Abstract: Various embodiments of a gas valve and a sear-zone gas burner are described and claimed herein. One embodiment described herein relates to a cooking chamber with a cooking surface, which has at least two portions including a first portion and a second portion. The first and second portions of the cooking surface each have at least one heat source disposed underneath. The at least one heat source for each cooking surface in turn has a highest setting such that a first maximum heat output is provided to the first portion of the cooking surface when set at the highest setting and a second maximum heat output is provided to the second portion of the cooking surface when set at highest setting, wherein the second maximum heat output provided to the second portion is greater than the first maximum heat output provided to the first portion of the cooking surface.

Abstract: A gas burner apparatus for discharging a mixture of fuel gas, air and flue gas into a furnace space of a furnace wherein the mixture is burned and flue gas having a low content of nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide is formed is provided. The burner tile includes at least one gas circulation port extending though the wall of the tile. The interior surface of the wall of the tile includes a Coanda surface. Fuel gas and/or flue gas conducted through the gas circulation port follows the path of the Coanda surface which allows more flue gas to be introduced into the stream. The exterior surface of the wall of the tile also includes a Coanda surface for facilitating the creation of a staged combustion zone. Also provided are improved burner tiles, improved gas tips and methods of burning a mixture of air, fuel gas and flue gas in a furnace space.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion in which a pressurized preheated liquid fuel is atomized and a portion thereof flash vaporized, creating a mixture of fuel vapor and liquid droplets. The mixture is mixed with primary combustion oxidant, producing a fuel/primary oxidant mixture which is then injected into a primary combustion chamber in which the fuel/primary oxidant mixture is partially combusted, producing a secondary gaseous fuel containing hydrogen and carbon oxides. The secondary gaseous fuel is mixed with a secondary combustion oxidant and injected into the second combustion chamber wherein complete combustion of the secondary gaseous fuel is carried out. The resulting second stage flue gas containing very low amounts of NOx is then vented from the second combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel reformer burner in which fuel gas and anode-off-gas (AOG) may be burned and backfire may be prevented during combustion of AOG includes a fuel supply portion, an anode-off-gas (AOG) supply portion; and a combustion air supply portion. The fuel supply portion and the AOG supply portion are arranged inside the combustion air supply portion, which is formed to extend beyond the discharge sides of the fuel supply portion and the AOG supply portion.

Abstract: A rich-lean combustion burner has a supply channel through which a lean-side mixture is supplied to lean-side flame holes; and a supply channel through which a rich-side mixture is supplied to rich-side flame holes. The supply channels are partitioned from each other. A third plate member including a pair of plate parts which are bent to form a V shape at its lower end edge as a fold line is employed to form a central rich-side burner part. A slit part is partitioned and formed between side edges of a pair of first plate members on both longitudinal sides for forming lean-side flame holes on width-wise sides of the central rich-side burner part. With the lower end part in front, the V-shaped third plate members inserted into the slit part, thereby being interposed between the first plate members.

Abstract: A high efficiency laminar flow burner system for proving a stream of heat energy including a supply input module for providing fuel and laminar streams of air to a combustion manifold. The laminar air delivery system includes a damper, a blower, and an air delivery controller. The air delivery controller receives an efficiency signal to control the flow of a laminar air intake stream by adjusting the damper. The combustion manifold includes an air-fuel mixing system, a stoichiometric unit, and a refractory unit each coupled to one another. The laminar air intake stream traveling from the supply input module passes through a stoichiometric unit body to meet with a first combustion stream from an air-fuel mixing chamber within the stoichiometric unit body to define a second combustion stream. The second combustion stream then travels across the refractory passageway to define a third combustion stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating system and a method for operating said system, comprising a first and a second heating device (1, 2) and a common control unit (3), wherein the first and the second heating device (1, 2) is designed such that it can be operated with the same fluid fuel and that it can be controlled by means of the control unit (3). According to the invention, at least one time-dependent process parameter of the control unit (3) is intended and/or used as a calculation basis for determining fuel consumption values of the first and/or second heating device (1, 2).

Abstract: A gas-fired water heater includes a pilot assembly that provides a pilot flame deflector. The pilot flame deflector causes the pilot flame to surround a hot junctions end of a thermopile. The flame deflector does not cover a cold junctions end of the thermopile, such that the cold junctions are ventilated. A temperature differential between the hot and cold junctions is increase by ventilating the cold junctions and surrounding the hot junctions with the pilot flame. The temperature differential is further increased by radiant and convective heat applied to the hot junctions as a result of the flame deflector.

Abstract: Gas burner (1) comprising a main metal body (6), an inner lance (11) for combustible gas, at least two outer lances (10) for combustible gas, a single duct (8) for conveying pre-heated air, a regulation system for the combustible gas, a refractory unit (30), characterized in that said gas burner (1) comprises a series of nozzles (20) for the injection of the preheated air into the combustion chamber, and in that, by operating on the gas regulation system, it is possible to switch, with continuity, from a flame functioning mode of the burner to a flameless functioning mode, the latter characterized by low emissions of polluting agents.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an apparatus can comprise a dual fuel pilot assembly. The pilot assembly can comprise a first fuel dispenser, a second fuel dispenser, an igniter and at least one of a thermocouple, and a thermopile. The pilot assembly can be configured to direct heat from combustion of one of either a first fuel or a second fuel to the at least one of the thermocouple and the thermopile.

Abstract: A dual fuel heater can couple with one of two fuel sources operating at different pressures. The dual fuel heater can have a first fuel line, a second fuel line, a fluid flow controller, and a combustion chamber. The fluid flow controller can selectively permit flow of a first fuel to either the first fuel line or flow of a second fuel to the second fuel line. The first fuel line can be in communication with a first oxygen depletion sensor orifice and the second fuel line can be in communication with a second oxygen depletion sensor orifice.

Abstract: In a rich-lean burner, a gap formed between a lean-flame port and a rich-flame port is in fluid communication with a supply passage through which a lean gas is to be supplied to the lean-flame port. One or more projections are provided on at least one of partition plates disposed between the gap and the lean-flame port and between the gap and the rich-flame port. A recessed portion is formed at a region adjacent to the lean-flame ports at an interface between the distal end of at least one of the projections protruding from one of the partition plates and the other of the partition plates, the distal end of the at least one of the projections being partially not in contact with the other of the partition plates to provide a clearance through which the lean gas is allowed to be supplied to the gap.

Abstract: A burner assembly comprising a burner casing having two or more separate chambers therein, the chambers being divided from each other by one or more walls. The assembly also comprises one or more input conduits each configured to deliver different fuel-air mixtures to at least one of the separated chambers.

Abstract: A row of rich-side flame holes of a combustion burner is arranged in center. Two rows of lean-side flame holes are arranged respectively on sides of the rich-side flame hole row. Two rows of rich-side flame holes are arranged respectively on the outsides of the two lean-side flame hole rows. Supply of lean-side mixture is provided to the lean-side flame hole rows from a tubular part. A lower end part of a central rich-side burner part is projected into a tubular part, into which the rich-side mixture is introduced, to establish lateral fluid communication, with its lower end edge placed in a state of non-contact with the inner surface of the tubular part. First communication holes in fluid communication with an internal space are opened in the lower end part. Communication holes in fluid communication with the outer rich-side flame holes are opened in the inside of the tubular part.

Abstract: A fuel-fired high capacity liquid heating appliance, representatively a boiler or a water heater, has a fluid heat exchanger extending around a combustion chamber into which first and second fuel burners extend, the first and second burners respectively having associated blowers for supplying combustion air thereto. Illustratively, the combustion chamber is oval-shaped, with the burners extending into opposite ends the combustion chamber If one of the burners is not firing while the other burner is firing, a control system starts the non-firing burner's blower, to protect it from overheating by the firing burner, if the control system senses an excess temperature in the non-firing burner. The heat exchanger comprises a series of fluid receiving tubes extending between baffle-free header structures iteratively sized to equalize fluid flow rates through the heat exchanger tubes over a wide flow rate range.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an apparatus includes a control valve for regulating fuel flow. The apparatus can include a burner and a valve assembly. In some embodiments, the valve assembly includes a housing, which can define a first fuel input for receiving a first fuel from a first fuel source and a second fuel input for receiving a second fuel from a second fuel source. The housing can define a first fuel output for directing fuel toward the control valve, and can define a third fuel input for receiving a portion of either the first fuel or the second fuel from the control valve. The housing can define a first egress flow path and a second egress flow path, each for directing fuel to the burner. In certain embodiments, the apparatus includes a valve body configured to selectively permit fluid communication between the first and second inputs and the output and between the third input and the egress flow paths.

Abstract: A burner fire cap for a gas cooktop includes a substantially annular cover body. A plane is configured on the cover body. At least two bosses protruding from the plane are distributed in a peripheral direction of the fire cap on the plane. Fire holes are disposed on the bosses. In the burner fire cap for a gas cooktop, at least two bosses are disposed and the fire holes are disposed on the bosses. As compared with a burner fire cap for a gas cooktop in the prior art, the distribution of the fire holes on the fire cap is changed, thereby enhancing the uniformity for heating a bottom of a utensil by using a burner having the fire cap.

Abstract: Gas burner provided with a plurality of concentric flame crowns, and comprising a first central burner to supply a peripheral flame ring, a second annular burner surrounding the central burner at a defined distance and able of supplying at least a respective peripheral ring, a burner body apt to be mounted on the surface of a cooking hob, a first gas inlet in communication with the body, a first vertical gas injector, the central burner being provided with a first chamber for the diffusion of the air/gas mixture, a second gas inlet in communication with the body, wherein the second annular burner is provided with two separate chambers for the diffusion of the mixture, wherein the second gas inlet is in communication with the two separate chambers through suitable injection and conveying means, which comprise two distinct injectors in communication with the second gas inlet, and two respective horizontal Venturi pipes each of which being able of supplying with the air/gas mixture a respective of the two diffus

Abstract: A lean-rich burner is provided, in which an air-rich flame and a fuel-rich flame are formed by a simple structure, thereby reducing the emission of noxious gas and enabling stable combustion. The lean-rich burner includes: a main flame part (110) for burning a fuel-rich mixture in which primary air, which is some of air supplied by a blower, and fuel are mixed; auxiliary flame parts (120) installed on left and right sides of the main flame part (110) to burn an air-rich mixture; a main mixture channel (130) for supplying the fuel-rich mixture to the main flame part (110); a mixture distribution hole (140) formed along the main mixture channel (130) to supply some of the mixture flowing along the main mixture channel (130) to the auxiliary flame parts (120); and a Venturi part (150) having a Venturi structure in which secondary air inflow holes (151) are formed to mix secondary air, which is some of the air supplied by the blower, with the mixture introduced through the mixture distribution hole (140).

Abstract: A catalytic reactor for a gas turbine engine comprising an air inlet, a premixing zone, a reacting zone comprising a reactive portion and a nonreactive portion, a post reaction mixing zone, a first fuel injection system for introducing fuel into the reactive portion, and a second fuel injection system for introducing fuel into the nonreactive portion.

Abstract: A method of combusting non-gaseous fuel to heat a load in a process chamber includes the steps of injecting reactant streams into a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber does not contain a load to be heated, but communicates with the process chamber through a burner port. A first reactant stream includes the non-gaseous fuel, and is injected into the combustion chamber to cause the non-gaseous fuel to volatilize in the combustion chamber. A second reactant stream, which includes a premix of gaseous fuel and primary oxidant, also is injected into the combustion chamber. The first and second reactant streams then combust together to yield products of combustion that flow through the burner port from the combustion chamber to the process chamber. Importantly, the second reactant stream is injected into the combustion chamber adjacent to the first reactant stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for starting a burner for combusting synthesis gases, wherein said burner comprises first and second fuel passages, the first fuel passage encompasses the second fuel passage in a substantially concentric manner and the gas transferred to the burner is mixed with combusting air and is combusted. According to said invention, in order to start the burner, the second fuel passage is first loaded with a synthesis gas to a predefined burner power at a first starting phase and the first fuel passage is loaded with the synthesis gas at a second starting phase.

Abstract: A combustor, in which a flame holding region is formed at a location distant from a pilot burner to avoid burnout of the pilot burner and in which flame holding capability is increased to use a lean pre-mix gas for reducing NOx emission, is provided. The combustor includes a combustion liner having a cylindrical side wall that defines a combustion chamber; and a main burner positioned at a top portion of the combustion liner for injecting an annular pre-mix gas into the combustion chamber to form a reverse flow region at a downstream portion thereof, which region is oriented towards the top portion of the combustion chamber along a longitudinal axis. In this combustor, a pilot burner is arranged at the top portion for injecting a mixture of fuel and air only in a direction confronting the reverse flow region.

Abstract: Provided is a multiple fuel manifold system. A multiple fuel manifold system may be adapted for operation engagement with a first associated fluid fuel source and a second associated fluid fuel source. A multiple fuel manifold system may be further adapted for engagement with a burner. A multiple fuel manifold system may comprise a first manifold and a second manifold.

Abstract: A multiple gas pilot burner assembly for a household heating appliance. The pilot burner includes an injector having a first conduit for receiving a flow of a first combustible fluid, a second conduit for receiving a flow of a second combustible fluid and a third conduit connected to and in fluid communication with the first and second conduits which is configured to receive the flow of the first combustible fluid from the first conduit or the flow of the second combustible fluid from the second conduit. A single nozzle at the outlet of the third conduit is provided for supplying a pilot flame. The assembly also includes a single flame igniter positioned to cause an ignition of the pilot flame at the nozzle and also a single thermocouple positioned to be heated by the pilot flame and to generate an electrical current when heated.

Abstract: A multistage combustor is configured for starting a fuel cell system, and includes a partial oxidation (POX) burner having an inlet for receiving a flow of a fuel/oxidant mixture, the POX burner being configured to partially oxidize fuel in the fuel/oxidant mixture to yield a partially oxidized gas; a first output coupled to the fuel cell system and configured to provide a first amount of the partially oxidized gas as first output gas to a first fuel cell system component; a second burner coupled to the POX burner, the second burner being configured to receive a second amount of the partially oxidized gas from the POX burner and to oxidize at least some remaining fuel to yield a second output gas different from the first output gas; and a second output coupled to a second fuel cell system component and configured to provide the second output gas to the second fuel cell system component.

Abstract: A dual fuel vent free gas heater having at least one gas burner with a plurality of gas outlet ports. The gas outlet ports are in flow communication with at least one pilot flame burner. At least one fuel injector feeds fuel to the burner providing for introduction of more than one fuel to the burner. Optionally, an oxygen detection system, manual control valve, linkage, and/or shut off control system may be incorporated into the dual fuel vent free heater.

Abstract: A burner assembly that produces very low NOx emissions includes a plurality of furnace gas openings for receiving a portion of furnace gasses back into a combustion cylinder. The burner assembly includes the combustion cylinder, a plurality of combustion air inlet conduits that extend into the cylinder and a plurality of fuel gas discharge nozzles that also extend into the cylinder. The burner assembly is mounted within a combustion chamber of a furnace, wherein the walls of the combustion chamber are provided with or are made up of heat transfer pipes.

Abstract: An improved induced draft gas burner assembly (31, 131, 231, 331, 431, 531, 631) for low NOx residential and light commercial gas furnaces (10, 10a) is disclosed. The improved burner includes an upstream assembly coupled to a fuel inlet (55) and an air inlet (43). The air inlet (43) is coupled to a neck (41, 141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641) extending between the air inlet (43) and the outlet of the neck (41, 141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641), both of which may be disposed within an optional chamber (42, 142, 242, 342, 442). If used, such a chamber (42, 142, 242, 342, 442) also includes an outlet coupled to a burner (46, 146, 246, 346, 546, 646). In practice, the chamber (42, 142, 242, 342, 442) and neck (41, 141, 241, 341, 441, 541, 641) behave as a Helmholtz resonator that can be tuned to provide an upstream impedance Zup that exceeds the downstream impedance Zdown of the components downstream of the burner assembly (31, 131, 231, 331, 431, 531, 631).

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking.

Abstract: A pilot (10) is shown for igniting a combustible fluid stream. The pilot comprises an inlet (12), for receiving a fuel gas (14), including a fuel and air/oxygen mixture, into the pilot. Ignition means (16), for example a spark igniter or an ignition electrode, are provided for igniting the fuel gas (14). A generally annular conduit (18) is open along an annular extent forming a circumferential aperture (20). The conduit (18) conveys fuel gas from the inlet to the circumferential aperture. When the fuel gas flowing out of the circumferential aperture (20) is ignited a continuous annular pilot flame is generated radially of the conduit.

Abstract: A secondary nozzle for a combustor includes a feed nozzle having center channel surrounded by a fuel channel and a pilot channel. The secondary nozzle also includes a housing that surrounds at least a portion of the feed nozzle and includes a fuel inlet channel in a first plane and pilot inlet feed channel in a second plane different than the first plane, the fuel inlet channel and the pilot inlet feed channel interconnected to one another within the housing.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a valve assembly includes a housing. The housing can define a first fuel input and a second fuel input. The housing can further define a first flow path, a second flow path, a third flow path, and a fourth flow path. The assembly can include a fluid flow controller configured to selectively permit fluid communication between the first fuel input and either the first flow path or the second flow path, and configured to selectively permit fluid communication between the second fuel input and either the third flow path or the fourth flow path. The assembly can further include a first nozzle member defining an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the first nozzle member can be in fluid communication with the first flow path. The assembly can further include a second nozzle member defining an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the second nozzle member can be in fluid communication with the second flow path.

Abstract: A burner for range covers or similar, to allow a broad range of calorific capacities, and a better burner distribution in the cover, with a generally semi-rectangular form, and containing a plurality of ports and a plurality of manners to ignite it, wherein the burner is capable of interacting with other burners at determined length and height distances, creating discontinuous flames between the burners.

Abstract: A burner (23) for operating a heat generator includes a swirler (2) for a combustion air flow (9), and also devices (7, 12) for injecting at least one fuel into the combustion air flow (9), wherein a mixing path (3) is arranged downstream of the swirler (2), and wherein at least one nozzle (20) for feeding liquid pilot fuel is arranged in the region radially outside the discharge opening of the mixing path (3) of the burner. With such a burner, an operating mode which is as pollutant-free and overheating-free as possible can be enabled even at low load and under transient conditions if the at least one nozzle (20) is arranged in a burner front plate (32), wherein at least one discharge opening (15), through which the pilot fuel discharges into the combustion chamber (16), is provided in a front face (34) of the burner front plate (32), which is arranged essentially parallel to a combustion chamber rear wall (28).

Abstract: A dual fuel heater can couple with one of two fuel sources operating at different pressures. The dual fuel heater can have a first fuel line, a second fuel line, a fluid flow controller, and a combustion chamber. The fluid flow controller can selectively permit flow of a first fuel to either the first fuel line or flow of a second fuel to the second fuel line. The first fuel line can be in communication with a first oxygen depletion sensor orifice and the second fuel line can be in communication with a second oxygen depletion sensor orifice.

Abstract: A grill for cooking includes a first set of burners and a second set of burners wherein at least one burner of the first set of burners is interdigitally arranged with burners of the second set of burners. The grill further includes a first valve that controls a flow of fuel to the first set of burners and a second valve that controls a flow of fuel to the second set of burners.

Abstract: A gas fired catalytic heater is provided that foregoes the need for an electrical heating element to provide the activation energy for the hydrocarbon catalyst pad. An alcohol self-igniting catalyst pad is used to provide the activation energy to the hydrocarbon catalyst pad thereby removing dependence of the heater on an outside electrical energy source to initiate start-up of the heater. The catalyst pad includes a flexible wash coat; a noble metal dispersed on the wash coat; an anti-sintering element saturating the wash coat; and a catalyst promoter saturating the wash coat.

Abstract: A pilot ignition system for an outdoor gas appliance provides a pilot igniter that is isolated from the ambient wind around the burner by physically distancing the pilot igniter from the burners. The distance is overcome by providing a jet of gas to a nozzle slightly upstream of the pilot, the jet of gas being directed toward the burner. The jet of gas is ignited by the pilot resulting in a torch or jet of flame extending from the pilot igniter through the downstream length of an enclosure to the burner. The jet of flame bridges the distance between the pilot igniter and the burner, while the distance itself isolates the pilot light from wind in the vicinity of the burner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the supplying power to burners for oxy-fuel combustion glass melting furnaces, including a fuel injecting means and a hot oxygen power supplying means, the dispensing of oxygen being carried out so as to develop a staged combustion, a fraction of the oxygen being concurrently injected into the fuel, said oxygen being supplied essentially without heating prior to the supplying thereof into the fuel injecting means.

Abstract: The present invention explains a method of operating a multi-fuel combustion system. It consist of a first phase and a second phase, wherein the first phase comprises of providing ignition to a combustor basket to ignite a first type of fuel, where the first type of fuel is supplied to the combustor basket through a first conduit. Also in first phase steam is also supplied to the first conduit in addition to the first type of fuel and steam is supplied to the second conduit after the ignition. In the second phase a second type of fuel is supplied to the combustor basket after ignition of the first fuel through the second conduit, while stopping the supply of the first fuel.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as those employed in steam cracking. The burner includes a primary air chamber for supplying a first portion of air, a burner tube having an upstream end and a downstream end, a burner tip having an outer diameter, the burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip producing a gaseous fuel flame, at least one air port in fluid communication with a secondary air chamber for supplying a second portion of air, the at least one air port radially positioned beyond the outer diameter of the burner tip and at least one non-gaseous fuel gun for supplying atomized non-gaseous fuel, the at least one non-gaseous fuel gun having at least one fuel discharge orifice, the at least one non-gaseous fuel gun positioned within the at least one air port.

Abstract: The invention concerns a gas burner (1) with multiple concentric flame rings, comprising: a central burner (2) with a central ring of flame orifices (5), and axial central gas injector (6) and convergent-divergent means (7) forming venturi; and an annular outer burner (3) coaxially surrounding the central burner and provided with at least one annular ring of flame orifices (9), gas injecting means (10) and convergent-divergent means (12) forming venturis; the gas injecting means (10) include several radial gas injectors (11) around the central injector (6); the convergent-divergent means (12) include several radial convergent-divergent conduits (13) forming tubular venturis coaxial respectively to the radial injectors (11) and emerging in the annular outer burner.

Abstract: A gas burner apparatus for discharging a mixture of fuel gas, air and flue gas into a furnace space of a furnace wherein the mixture is burned and flue gas having a low content of nitrous oxides and carbon monoxide is formed is provided. The burner tile includes at least one gas circulation port extending though the wall of the tile. The interior surface of the wall of the tile includes a Coanda surface. Fuel gas and/or flue gas conducted through the gas circulation port follows the path of the Coanda surface which allows more flue gas to be introduced into the stream. The exterior surface of the wall of the tile also includes a Coanda surface for facilitating the creation of a staged combustion zone. Also provided are improved burner tiles, improved gas tips and methods of burning a mixture of air, fuel gas and flue gas in a furnace space.

Abstract: A remotely actuated pilot gas valve includes safe lighting and complete shutoff capabilities in the event that the flame that is heating a thermocouple is extinguished. The invention provides for a heater system that utilizes such a pilot gas valve as well as a method whereby the pilot gas valve used in such a system can be remotely and electronically actuated when required. Remote actuation is accomplished by use of a solenoid that is incorporated within the valve design and which is controlled by a remote operator.

Abstract: The invention is an electrically operated gas/oil burner which is the improved version of “Electronically Igniting Fuel Oil Burner” documented before Turkish Patent Institute with number of TR 2007 01880 U, and before French and German Patent Offices abroad. Its specification is to burn gas/oil, and to provide efficient burning (blue burning) by atomizing fuel oil.

Abstract: A method for reducing self-induced flame oscillations is provided. In a first fluid mass flow flowing through a jet nozzle from a fluid inlet opening to a fluid outlet opening, a second fluid mass flow is injected on an axial position of the jet nozzle positioned downstream from the fluid inlet opening. One fluid mass flow includes air, and the other fluid mass flow includes a fuel. A second method for reducing self-induced flame oscillations is also provided. In a first fluid mass flow flowing through a jet nozzle from a fluid inlet opening to a fluid outlet opening, a second fluid mass flow is injected on a radial position of the jet nozzle in relation to the circumference of the jet nozzle. One mass flow includes air and the other fluid mass flow includes a fuel. Burners which ensure the execution of the method are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a burner assembly that includes a burner body having a combustible gas chamber from which a combustible gas is distributed to a plurality of burner ports at which the combustible gas can be combusted and a stability chamber in gas-flow communication with the combustible gas chamber for maintaining the combustion of the combustible gas in the stability chamber whenever the combustion of the combustible gas at the plurality of burner ports is disturbed, whereby the combustion of the combustible gas at the plurality of the burner ports may be resumed upon the cessation of the disturbance. The burner assembly can also include a burner cap for closing off the top of the burner body so as to substantially preclude the escape of the combustible gas from the combustible gas chamber, the stability gas chamber and the burner ports at the top of the burner body.

Abstract: A gas circuit with a pilot light system for ranges includes pilot tubes from a gas manifold to burner assemblies. Quick connect couplings are provided between the pilot tubes and manifold so that the pilot tube can be removed easily. Two or more tubes can be connected to a single coupling. A master shutoff interrupts flow to the cooktop without interrupting flow to the oven.

Abstract: A means capable of supplying exhaust gas sufficiently imitating exhaust gas from actual diesel engines is provided. A PM generating apparatus has a constitution in which combustion air supplied to the space between a chassis and an outer casing via an air inlet is introduced into the space between the outer casing and an inner casing via through-holes of the outer casing, and a fuel injected by an fuel-injection means into the space between the chassis and the outer casing is introduced into the space between the outer casing and the inner casing via the through-holes of the outer casing, wherein the fuel is combusted to generate PM.