction within the detonation tube degrades to deflagrative burning. The detonation system can be optimized during operation by monitoring either the detonation wave pressure or velocity and adjusting the reactant gas mixture accordingly.

Abstract: A device for actively controlling combustion instabilities and for decoking uel injectors comprises at least one detector for measuring pressure fluctuations in a combustion or afterburner chamber, means for processing the signal output by the detector and providing, in turn, a control voltage, and at least one piezoelectric device which is disposed in a hydraulic line including a fuel injector for the supply of fuel to the combustion or afterburner chamber and which is responsive to the control voltage to generate pulses in the flow of fuel from the outlet of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel fired burner 1 is for use in a solid fuel effect fire such as a coal effect fire 40. The burner 1 has ports 3 for supporting a decorative effect flame. Each port 3 is connected to an electrically driven arrangement 2. When the burner is in use the arrangement 2 operates so as to vary automatically and continually the aeration of the fuel/air mixture which exits from the burner ports 3. The resulting flames supported by the burner ports are thus of continually changing visual appearance and provide a realistic decorative live flame effect.

Abstract: High dynamic pressure oscillations in hydrocarbon-fueled combustors typically occur when the transport time of the fuel to the flame front is at some fraction of the acoustic period. These oscillations are reduced to acceptably lower levels by restructuring or repositioning the flame front in the combustor to increase the transport time. A pilot flame front located upstream of the oscillating flame and pulsed at a selected frequency and duration effectively restructures and repositions the oscillating flame in the combustor to alter the oscillation-causing transport time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for enhancing the efficiency of combustion in a combustion chamber with the use of acoustic energy. A means for generating acoustic energy (34) is located in relation to a combustion chamber (12) such that acoustic energy is transmitted into the combustion chamber (12) resulting in excitation of particulate and gases flowing therein and increased combustion efficiency. In the preferred embodiment, increased combustion efficiency is accomplished by operation of a horn (34) located at substantially the top of the combustion chamber (12) for generating acoustic energy into the chamber (12).

Abstract: There is provided a method of fuel/oxidizer ignition comprising: (a) application of laser light to a material surface which is absorptive to the laser radiation; (b) heating of the material surface with the laser light to produce a high temperature ablation plume which emanates from the heated surface as an intensely hot cloud of vaporized surface material; and (c) contacting the fuel/oxidizer mixture with the hot ablation cloud at or near the surface of the material in order to heat the fuel to a temperature sufficient to initiate fuel ignition.

Abstract: A flame cannon for producing an explosion, the cannon including a tank, an effect valve, a nozzle and an ignitor, the tank coupled to a carbon dioxide source and a propane source, the tank and sources used to pressurize liquid propane therein. The nozzle forms a substantially linear and non-atomizing channel. When the effect valve between the tank and nozzle is opened, the pressurized liquid propane is forced through the nozzle and forms a liquid propane column thereabove which begins to disburse into the atmosphere wherein it is ignited to form a mushroom-shaped explosion.

Abstract: A kiln and method of firing kilns or the like in which high firing rate gas streams are introduced into the ware treating chamber in the form of pulsed jets and a continuous low firing rate gas stream is also introduced into the ware treating chamber for maintaining uniformity of temperature and atmosphere within the ware treating chamber. The time interval between the pulsed jets is controlled in accordance with the difference between a set predetermined temperature and the actual temperature in the ware treating chamber. Also disclosed is a burner for the kiln including coaxial primary and secondary nozzles for burning fuel. The primary nozzle burns fuel at a high rate and is pulsed intermittently while the secondary nozzle burns constantly at a low rate.

Abstract: In a pulse combustor in which a mixture of air and fuel gas is supplied into a combustion chamber and subjected to pulse combustion, a flame trap is provided at the inlet of the combustion chamber to prevent back fires. The flame trap is formed as follows: A first tape of metal foil such as stainless steel foil is welded to one side of a second tape of metal foil, for instance, by blazing in such a manner that the first tape is corrugated, thus forming cells between them. Next, the first and second tapes thus welded together are spirally wound and combined with each other, for instance, by blazing.

Abstract: An acoustically pulsating burner assembly which includes an elongated outer tube, a fuel supply means located within the tube, and utilizes one or more integral axially adjustable Sondhauss thermoacoustic tubular elements to generate pulsations within the burner. The acoustic pulsations are generated inside the axially movable closed end tube element provided within the burner, and these vibrations promote more efficient combustion of the fuel so as to reduce undesired emissions in the combustion products. If desired, multiple thermoacoustic tubular elements of different lengths can be advantageously used to generate pulsations of different frequencies within the burner assembly. The burner assembly is located in a furnace windbox, and can be adapted for combusting gas, oil or particulate fuels such as coal.

Abstract: A burner control provides a pulsed flame sequence in response to a user's selective manipulation of an actuator through a range of response. A microcontroller-based control module switches both a burner ignitor control and an electric valve for gas supply to the burner in a predetermined time sequence depending upon the actuator position within the predetermined range. Preferably, one or more of a plurality of burners on a single cooking top are controlled for pulsed sequence operation, and a single actuator for each channel, preferably in a form of a rotary knob, provides a simple user interface for utilizing the pulsed flame sequence, preferably in a low gas flow or simmer cooking range.

Abstract: An industrial burner with low NO.sub.x emissions, particularly for heating furnace chambers of industrial furnaces, has a high-heat-resistance combustion chamber (9), which is formed with a fuel supply device and an air supply device and with at least one nozzle-shaped outlet (10) for the gases emerging into a heating chamber. The fuel supply device (17, 18) extends through the combustion chamber, which is acted upon constantly with air. The fuel supply device can be switched over between two operating states, with a differing three-dimensional location of fuel nozzle devices (25, 26) relative to the combustion chamber outlet. In a first operating state, fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber, creating a fuel/air mixture that burns with a stable flame in the combustion chamber, and in a second operating state, the reaction between the fuel and the combustion air is substantially shifted into the heating chamber.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for safely combusting a fuel in such manner that very low levels of NO.sub.x and CO are produced. The apparatus comprises an inlet line (12) containing a fuel and an inlet line (18) containing an oxidant. Coupled to the fuel line (12) and to the oxidant line (18) is a mixing means (11,29,33,40) for thoroughly mixing the fuel and the oxidant without combusting them. Coupled to the mixing means (11,29,33,40) is a means for injecting the mixed fuel and oxidant, in the form of a large-scale fluid dynamic structure (8), into a combustion region (2). Coupled to the combustion region (2) is a means (1,29,33) for producing a periodic flow field within the combustion region (2) to mix the fuel and the oxidant with ambient gases in order to lower the temperature of combustion. The means for producing a periodic flow field can be a pulse combustor (1), a rotating band (29), or a rotating cylinder (33) within an acoustic chamber (32) positioned upstream or downstream of the region (2) of combustion.

Abstract: A process for combustion in an industrial furnace (1), using at least one burner (2; 3) supplied with combustible (4) and combustion supporting (5) fluids. The flow rate of at least one of the fluids is pulsed at a frequency comprised between 0.1 and 3 Hz. There is provided in the furnace (1) at least one pair of two burners (2A, 2B; 3A, 3B) disposed substantially confronting each other; and the fluid of the burners of a pair is pulsed in offset phase from one burner to the other. The frequency of pulsation is between 0.1 and 1 Hz. The flow rates of fluids are substantially identical for each burner (2A, 2B; 3A, 3B) of the pair. The power of the pair of burners is greater than 300 KW.

Abstract: A pulse detonation engine has a detonation chamber with a sidewall. At least two fuel ports are located in the sidewall, spaced longitudinally apart from each other. An oxygen fuel mixture is introduced into the forward port and detonated. This creates a detonation wave which propagates with an air fuel mixture introduced into the rearward fuel port. After the detonation, purge air passes through the chamber before the next detonation. A rotating sleeve valve mounted around the detonation opens and closes the fuel ports as well the purge ports.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning a fuel in the presence of an oxidant in which intermixing fuel jets are formed from fuel and oxidant flowing in a mixing layer. The fuel and the oxidant are combusted to produce a projected flame. Intermixture of the fuel and the oxidant jets occurs within a turbulent flow regime where the fuel and the oxidant are in close contact with one another within eddies. The fuel and the oxidant are intermixed in average stoichiometric proportions and the mass flow rates of the fuel or the oxidant or both are intermittent and have a regular pulsation. This regular pulsation has a sufficiently high frequency that the eddies contain the fuel and the oxidant in fuel-rich and fuel-lean ratios in an essentially even distribution through the projected flame. As a result a plurality of fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions are created throughout the projected flame and thermal NO.sub.x and carbon monoxide emissions are reduced.

Abstract: A burner for pulsating combustion includes an explosion chamber which on the inlet side connects on to a supply tube for combustion air and a supply tube for fuel. On the outlet side is connected one or more discharge tubes for the combustion gases. The invention provides a burner for pulsating combustion which produces considerably less noise than the known devices. This is achieved by providing the explosion chamber with a widening on the outlet side and connecting the discharge tube(s) to this widening at or close to the periphery thereof.

Abstract: This invention involves an improved technique for the modulation of waste an actively controlled compact waste incinerator afterburner. This improved technique utilizes acoustic driving to affect indirect modulation of waste flow velocities. The waste surrogate gases are modulated indirectly by periodic entrainment created by the roll-up of the main air vortex as well as indirect acoustic excitation of secondary air injection. One of the main advantages of this new configuration is the acoustic drivers used to phase inject the waste into the vortex for proper combustion are not in direct contact with the hot waste and therefore can be less expensive and more durable over the long term.