Abstract: An intermediary chamber associated to a device for feeding a pulsatory combustion chamber with fuel and comburent includes a heat tube l65 defining with the inner channel wall 125 a recirculation zone for the burnt gases issuing from the combustion chamber. The intermediary channel located between the combustion chamber for pulsatory combustion of a mixture of fuel and a combustive agent and an injection chamber includes the heat tube being directly communicated with the combustion chamber, wherein an internal wall of the intermediary channel and an outer surface of the heat tube define a recirculation zone for the recirculaton of burn gases issuing from the combustion chamber, the recirculation zone being at least partially open at an upper end thereof.

Abstract: A deep fat fryer includes an open-top vessel having at least one trough-shaped container adapted to hold a quantity of cooking oil. A pulse combustion burner is provided for heating the oil and includes a combustion chamber adapted to be immersed in the oil. A mixer head receives controllable air and fuel flows and an ignitor within the mixer head initiates combustion. A cabinet is provided for supporting the vessel and the burner. A tailpipe receives the combustion products and carries the same into an exhaust decoupler which is located adjacent the inlet end of the combustion chamber and which substantially enclosed the mixer head and at least a portion of a vent pipe. The exhaust decoupler and the tailpipe are arranged in heat exchange relationship with the vessel wall. A continuously operating air blower is provided to minimize burner start-up time and to cool electronic control circuitry used to regulate the oil temperature and the operating periods of the burner.

Abstract: Improved dehydration section construction for pulse jet combustion apparatus for the drying of particulate materials that includes a plurality of exhaust flow disturbing rings on the confining walls thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispensing active material. The apparatus oscillating burner, a tank for the active material which is connected to a discharge line, and a fuel reservoir which, via a suction line, feeds the oscillating burner, which operates with pulsating combustion and comprises an oscillating tube. If the pressure drops in the oscillating burner, it is possible to introduce additional fuel thereinto with the aid of a control device as a function of the pulsation pressure of the oscillating burner. The control device causes extra fuel to be supplied to ensure that the resonance range, which has originally been set to no-load, is restored, any pressure loss caused by the feeding of active material being compensated for so as not to affect the resonance behavior of the apparatus, and consequently the quality of the dispensed active material.

Abstract: A pulse combustor has a casing in which are defined a mixing chamber and a combustion chamber. The casing is formed with a first and second air inlet holes and a fuel inlet hole which open to the mixing chamber. An air supply pipe and a fuel supply pipe are connected to the first air inlet hole and the fuel inlet hole, respectively. The second air inlet hole communicates with the first air inlet hole through a communication hole formed in the casing. Air supplied through the air supply pipe is fed into the mixing chamber through the first and second air inlet holes.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided to facilitate the transporation and combustion of highly viscous hydrocarbons by forming reduced viscosity hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions, and in particular, bioemulsifier-stabilized hydrocarbon-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: An ultrasonic atomizing burner for smaller heating apparatus particularly for mobile spaces, such as motor vehicles comprises an atomizer which has a fuel inlet and which is equipped with an atomizer discharge plate and a structure skirting the plate which defines a combustion air flow space for 1% at most of the combustion air amount. This structure includes a cylindrical combustion chamber having a forward discharge end with a flame baffle and with a heating gas outlet tube connected to the discharge end for the axial flow of the combustion gases. The combustion chamber has an ignition zone which is provided with wall bores for admitting primary air and it includes a spark plug in the ignition zone for igniting the combustion gases and the primary combustion air. The combustion chamber also has a burnout zone which is provided with wall slots for admitting secondary air downstream of the primary air.

Abstract: An ultrasonic liquid ejecting apparatus for discharging liquid droplets comprises a housing including a chamber for holding liquid therein having an intake port connected to a liquid supply container. A bimorph vibrator system is provided comprising a vibrating member secured to the housing in pressure transmitting relation with the liquid in the chamber and a piezoelectric transducer secured to the vibrating member for inducing a displacement therein to discharge a small quantity of liquid through an nozzle opening formed in the vibrating member. A circuit is provided for exciting the transducer at a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the vibrator system.

Abstract: A pulse combustion apparatus in which combustion air is brought into heat exchange relationship with the exhaust system of the apparatus for preheating the combustion air prior to entering the combustion chamber. In a preferred embodiment this is achieved by passing the combustion air through a space between an exhaust cushion chamber of the exhaust system and a housing which encloses the chamber.

Abstract: A burner for air heaters comprises a first wall structure defining an ignition chamber with an ultrasonic atomizer discharging into the ignition chamber and with means for delivering primary air into the ignition chamber for ignition by suitable ignition device to form an igniting gas mixture. The construction includes a second wall arrangement which is adjacent the ignition chamber and which defines a primary combustion chamber which has a passage for the ignited gas mixture from the ignition chamber and also for secondary air so as to complete the combustion in the main combustion chamber. The main combustion chamber in turn is connected downstream and into an exhaust diffuser in which the completely burnt gases are delivered to a place of use for heating an area such as a space in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A device is suggested wherein the work piece finishing chamber (31) serves simultaneously as a mixing chamber for mixing the gas components, and wherein a gas deceleration stage (47) is integrated in chamber block (30) between chamber (31) and a spark plug (54). The gas deceleration stage (47) is provided with labyrinth like extending bores (49,50,51). The combustion residues generated in the work piece finishing chamber (31) cannot reach spark plug (54) in view of the gas deceleration stage (47). Thus, a contamination of the spark plug (54) being disposed in block (30) is substantially eliminated.

Abstract: A furnace (A) defines a combustion chamber (10) in which a pair of burners (B) are mounted for oxidizing the fuel to heat the combustion chamber. An air blower (12) supplies air to the burners at a rate controlled by a rate control valve (18). A frequency modulated burner control system (C) controls the duty cycle of the burners, i.e. cyclically actuates the burner at a fixed burn rate and then deactuates them. The burner control system varies the actuation to deactuation ratio in each cycle to vary the thermal input to the combustion chamber. The burners provide two - stage combustion wherein a fuel rich mixture is partially oxidized in a first stage combustion area (44). Additional air which is thereafter introduced through air passages (50, 52) completes the combustion.

Abstract: Apparatus to burn a combustible pollutant floating on the surface of a body of water. The apparatus has a first body and buoyancy means to maintain the first body beneath the surface of the water. A first chamber is formed in the first body. A resonation chamber is fixed relative to the surface of the first body and above the first chamber and positioned to be above the surface of the water when the apparatus is in use. A high velocity fluid can be projected up from the first body to the resonation chamber to develop a shock wave that is directed back towards the pollutant to atomize the pollutant. The atomized pollutant can then be burned.

Abstract: A pulse combustion burner having a multi-apertured combustion chamber wall surrounded by a primary heat transfer zone. Gas jets issuing out of the wall apertures induce high turbulence in the gas flow path through the heat transfer zone and thereby promote an exceptionally high level of heat exchange. Dimensions of the gas flow path, including the primary heat transfer zone, are arranged to cause the primary heat transfer zone to serve as an effective portion of the tailpipe of the burner. Both the high heat transfer capability and reduced tailpipe length permit reduction in the overall size of a burner unit.

Abstract: A closed top pulse combustion burner for a flat cooking surface. The burner comprises a shallow rectangular box-like combustion chamber with its top providing a cooking surface area. Pulse combustion operation of the burner promotes high thermal efficiency. An internal baffle arrangement in the burner box provides a high degree of temperature uniformity at the cooking surface. The rectangular configuration of the burner unit allows modular construction of multiple burner units which can be individually operated at different times and/or temperatures.

Abstract: A pulsing combustion device wherein a floating valve member having a plurality of ports therethrough reciprocates due to the pressure differential of a pressurized supply of combustible mixture on one side and pressurized combustion mixture on the other side closing and opening communication through the ports between the supply of combustible mixture and the combustion chamber. Flat plate floating valve members are disclosed which direct the combustible mixture along the periphery of the combustion chamber. The pulsing combustion device may have at least one constrictor plate having an exhaust port with a cross section relatively small with respect to the cross section of the combustion chamber located across the combustion chamber above the zone of combustion to enhance combustion and heat exchange. The pulsing combustion device may be used as a steam producing device, a steam cleaning device, a heating device, a water heater, or for any other fluid heating purpose.

Abstract: A liquid fuel atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid fuel into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel burner combustion systems are described.

Abstract: An improved combustion chamber for a condensing furnace comprising an elongated cast body having a mixing chamber for receiving fuel and air and an expansion chamber communicating with said mixing chamber, a fuel inlet in said body communicating with said mixing chamber, an air inlet in said body communicating with said mixing chamber and means for igniting the air fuel mixture in said mixing chamber, the fuel inlet and the igniting means being opposed to one another to enhance the ignition of the fuel and air in the mixing chamber. An important feature of the invention is the critical ratio of the transverse cross sectional area of the expansion chamber to the transverse cross sectional area of the mixing chamber for maintaining continuity of operation. Such ratio should be about 2/1 to 2.4/1. In a preferred form of the invention, the igniting means is a spark plug and the spark plug opening into the mixing chamber is co-axial with the fuel inlet.

Abstract: In the disclosed resonant burner a common battery energizes the ignition and an air jump. The latter drives fuel, delivered to a reservoir from a fuel tank, to a carburetor nozzle. The reservoir is a narrow tube, whose fluid can easily be driven by little pressure and with low volumes of air, but is sufficiently long to contain enough fuel to start the burner.

Abstract: A pulse combustion burner and heat exchanger for immersion in a deep fat fryer vessel. The geometry and juxtaposition of the burner and heat exchanger afford a compact assembly of exceptionally high efficiency. The burner is in the form of a horizontal tube and the heat exchanger for the combustion products is in the form of a bottomless, topless rectangular box surrounding the burner.

Abstract: An engine-independent heater, particularly a space heater for automobiles comprises a housing which includes a combustion chamber and an antechamber which is tangentially connected into the combustion chamber. The antechamber receives a fuel and air mixture which is ignited in the antechamber and directed into the main combustion chamber. The construction includes the housing carrying an ultrasonic vibrator which is actuated in order to intermix air which is drawn into the housing for the vibrator with fuel which is directed against the vibrator so that the coolant air intermix has there delivered into the antechamber of the heater. The construction includes a nipple connection into the antechamber which sprays fuel from a proportioning pump into the vicinity of the ultrasonic vibrator.

Abstract: An arrangement for discharging liquid droplets comprises a housing including a chamber for holding liquid therein having an intake port connected to a liquid supply container, a vibrating member secured to the housing in pressure transmitting relation with the liquid in the chamber. The vibrating member is formed with at least one nozzle opening therein through which the liquid is discharged forwardly of the housing. A piezoelectric transducer is secured to the vibrating member for inducing a rearward displacement therein to discharge a small quantity of liquid through the nozzle opening.

Abstract: A pulse combustor apparatus including a combustor tube having open ends and containing at least one combustion zone where combustion of a fuel occurs and heat is released, resulting in the formation of a standing acoustic mode with nodes and anti-nodes in the tube. The combustion zone is located approximately half the distance between the acoustic pressure node and anti-node where the acoustic pressure oscillation lags the acoustic velocity oscillation by approximately one-quarter wavelength of the oscillation. Furthermore, the combustion air must flow towards the acoustic pressure anti-node. The fundamental principle relating to the occurrence of the pulsations in the combustor is the interaction between the combustion processes and both the non-zero acoustic velocity and acoustic pressure oscillations at the designated combustion zone location.

Abstract: The sonic dispersion system includes a sonic dispersion unit (18) mounted upon a mounting assembly (100,102) and having an active surface (116) with a central apex (120) positioned in spaced relationship to the mounting assembly. Material directing units (92,94) direct material against the active surface so that the material is redirected thereby toward the apex. The sonic dispersion unit (18) may be used in combination with a control system (10) which controls the amount of material provided from two separate material sources (14,34).

Abstract: A liquid atomizer is described which creates liquid pulses and gas pulses which are directed and timed to impact each other. The forces created during impact atomize the liquid into droplets. Large and repeated atomizing forces can be thusly applied yielding fine atomization of even very high viscosity liquids. Applications of crossed pulse liquid atomizers to liquid fuel combustion systems are described.

Abstract: An ignition system for a furnace or boiler where a predetermined number of firing pulses are generated between timing intervals to allow purging of the combustion chamber. If combustion occurs, the firing pulses are terminated. If combustion does not occur, after the predetermined number of firing pulses, the combustion chamber is purged and the system shut down.

Abstract: A flame-rod type flame detecting apparatus for detecting flames produced intermittently in a pulse-like combustion process is disclosed. An oscillation circuit generates an A.C. flame detecting voltage to be applied across the flame to be detected. The A.C. voltage modulated by the flame provides a signal representative of the presence of flame. The frequency of the A.C. voltage is selected higher than the commercial line frequency and higher than a maximum frequency of the pulse-like intermittent combustion and selected such that the positive half-waves of the applied A.C. voltage are superposed on the flames produced intermittently, and more preferably at least one positive half-wave is superposed on each of the flames.

Abstract: A pulsing combustion device (10) is disclosed including a combustion chamber (15) with a poppet valve (20) mounted for reciprocation in the combustion chamber (15). A pressurized combustible mixture is supplied to the poppet valve (20) with the combustion gases ignited in the combustion chamber (15). The poppet valve (20) is reciprocated in the combustion chamber (15) by the pressure of the pressurized combustible mixture and the pressure of the combustion gases. The poppet valve (20) regulates the flow of the combustible mixture into the combustible chamber. The pulsing combustion device (10) may be utilized in a steam cleaning device wherein the pulsing combustion device is surrounded by a flow of liquid.The pulsing combustion device may also be utilized for home heating with a fluid heated by the combustion device.

Abstract: To separate combustion within a combustion chamber for deburring or high-temperature, high-pressure article treatment from gas supply valves, the combustion chamber is formed of a dual wall structure, having an outer wall (21) which is telescopically slidable with respect to an inner wall (12). The articles are introduced into the chamber (11) by placing a support plate (14) against the outer wall structure, with the inner wall (12) slightly raised, leaving a gap (23) between the lower edge of the inner wall and the support plate. Gas introduced within the outer wall structure than can pass into the chamber (11) within the inner wall, through said gap. When the requisite volume and pressure of fill gas--typically oxygen and a combustion gas such as hydrogen, methane or the like--is within the chamber, the inner wall (12) is lowered into sealing engagement with the support plate (14), for ignition of the combustible mixture.

Abstract: To permit installation of various sizes of deburring chambers, matched to particular sizes, or combination of sizes of workpieces, so that only the minimum size chamber for the particular quantity or size of workpiece need be used, the chambers are provided in sets with adapters so that a single machine frame can be utilized, the adapters and chambers being fitted within the machine frame so that the lower edge (13a, 13'a) of any one of the chambers is within the closing or sealing stroke of a closing plate (14) carrying the workpieces. A coding system, for example coding bolts (16) is secured to each one of the chambers, to be scanned by a reading head (17) and transmitting information relative to the appropriate fill quantity and pressure of gases for the particular chamber then being installed in the machine.

Abstract: A burner for a pulse combustion apparatus according to this invention comprises a plurality of small diameter air passages distributed in cross-sectional directions of a combustion air feed duct. These small diameter air passages are defined by small diameter pipes each provided with fuel gas jet openings to allow air and gas to mix with each other well therein prior to entry to a combustion chamber downstream of the small diameter air passages. Explosions occur intermittently and automatically in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A pulsing combustion device is disclosed including a combustion chamber with a poppet valve mounted for reciprocation in the combustion chamber. A pressurized combustible mixture is supplied to the poppet valve with the combustion gases ignited in the combustion chamber. The poppet valve is reciprocated in the combustion chamber by the pressure of the pressurized combustible mixture and the pressure of the combustion gases. The poppet valve regulates the flow of the combustible mixture into the combustible chamber. The pulsing combustion device may be utilized in a steam cleaning device wherein the pulsing combustion device is surrounded by a flow of liquid.The pulsing combustion device may also be utilized for home heating with a fluid heated by the combustion device.

Abstract: A condensing furnace utilizing a pulsating combustion process discharges flue gas and condensate from the furnace through a flue gas conduit. A drain leg assembly is coupled to the flue gas conduit for effectively separating the condensate from the flue gas, whereby the flue gas is discharged to the flue gas vent and the condensate is discharged to a drain line. The drain leg assembly includes tubular body means having a flue gas outlet at the upper end thereof and means defining a condensate reservoir at the lower end thereof. A vent pipe within the tubular body means and having a bore smaller than that of the tubular body communicates at one end to a condensate outlet means, and the other end of the free end of the vent pipe extends toward the bottom of the tubular body, but is spaced therefrom. The normal level of condensate collected in the tubular body means is above the bottom of the vent tube so as to assure separate discharge of flue gas and condensate from the drain leg assembly.

Abstract: A pulsing combustion device is disclosed including a combustion chamber with a poppet valve mounted for reciprocation in the combustion chamber. A pressurized combustible mixture is supplied to the poppet valve with the combustion gases ignited in the combustion chamber. The poppet valve is reciprocated in the combustion chamber by the pressure of the pressurized combustible mixture and the pressure of the combustion gases. The poppet valve regulates the flow of the combustible mixture into the combustible chamber. The pulsing combustion device may be utilized in a steam cleaning device wherein the pulsing combustion device is surrounded by a flow of liquid.The pulsing combustion device may also be utilized for home heating with a fluid heated by the combustion device.

Abstract: A silencer unit has charging- and exhaust-side silencers which are integrally formed into a double-cylinder housing. The housing has an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder disposed in the outer cylinder. The charging-side silencer is connected to an air charging pipe of a pulse combustor to attenuate noise generated from the charging side of the combustor. The exhaust-side silencer is connected to an exhaust pipe of the combustor to attenuate noise generated from the exhausing side of the combustor. The charging-side silencer has a first low-frequency sound arresting chamber defined in the inner cylinder and a first high-frequency sound arresting chamber defined between the inner and outer cylinders. The exhaust-side silencer has a second low-frequency sound arresting chamber defined in the inner cylinder and a second high-frequency sound arresting chamber defined between the inner and outer cylinders.

Abstract: A combustion controlling apparatus is disclosed which is used in a pulse combustion apparatus for generating flames intermittently and which has a flame-rod type flame detector. In this combustion controlling apparatus, a low AC source voltage is converted to a DC voltage and then this DC voltge is converted by an inverter to an AC of about 100 V and 800 Hz which is then supplied to the igniter and flame rod. The inverter comprises a pair of transistors and a transformer having a primary winding with its center tap connected to a DC source voltage and both ends thereof connected to the respective collectors of the transistors which are in turn cross-coupled to the bases of the mating ones through respective series circuits each consisting of a capacitor and a resistor. Thus, in a secondary winding of the transformer, a rectangular wave voltage is produced. The inverter can supply a high voltage to the flame rod during ignition, enabling easy fire detection and can prevent the transistors from generating heat.

Abstract: A gas supply for feeding at least two components of a combustion mixture to a combustion chamber has gas dosing cylinders (16, 19) respectively for oxygen and fuel of which the gas filling pressures are controllable or adjustable by a pressure regulator (15) and a throttle valve (18) respectively. The mixture ratio of the gases can thus be changed between each filling of the dosing devices by control of the setting motor (35) of the pressure regulator. This setting can also change the filling pressure in the combustion chamber (10). The length of the piston stroke in the dosing cylinders can also be controlled.

Abstract: The burner for metallurgical furnaces comprises a main combustion chamber (7) and an auxiliary combustion chamber (5) presenting a plurality of outlet channels (6) communicating with the main combustion chamber (7). To the main combustion chamber there is fed in a pulsating manner a primary mix of fuel gas and air in stoichiometric ratio, and, during the intervals between the feed pulses, a secondary mix of fuel gas and air with a coefficient of excess air of 1.15 to 1.35 and at a rate of flow corresponding to 1 to 3% of the nominal rate of flow. To the auxiliary combustion chamber (5) there is instead continuously fed an auxiliary mix of fuel gas and air with a coefficient of excess air of 0.65 to 0.85 and at a rate of flow corresponding to 1 to 3% of the rate of flow of the primary mix. The combustion products of the auxiliary mix stay in the auxiliary combustion chamber (5) for a very short time, more particularly for about from 0.005 to 0.01 sec.

Abstract: A pulse combustor comprises a throttle plate provided in a cylindrical body for dividing the interior of the body into a combustion chamber and a mixture chamber and having a throttle hole, gas suction holes communicating with the combustion chamber, air suction holes communicating with the combustion chamber, igniting plug provided in the combustion chamber for explosing and burning the mixture gas of the air and the fuel gas therein, and valve plate provided in the mixture chamber for shutting off the communication of the gas suction holes and air suction holes with the mixture chamber when the pressure in the mixture chamber becomes positive as the mixture gas is exploded and burnt and enabling the communication when the pressure in the mixture chamber becomes negative.

Abstract: A fuel and ignition control for a pulse combustion furnace includes both analog and digital timing means for fail safe operation, fuel valve control means which depend on proper cyclic operation for proper function, and flame detection means which are fail safe due to the necessity of its components providing a critical phase shift angle. The fuel control valve means includes energy storage means which is stepwise depleted to positively limit the time of valve energization in the absence of detection of flame, and is also disabled after a predetermined time by the digital timing means.

Abstract: A burner (1,29) for the combustion of powdery fuels, in particular coal-dust, comprises a central duct (9,37) to supply a jet of core-air (13,41), a fuel channel (12,40) to supply the fuel and a casing channel (5,6; 31) to supply secondary air (7,8; 36).In order to make such a burner (1,29) also suitable for lesser power ranges, a widened range of regulation and less sensitive to a wide coal-dust band, the discharge means of the fuel channel (12,40) is designed as an annular nozzle (23,53) of which at least one of the two circumferential walls (19,47) is rotatable and driven, and the discharge means of the central duct (13,41) being so designed that the jet of core-air (13,41) is directed at least in part outwardly against the discharging fuel for the purpose of deflection into the region of the secondary air (7,8; 36).

Abstract: In a pulse burner of the type wherein an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber is explosively burnt by an ignition plug and resulting flame is detected by a flame detector to control the operation of the pulse burner, there is used a flame detector which detects electric current flowing in the flame instead of a thermostat secured to a side wall of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In a pulse burner of the type wherein an air-fuel mixture in a combustion chamber is explosively burnt by an ignition plug, a flapper valve repeatedly opens and closes an air inlet passage and a fuel inlet passage so as to repeat explosive combustion of an air-fuel mixture at a high frequency, there is provided a flame detector which interrupts the ignition plug and a fan for supplying air into the combustion chamber once the combustion has started normally.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for pulsating combustion is separated by a partition wall (12) into a first chamber (14) to which there is connected an axial inlet (20) for the fuel stream, and a second chamber (16) for diverting the combustion gases through an outlet (18). The gases depart via side chambers (44) from the first to the second chamber at the edges of the partition wall. A hot body (24) is arranged at a given height above the partition wall in the first chamber, said body being intended for being heated during operation to a temperature which is substantially higher than the carbonization temperature of the fuel and which screens off a central area of the partition wall.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide for a coal in oil mixture a combustor or burner system in which the ash resulting from burning the mixture is of submicron particle size.The burner system comprises, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a burner section (11), a flame exit nozzle (12), a fuel nozzle section (13) and an air tube (14) by which preheated air is directed into burner section (11). Regulated air pressure is delivered to a fuel nozzle (34) in nozzle section (13) through a line (9). Means (8),(16), and (17),(29),(6),(30) and (31) are provided for directing a mixture of coal particles and oil from a drum (15) to a nozzle (34) of FIG. 2 at a desired rate and pressure while a means (19) returns excess fuel to the fuel drum (15). Means (25) is provided for keeping the coal particles uniformly distributed in the coal in oil mixture in fuel drum (15). Means (29), (30), and (31) provide for stable fuel pressure supply from fuel pump (8) to fuel nozzle (34).

Abstract: The physical size of an inlet plenum (2) for a cluster of pulse combustors (1) may be reduced while maintaining a tuned condition for noise cancellation by constructing the plenum with an annular chamber (8) having internal baffles (20, 21) which make the acoustic path length through the annular plenum (2) substantially larger than its circumference.

Abstract: A fuel and ignition control for a pulse combustion furnace includes both analog and digital timing means for fail safe operation, fuel valve control means which depend on proper cyclic operation for proper function, and flame detection means which are fail safe due to the necessity of its components providing a critical phase shift angle. The fuel control valve means includes energy storage means which is stepwise depleted to positively limit the time of valve energization in the absence of detection of flame, and is also disabled after a predetermined time by the digital timing means.

Abstract: A system for supplying fuel to an atomization fuel oil burner nozzle from a fuel pump at a rate less than that rated for the nozzle for burning of less fuel while achieving good combustion. The fuel is delivered to the nozzle at a pulsing frequency which is dynamically matched to intermittent pressure pulses within the fuel pump to create resonant pressure peaks at the nozzle. The fuel pump creates a pressure pulse each time a tooth of one gear of the pump makes full penetration into the space between a pair of teeth of a coacting rotatable ring gear. Rotatable valving structure, including gear ports in the rotatable ring gear pulses fluid flow to the nozzle by alternately connecting a fluid outlet of the pump to either a pressure port within the pump at the time of a pressure pulse or to the fuel pump inlet with the pressure peak of the pulsed flow being phased together with said pressure pulse.

Abstract: Boiler fuel is exposed to a flow of pulsating hot gas and sonic energy from a pulse jet engine for classifying fuel particles with uniform size and moisture content. A second pulse jet engine directs a continuous flow of pulsating hot gas and sonic energy onto those surfaces of heat exchangers which are exposed to the boiler heating gas, for cleaning the heat exchanger surfaces. Another pulse jet engine is disposed in the exhaust stack for heating stack gas, for increasing chemical efficiency of emission control systems, while permitting greater extraction of usable heat from stack gas while inside the boiler.

Abstract: An improved engine comprises a primary piston and primary cylinder in which air and fuel is precombusted. The piston is reciprocated in the cylinder by an external prime mover. The exhaust of the precombusted air/fuel mixture is controlled by a floating exhaust valve piston which seats against the exhaust port and has its other end pressurized at a set pressure preferably by an inert gas. The precombusted air/fuel mixtures are exhausted to secondary combustion chambers where additional air, fuel and prime mover exhaust gases are added to increase the velocity and pressure of the gas and provide for more complete combustion of the fuel.