Abstract: A wick extender is provided that may be used with candles that have such short wicks that the candles are not easily lightable. The wick extender includes a wick affixed to a rigid support member.

Abstract: A candle is provided having a body of a meltable fuel and a planar wick. When lit, the candle provides a unique flame formation, usable in a variety of decorative applications. The wick can be configured to evenly deplete the meltable fuel, while allowing for candles having relatively large and unique body configurations. Optionally, the body of candle and/or the wick may include scented oil to promote the release of fragrance upon heating and the wick may comprise wood, thereby providing an acoustic contribution to ambiance, improved combustion that generates less soot than conventional candles.

Abstract: A non-metal candle wick made from coffee filters which produce an increased flame size and less non-combustible residue. The non-metal candle wick is manufactured by a method wherein coffee filters are placed in an alcohol bath, dried, cut and twisted into the desired shape, placed in a molten wax bath, and then removed for drying.

Abstract: A wind resistant candle having a base formed of a substance that, when sufficiently heated, produces a vapor. The base includes a wick that absorbs small amounts of a liquid form of the base substance. The wick is formed from a bundle of fibers that transform the substance of the base into a vapor and ignite the vapor when the fibers are sufficiently heated. At least one of the wick fibers is formed of a pyrophoric material.

Abstract: A wick for a candle/lamp. The wick includes a core and a cotton jacket. The core is comprised of a composition of varying ceramic fiber compounds that eliminate contribution of wick material to the combustion of the candle/oil lamp. The cotton jacket over braids the core in order to maintain sufficient flow of fuel, and which burns off during initial lighting. The inert inner core is the mechanism for combustion and does not contribute to the mass of material being consumed, thus lessening potential for smoking. The wick does not degrade after the cotton jacket bums off therefore lessening the propensity for sooting and smoking. The cotton jacket remains intact below the fuel or wick holder level, thus insuring a constant flow of the fuel to feed the flames.

Abstract: A candlewick for use in a candle system includes two or more wicks which are intertwined and at least one binding member, such as a generally non-wicking yarn, which holds the wicks intertwined. The binding member decomposes in response to heat generated by a single flame fueled by the wicks so that the wicks separate from each other to define a pair of wick ends which fuel the single flame.

Abstract: A compression-molded candle product having multiple layers and method of maufacture thereof are disclosed. The candle may be optionally configured to dispense one or more volatile additives. The additive may be fragrances, sanitization agents, deodorants, insect control compounds or any other volatile material, or mixture thereof. The candle may optionally have separate colorants in each layer.

Abstract: The present invention includes a scented candle and method of making scented candles comprised of an inner core having a higher concentration of fragrance than the outer shell. The combination of a lightly scented or unscented exterior wax with a relatively higher scented inner core produces a scented candle that can have high concentrations of fragrance but that is not oily or malleable to the touch and need not be formed in glass jars or other containers.

Abstract: A flame-retardant wick holder for a candle is made of a plastic having a UL-94 vertical burn test rating of at least V-0. The wick holder has a bore for holding a wick at the bottom of a candle. The wick holder is provided so that when the candle and wick burn down to the level of the wick holder, the material of the wick holder causes the flame on the wick to extinguish, thereby preventing flashover of the residual candle fuel at the end of the candle useful life. The wick holder is preferably made of a polyethersulfone (PES).

Abstract: Knit candle wicks provide a stable, higher yield yet similar burn rate or flame height as compared to lower yield braided candle wicks by providing improved capillary flow as well as an increase in the functional surface area. In addition, candle burning safety is improved as the wicks of this invention provide a self-trimming wick that creates a more stable flame height and uniform wax pool diameter as the candle burns. In preferred forms, the knit wicks of this invention are a warp knit construction in which the interlocking loops run lengthwise in the direction of the wick material. In addition, the various warp knit constructions can comprise both interlocking loop or warp ends as well as weft or laid-in yarns.

Abstract: Process for producing a candle surrounded by a container in which a prefabricated candle blank which does not completely fill the interior of the container is inserted and fixed in the container. An intermediate space between the candle blank and the inside wall of the container is then filled with liquid candle material and the container which has been filled in this way is allowed to cool. In order to be able to fix the inserted candle blank stationary in the container, before insertion into the container, the candle blank is heated on its bottom and its bottom which has become sticky in this way is located on the bottom of the container. The candle blank is immediately fixed in its position by releasing the heat of the heated bottom to the container bottom.

Abstract: An inclusion candle includes an inner core formed of wax and a wick, an outer annulus formed of wax and an inflammable inclusion and a mesh sleeve disposed Intermediate the core and the annulus. The sleeve defines interstices therethrough, the wax of the core and the wax of the annulus binding together through the interstices of the sleeve. The sleeve is formed of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with that of the annulus wax to preclude cracking of said annulus during candle formation and candle burning.

Abstract: In a structure of a burning portion of an alcohol-fueled ignitor provided with a wick for drawing up fuel alcohol in a fuel reservoir by capillarity from one end portion thereof to the other end portion and burning the fuel alcohol at the other end portion, the wick is formed of glass fibers and said the other end portion of the wick at which the fuel alcohol is burnt is exposed in a surface area of 30 mm2 to 170 mm2.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burning device comprising a wick for sucking and burning a liquid fuel contained in a fuel tank by capillarity and a vent passage which is provided in a portion other than a fuel passage used by the wick and allows communication between an interior of the fuel tank and the outside air at least during combustion.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burner has a wick for drawing up by capillarity of a draw-up section liquid fuel composed mainly of alcohol contained in a fuel tank and for burning it at a tip flame-producing section, a wick holder for holding the wick, an igniter for lighting the wick and a closure cap for preventing evaporation capable of sealing the wick openably and closably, and a flame-producing section of the wick is made noncircular in cross-sectional shape to increase the surface area exposed above the wick holder.

Abstract: In a combustion appliance provided with a combustion wick for sucking up a liquid fuel by the utilization of capillarity and burning it, the combustion wick is constituted, such that a flame length in accordance with the application of the combustion appliance can be obtained, such that little change in fuel feed rate may occur due to a change in amount of residual fuel, and such that the flame length may not change. The combustion wick (6) comprises a sucking section (61) for sucking up the liquid fuel and a heat-resistant burning section (62), which are made from different materials and connected to each other.

Abstract: A portable or canned heat product is made where a liquid fuel is added to a filler made of bicomponent curled fibers with the fibers substantially oriented such that the axes of the fibers are parallel to the axis of a container holding these fibers and this filler and fuel provides an easy to ignite wick free heating device and a method to make ignition of a fiber surface easier.

Abstract: A composite candle including an exterior shell of candle wax having at least one circular and/or specially-shaped inner core region in which a wick is positioned. When the wick is ignited, provision is made for consuming only that wax contained in the inner core region so as to create a core-sized cavity of a size to subsequently receive a candle core replacement adapted for insertion into the cavity. The exterior shell is not melted by the heat of the candle flame, and candle core replacements may therefore be employed indefinitely. Also included is a method of making composite candles in which one or more cavity-defining inserts are installed within a shell, and candle wax is then poured within the insert(s) and the region(s) between the insert(s) and an exterior surface-defining mold.

Abstract: In a combustion appliance provided with a combustion wick for sucking up a liquid fuel by the utilization of capillarity and burning it, functions for automatically extinguishing the fire after the combustion has been carried out for a predetermined length of time are constituted with a simple mechanism. The combustion wick (6), which comprises a sucking section for sucking up a liquid fuel by the utilization of capillarity and a burning section for burning the sucked-up liquid fuel, is divided at an intermediate position into a burning section side subdivision (6A) and a sucking section side subdivision (6B). The combustion wick (6) is located such that at least either one of the subdivisions can be moved in a direction that comes into contact with the other and in a direction that separates from the other. The fuel is fed from the sucking section side subdivision (6B) to the burning section side subdivision (6A) when they are brought into contact with each other.

Abstract: A disposable fuel burner 10 is disclosed which comprises a container 11 having a closed bottom wall 12, an enclosing sidewall 13 and an open top 14, and at least partially filled with a liquid fuel 15. A support member 16 is supported adjacent the open top 14 above the fuel 15, and having a centrally located opening 17 of various diameters for receiving one end of an elongated wick 18 of a fibrous material. The support member 16 may be a cardboard or plastic disk supported on legs 21a, a cylinder 21, or may be a cup-shaped member 30. A first layer of fibrous material 22 substantially fills the open top 14 and overlies the support member and the end of the wick supported thereon and acts as an interface between the fuel 15 and the atmosphere. A second layer of a plastic 23, e.g., polyurethane, foam material overlies the first layer. A top cover 27 is secured on the container 11 closing the open top 14 and is at least partially removable, e.g.

Abstract: The invention has a container (50) for a fuel (W) with at least a partial cover (55) in which there is a non-combustible wick (52) in a wick holder (100). Above the container (50) near the wick holder there is at least one roller or upright body (RK) or in the container (50) there is a disc of solid fuel (W) around the wick holder (100), whereby the fuel of the roller and upright body (RK) or of the disc is melted by the flame and cover heat and collected by the container (50) and/or by the wick holder (100) as supplementary fuel. The wick holder (100) is suspended in an aperture (56) of the container cover (55), so that the wick holder (100) is not in direct heat-tansmitting contact with the container base (50b).

Abstract: A portable, contained, fueled, ready-to-use campfire assembly having a fire resistant container with an upwardly facing mouth. The container is filled with a mixture of mineral spirits, paraffin wax and hardwood chips. No additional fuel, mixing, pouring, or lighting is required and a long lasting fire is provided that resists moderate winds, is readily extinguished and does not give out dangerous sparks.

Abstract: A candle embedded with metal particulates is provided that includes a candle body, one or more wick wells, and one or more wicks. The candle body is formed of a moldable and combustible material, such as paraffin or wax. Additionally, the candle body includes a plurality of metal particulates disposed within the moldable and combustible material. Each wick is disposed within a wick well which is essentially a region of moldable and combustible material that is devoid of metal particulates so as to promote more uniform burning of the candle. Preferably, the metal particulates are aluminum wedge shaped flakes. The function of the metal particulates is threefold: 1) they maintain the shape and size of the candle throughout its burn life; 2) they conduct heat from the flame throughout the candle body to permit melting and flowing of liquid wax throughout the candle body to the wicks; and 3) they reflect the candle flame light from the top surface of the candle.

Abstract: The invention comprises a fray-resistant wick made up of an elongated fiber core with a web surrounding the core, and a jacket surrounding the web. The web has a lower melting point than both the core and the jacket, with the web and jacket fusibly or adhesively bonded to the core to form an integral structure. The core or jacket may comprise a fiber glass yarn, and the web a thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene. The method of making the fray-resistant wick comprises forming an enlongated core of the fiber material and surrounding the core with the web, and then surrounding the web with the jacket. Heating the core, web and jacket to a sufficiently high temperature fuses the core and jacket to the web, thereby forming an integral wick structure. In an alternative embodiment, the method comprises surrounding the core with a web of adhesive material for the purpose of bonding the core and jacket.

Abstract: A disposable fuel burner 10 is disclosed which comprises a container 11 having a closed bottom wall 12, an enclosing sidewall 13 and an open top 14, and at least partially filled with a liquid fuel 15. A support member 16 is supported adjacent the open top 14 above the fuel 15, and having a centrally located opening 17 of various diameters for receiving one end of an elongated wick 18 of a fibrous material. The support member 16 may be a cardboard or plastic disk supported on legs 21a, a cylinder 21, or may be a cup-shaped member 30. A first layer of fibrous material 22 substantially fills the open top 14 and overlies the support member and the end of the wick supported thereon and acts as an interface between the fuel 15 and the atmosphere. A second layer of a plastic 23, e.g., polyurethane, foam material overlies the first layer. A top cover 27 is secured on the container 11 closing the open top 14 and is at least partially removable, e.g.

Abstract: An anode wick for use with electrochemical fuel cells, in accordance with the invention, establishes a physical connection between a fuel cell's anode membrane surface and a liquid water reservoir. Wicking action substantially ensures the cell's anode surface is continually bathed in water. Two mechanical check valves are incorporated to effectively prevent mixing of gaseous hydrogen and oxygen gases in the event the fuel cell system's water tanks become over pressurized. This design can effectively eliminate the need for some of a conventional fuel cell system's pumps and/or compressors. Advantageously, the invention also reduces the overall weight and mechanical complexity of the fuel cell system, thereby improving system reliability.

Abstract: A reusable burner device which provides a flame for warming or cooking food or liquids, which includes a canister carrying fuel such as diethyleneglycol (D.E.G.) or mineral spirits, with a burner assembly therein, which includes an unique wick structure which extends down into the fuel, which includes a plurality of parallel, co-planer strands containing a plurality of threads in side by side arrangement with a thermal conducting wire woven thereabout, which wick is set at a predetermined height to provide a hot flame with a fixed burn time. The device is provided with a cap to close off the burner assembly.

Abstract: A cap for closing the burner of a liquid fuel cell and protecting the burner wick. The burner wick has upraised adjustable tabs that can be separated to control the heat output of the cell. The cap contains a die member that is arranged to move between the tabs when the cap is closed over the burner to position the tabs at a desired standard heat setting that is best suited for a majority of fuel cell applications.

Abstract: A wick composition for incendiary devices is disclosed which enables an improved and controlled burn rate. The wick composition comprises:(a) about 25 to about 75 weight percent of a nitrate compound selected from the group consisting of cellulose nitrate, cellulose trinitrate, polyvinyl nitrate, and ammonium nitrate;(b) a nitrate stabilizer; and(c) a wick or string material.

Abstract: A disposable, adjustable flame, canned fuel apparatus comprises a container having closed sides and bottom and having an open top; a fuel absorbent pad disposed in upper regions of the container relatively adjacent to its open top; a flammable liquid disposed in the container; an elongate wick disposed in the container and having an upper end region in fluid communication with the pad and having a lower end region extending into lower regions of the container and into the flammable liquid contained therein; and an adjustable flame assembly attached across the top of the container.

Abstract: A die-cut wick for use in the burner of a disposable fuel cell formed from a single sheet of wicking material so that the wick has two symmetrical half-sections situated on either side of a vertical center line and which are folded along the center line into a face-to-face alignment. Each half-section further includes an elongated lower body segment containing a horizontally-disposed upper edge, a narrow neck segment centered on the upper edge of the body segment and a tab vertically extending therefrom to a given height. The neck is slidably received within a burner of a fuel cell so that it can be raised or lowered between limits to control the flame height and the amount of heat produced by the burner. The tabs are foldable toward and away from each other to further control the flame geometry and distribution of the heat.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burner is disclosed, comprising a cup-shaped housing having a fuel inlet; a plate enclosing the top of the housing, the plate having fuel passages therethrough; a wick on the outer surface of the plate communicating with the fuel passages; and a liquid fuel pump for delivering fuel under pressure to the inlet of the housing for conveying liquid fuel under pressure into the housing, through the fuel passages and into the wick. The burner is provided with a check valve upstream of the fuel inlet to the housing, the valve having a closure member biased in an upstream direction. The burner is ignited by a glow plug adjacent the housing and starter wick between the burner wick and glow plug.

Abstract: A disposable burner illuminator device comprises a buoyant flotation collar of substantially flat configuration having at least one wick member receiving aperture, a reflector foil layer supported on one surface of the buoyant flotation collar and a wick member extending through the receiving aperture and having a larger diameter at the wick end extending through the surface supporting the reflector foil layer than the diameter of the receiving aperture. This device may be utilized individually or with a plurality of wick member receiving apertures and a plurality of wick members. A plurality of the devices may be formed as a booklet or card having several burner illuminator devices which can be torn off or separated from the card and utilized individually or in groups.

Abstract: A disposable liquid fuel burner is disclosed which comprises a container having a closed bottom, an enclosing sidewall and an open top and at least partially filled with a liquid fuel. A flat support member is supported adjacent the open top above the liquid fuel and having a centrally located opening receiving one end of an elongated wick of a fibrous material overlying the support member and having its other end immersed in the liquid. The support member may be a cardboard or plastic disk supported on legs or a cylinder or may be a cup-shaped member. A fibrous bat of a refractory, non-combustible material substantially fills the open top and overlies the support member and the end of the wick supported thereon. A bat of a plastic, e.g., polyurethane, foam material overlies the fibrous bat. A top cover is secured on the container closing the open top and is at least partially removable, e.g.

Abstract: A stitchless burning wick comprising a tubular wick body comprising a burner part and an oil suction part having opposite abutting edges. A plurality of channel-like connecting members are spaced apart and straddle the opposite abutting edges of the burner part and the oil suction part. These members have legs which extend inwardly of the wick body from outside the wick body and then toward each other and then toward the outside so as to embrace yarns of the wick body. A holding tape is disposed over the connecting members and has a size covering only the vicinity of the opposite abutting edges and overlying portions of the burner part and the oil suction part along the opposite abutting edges. The connecting members have been given an anticorrosion treatment. A circumferential tape overlies only adjacent portions of the burner part and oil suction part, the members penetrating this circumferential tape.

Abstract: The present invention is a new improved wick which is manufactured so as to allow the wick to burn for a longer period of time than existing wicking material. The wick is capable of being moved around the surface of a candle to maximize the life of the candle by burning all of the candle's wax instead of permitting the candle to burn only in the area immediately surrounding the wick as in the case with most conventional wicks. The wick comprises a single strand of tufted wire coil having a polyethylene and wax coating. One end of the coil is turned upward into a vertical section to compose the lighting element and the other end of the wire is wound into a circular base such that it touches the base of the vertical section.

Abstract: A wick for use in a burning appliance consisting of (A) a fuel absorbing section composed of a plurality of short fiber web layers forming its outermost layers and one or a plurality of long fiber layers of numerous long fibers aligned substantially in one direction and (B) a heat-resistant burning section adjacent to the fuel absorbing section. The long fiber layers and the short fiber web layers are physically united into an inseparable integral structure by, for example, needle-punching or stitch-bonding. The wick has a high rate of fuel absorption and permits burning of a fuel at a high caloric output.

Abstract: A tubular burning wick for oil burning apparatus such as an oil stove can be manufactured in a simple manner without requiring any stitching operation during its production to preserve its tubular form. The burning wick is produced by knitting a band of wick cloth having at least a burner part made of non-combustible textile material and an oil suction part made of oil-soakable fiber material both being connected and extending parallel in the longitudinal direction, cutting laterally the band of wick cloth at regular intervals into pieces of a predetermined length, looping each piece of wick cloth into a tube by abutting the opposite cut ends of the piece and bonding the axial abutment seam with at least one special binder element. The binder element comprises a binder body having a lesser extent than the abutment seam of the tubular burning wick and a plurality of perpendicular claws projecting from the binder body.

Abstract: Large numbers of vent holes are respectively formed in inner and outer flame cylinders defining an annular combustion chamber to supply air thereto. A total opening area of the vent holes formed in the outer flame cylinder is greater than that of the vent holes formed in the inner flame cylinder. As a result, the heat capacity of the outer flame cylinder is smaller than that of the inner flame cylinder. During combustion, the outer flame cylinder is heated to red-hot. A plurality of projections are formed on the outer wall surface of the inner flame cylinder to allow complete combustion of a fuel vapor.

Abstract: A tubular burning wick for oil burning apparatus with a stitchless abutment seam, which has either a structure in which a band of wick cloth having at least one burner part (2) made of heat resistant fiber yarn and an oil sucking part (3) made of an oil-soakable yarn is cut to a predetermined length into a band and is looped by abutting both the cut ends thereof to form the tubular burning wick (1), or a structure in which a plurality of tubular segments each comprising a burner part (2) made of heat resistant fiber yarn and an oil sucking part (3) made of oil soakable yarn are preliminarily prepared separately by knitting and the so-knitted tubular segments are put together to let the rims of both the tubular segments abut with each other to form the tubular burning wick. Two reinforcement strips (7,8) are bonded to the outer face of each tubular wick diametrically opposing each other so as to leave two uncovered portions (9,10) on the outer face between the respective ends of the strips.

Abstract: A die cut wick for use in a burner having a rectangular body that contains two half sections that are folded back into a face to face alignment. Each half section further contains a tab upwardly disposed from the top surface of the body, the tabs being centrally positioned on the half sections with the top surface of the body extending laterally to either side to form a shoulder. The tabs of the wick are folded against each other and passed upwardly through a hollow stud secured to the lid of the fuel container. The shoulders of the tabs abut the bottom surface of the lid to prevent the tabs from being drawn entirely through the stud and the body is secured to the bottom of the lid using holt melt glue or the like. The end of the tabs extend beyond the top of the stud to form the flame region of the burner. The end of the tabs extend beyond the top of the stud to form the flame region of the burner. The burning rate and heat output of the flame is controlled by separating the exposed ends of the tabs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wick for liquid fuel burner wherein liquid fuel is drawn and burnt. A thin sheet body made with fine ceramic fibers bound by an organic binder is installed on the combustion part at the top of the wick, to thereby improve the durability of the wick while using inferior quality liquid fuel.

Abstract: A fuel element for open burning installations, such as a fireplace, containing a shell-like, elongated housing, in which a supply of fuel may be filled and refilled. In addition, at least one flat burner body, such as a flat wick, is arranged in the housing and immersed with its lower part in the fuel supply, while its upper edge is protruding in a height adjustable manner from the top side of the housing. A fireplace suitable for fuel elements of this type contains an exhaust hood in which is positioned a filter in the form of an absorber to purify and regenerate the air rising from the fuel elements, in particular removing suspended particles and eliminating unpleasant odors. The fireplace does not require outside connections.

Abstract: A burner for a liquid candle having a hollow stud containing a wick. Primary and secondary venting systems having vent openings situated at different elevations are provided to vent vapors generated in the fuel reservoir into the flame region.

Abstract: A liquid fuel combustion apparatus comprises a fuel tank, a wick partially immersed in fuel in thetank, and a combustion chamber enclosing the upper portion of the wick. The wick has two sections, one section being composed of a gasifying wick element of a glass fiber material which contains at least at the top portion thereof 80% or more of silica, alumina or a mixture thereof. The other section is a suction wick element having good fuel sucking properties. The wick may be integrally constituted of a glass fiber material which contains at least the top portion thereof 80% or more of silica, alumina or a mixture thereof. The combustion chamber preferably includes an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a red heat cylinder provided between the inner and outer cylinders.

Abstract: A combustion wick comprising a fuel suck-up portion wherein liquid fuel is sucked up and a fuel gasifying portion provided above said fuel suck-up portion is provided wherein of said fuel suck-up and fuel gasifying portions, at least the fuel gasifying portion is formed from silica-alumina type ceramic fibers with an organic binder, with at least a part of said portion being impregnated with a coating material composed principally of an inorganic pigment, silicic anhydride and a surface active agent. By impregnating at least part of the fuel gasifying portion with the coating material, no or little tar-like substance is formed or deposited on the fuel gasifying portion.

Abstract: A wick for burning a liquid fuel, having a liquid fuel supplying section adapted to supply the liquid fuel and a combustion section connected to the upper end of the liquid fuel supplying section and adapted to evaporate the liquid fuel supplied through the liquid fuel supplying section thereby to burn the liquid fuel. The improvement comprises that a thin sheet body from heat resistance fibers is attached at least to a part of the combustion section and that the combustion section is separably coupled to the liquid fuel supplying section. The thin sheet body attached to the combustion section reduces the generation of tar on the latter, while the separable coupling between the liquid fuel supplying section and the combustion section permits an easy renewal of the combustion section solely when the tar deposition on the latter has become heavy.

Abstract: A liquid-fueled lamp comprising a liquid-impervious container, which is preferably a light-weight steel can of the type used to store foods, etc. A relatively small opening is provided in the top of the can, and a tube or some other structural member extends through the opening. The tube is preferably rigidly secured to the container, as by welding or brazing. A metal tube having a 1/4 inch diameter is suitable. A flame-positioning means, such as a "plug" of asbestos fibers, is mounted in the top of the tube. A wick for transferring fuel from within the container to the flame-positioning means is also provided. Preferably, the wick is made of a narrow piece of double-knit polyester material. The wick and the plug of asbestos fibers are mechanically held together by the tube, so that fuel drawn upward by the wick will saturate the asbestos plug. Typically, the wick will furnish more fuel to the asbestos plug than will be consumed by a flame.

Abstract: A lead-free candle wick composition comprising a combustible wick and a stiffening agent is disclosed. The stiffening agent comprises a substantially wax-insoluble polymer or copolymer which has a Vicat softening point at least 2.5.degree.C. higher than the melting point of the candle wax and which depolymerizes or pyrolyzes to substantially completely combustible products at a temperature above said melting point and at or below the temperature of the candle flame.