Abstract: A method for the post-combustion of exhaust gases comprising carbon monoxide from metallurgical processes includes conditioning the exhaust gas prior to post-combustion by metering a combustion gas and/or one additional gas in feedback-controlled fashion. The feedback control depends on the composition of the exhaust gas dependent on the exhaust gas volume flow. A device for post-combustion of exhaust gas during vacuum treatment of liquid steel comprises a flare stack at an exhaust outlet, means for feeding combustion gas to the flare stack, means for feeding an inert gas into the exhaust gas channel of the vacuum pump, means for ascertaining the exhaust gas volume flow and/or for measuring the exhaust gas velocity within the exhaust gas channel, means for analyzing the exhaust gas composition, means for metering the combustion gas and the inert gas, and means for feedback control of the metering of the combustion gas and/or the inert gas dependent on the exhaust gas composition.

Abstract: A ceramic resin composite housing, including a ceramic member and a resin member that is molded on the ceramic member through injection molding. A surface that is of the ceramic member and that is bonded with the resin member includes a plurality of long-strip-shaped holes extending from the surface to the inside of the ceramic member. The long-strip-shaped holes have an open hole structure. The long-strip-shaped holes are filled with a resin material that constitutes the resin member. The composite housing has both a ceramic texture and appearance, and an internal fine structure formed by resin, the ceramic and the resin both are tightly bonded, and a bonding strength is high. The embodiments of the present invention further provide a preparation method of the ceramic resin composite housing, and a terminal including the composite housing.

Abstract: A heating apparatus comprising a tank having a tank inlet, a tank outlet, a heat exchanger inlet and heat exchanger outlet. A heat exchanger is located in the tank and comprises a hollow body having a mouth coupled to the heat exchanger inlet and a flue outlet coupled to the heat exchanger outlet. A burner device has a burner head that is located at least partly located in the mouth inside said hollow body.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a fuel and oxidant source that outputs fuel and oxidant, a first perforated flame holder, and a second perforated flame holder separated from the first perforated flame holder by a gap. The first and second perforated flame holders sustain a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant within the first and second perforated flame holders.

Abstract: A method for producing an object, wherein the method comprises drying the object or a primary product thereof, the object or a primary product thereof being at least partially dried in at least one drying device, wherein at least one of the at least one drying units contains at least one infrared radiator which is at least partially heated by means of biogas, a combustion gas selected from the group consisting of oxygen, air or other oxygen-containing gases is added to the biogas before said biogas is supplied to the at least one infrared radiator in order to heat said at least one infrared radiator, and the oxygen content in the waste gas resulting from the at least one infrared radiator being heated by means of the biogas is measured by means of a measuring device and the amount of combustion gas added to the biogas.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to burner apparatus for lean premixed flames. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a burner plate, a burner body, and a mesh. A first surface of the burner plate defines a combustion surface for a fuel/air mixture. The burner plate defines a plurality of primary ports. The burner body defines a fuel-air mixing chamber. One surface of the burner body comprises the burner plate. The burner body defines an inlet for receiving air and a fuel in the fuel-air mixing chamber. The mesh is disposed in the fuel-air mixing chamber and is in contact with a second surface of the burner plate.

Abstract: A plaque for a radiant heating system can include a main body defining an outer surface and a plurality of pores defined within the main body, wherein at least some of the plurality of pores are disposed in a non-parallel relationship with at least some others of the plurality of pores, or wherein at least some of the pores are parallel with each other. A burner assembly including a plurality of adjacently arranged plaques reduces the ignition time and delay for adjacent plaques after the central plaque has been ignited.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a fuel and oxidant source and a flame holder. The flame holder includes a plurality of discrete slats arranged in parallel defining combustion channels between adjacent slats. The fuel and oxidant source outputs fuel and oxidant into the combustion channels. The flame holder holds a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant in the combustion channels.

Abstract: A convective hood for transverse installation in a system for continuous heat treatment of moving strip material comprises blowing nozzles for blowing hot gas against the moving strip in an arrangement transverse to the direction of movement of the strip material; and a first transverse suction zone for the suction of hot gas. The first transverse suction zone comprises a first transverse section and a second transverse section. The first transverse section and the second transverse section are provided at the same side downstream or upstream of the movement of the strip material from the blowing nozzles when the convective hood is installed in a system for continuous heat treatment of moving strip material. The second transverse section is provided along the line for movement of the continuous strip material between the first transverse section and the blowing nozzles.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a fuel and oxidant source that outputs fuel and oxidant, a first perforated flame holder, and a second perforated flame holder separated from the first perforated flame holder by a gap. The first and second perforated flame holders sustain a combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant within the first and second perforated flame holders.

Abstract: Methods and devices for gas mixture combustion on a surface of a permeable matrix are provided which produce or result in surface stabilized combustion (SSC) with increasing amounts of radiation energy emitted by the matrix surface and decreasing concentrations of pollutant components in the combustion products. The gas mixture is fed to a burner that includes a permeable matrix material having a first thermal conductivity and configured to preheat the combustible gas mixture as it travels through the matrix. The burner includes a plurality of thermal elements having a thermal conductivity higher than and disposed in thermal transfer communication with the matrix base material. The permeable matrix base material forms a combustion surface with at least a portion of the thermal elements exposed above the combustion surface. The gas mixture is combusted at or near exit pores and channels formed at the permeable matrix material combustion surface.

Abstract: An inward-firing combustion burner, includes a burner casing configured to receive a fuel-air mixture at a burner inlet and to provide hot combustion gas at a burner output, a combustion substrate disposed within the burner casing, the substrate having a shape comprising at least a semi-cone or a flat surface or equivalent shape, having a substrate porosity defined by a plurality of pores, and having a substrate inner surface and a substrate outer surface, the substrate configured to receive the fuel-air mixture at the outer surface of the substrate, the fuel-air mixture passing through the pores at a mixture flow rate from the substrate outer surface toward the substrate inner surface, and the burner configured such that, in operation, the fuel-air mixture ignites near the plurality of pores to form a respective plurality of flamelets, each flamelet corresponding to one of the pores.

Abstract: A flame holder system includes a support structure configured to support a plurality of burner tiles within a furnace volume. The support structure includes a frame supporting a support lattice. A number of burner tiles are arranged in an array on the support lattice. The support structure is configured to be assemblable without tools inside the furnace volume, using components that are sized to fit through an access port in a wall of the furnace.

Abstract: A burner includes a porous flame holder configured to support a combustion reaction to achieve a very low output of oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Abstract: A catalyst for purification of exhaust gas containing a phosphorus compound includes: a lower catalyst layer containing at least one of noble metal provided on a refractory three-dimensional structure; and an upper catalyst layer at an inflow side of exhaust gas and an upper catalyst layer at an outflow side of exhaust gas provided on a surface of the lower catalyst layer. The upper catalyst layer at the inflow side and the upper catalyst layer at the outflow side have different concentrations of noble metal. The catalyst has an intermediate zone with a length of 3 to 23% of the overall length of the refractory three-dimensional structure provided between the upper catalyst layer at the inflow side and the upper catalyst layer at the outflow side. The intermediate zone starts from a position 10 to 38% from an end face of the catalyst at the inflow side of exhaust gas.

Abstract: An evaporation type burner which can attain light-up and stable combustion of fuel at an early stage by evenly distributing fuel supplied from a fuel supply part to an impregnation member (wick) inside the impregnation member should be provided includes an exudation prevention member having lower fuel permeability than that of the impregnation member in a surface region of the impregnation member opposite to a infiltration region, which is a surface region of the impregnation member where the fuel infiltrates from the fuel supply part into the impregnation member, across the impregnation member. Preferably, a part of the exudation prevention member is embedded inside of the impregnation member, and another part projects from a surface of the impregnation member. More preferably, the exudation prevention member is constituted as a part of the partition member disposed on a downstream side of the impregnation member in a combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Abstract: The abatement apparatus includes a porous element at least partially defining a treatment chamber and through which treatment materials pass for introduction into the treatment chamber for treatment of an effluent gas stream; and an infra-red heating device operable to emit infra-red energy to heat the porous element which heats the treatment materials as they pass through the porous element into the treatment chamber. In this way, infra-red energy, rather than combustion, can be used to raise the temperature within the treatment chamber in order to treat the effluent gas stream. This allows the apparatus to be used in environments where no fuel gas exists or where the provision of fuel gas is considered undesirable. Also, heating the treatment materials as they pass through the porous sleeve, rather than simply using radiant heat to heat the treatment chamber enables significantly more energy to be imparted into the treatment materials.

Abstract: A horizontally-fired flame burner includes a flame holder positioned laterally from the burner. The flame holder includes a plurality of perforations that collectively confine a combustion reaction of the burner to the flame holder.

Abstract: A catalytic burner, especially for a vehicle heater, for the catalytically supported combustion of a fuel/combustion air mixture, includes a mixing chamber (24) and a combustion air feed device (36), for feeding combustion air to the mixing chamber (24) and a fuel feed device (28, 34), for feeding fuel to the mixing chamber (24), upstream of the mixing chamber (24). A catalyzer device (46) is provided with at least one catalyzer unit (48, 50, 52, 70), through which the fuel/combustion air mixture can flow. The fuel feed device (28, 34) includes an evaporator device (28) receiving liquid fuel from a fuel feed line (34) and releasing fuel vapor into the mixing chamber (24) or/and the at least one catalyzer unit (48, 50, 52, 70) includes a grid-like support with catalyst material on a surface of the a grid-like support.

Abstract: A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

Abstract: A burner for a gas cooker that includes a burner port defining an interior area, the burner port including an opening to the interior area; one or more tubes that are coupled to the burner port and that are configured to provide mixed gas to the interior area of the burner port; a heating element that is configured to cover the opening of the burner port and that is heated by gas-generated heat; and a shielding plate that (i) is coupled between the heating element and the burner port, (ii) is configured to cover a first portion of the opening of the burner port, and (iii) is configured to spread mixed gas that is provided from the one or more tubes into the interior area of the burner port.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a pre-mixed burner capable of preventing a backfire, improving flame stability, and responding to various combustion loads. To attain the object, the present disclosure is implemented by including a flame hole member made of a foam body which is made from a plurality of metal alloys through a sintering process and in which an air hole being a space between struts configuring a framework is formed, and configured to form a flame by allowing a mixed gas of gas and air to be sprayed through the air hole, a flame hole member fixing plate configured to fixedly couple the flame hole member to a burner main body, and a distributing plate provided in front of the flame hole member and at which a plurality of distributing holes are formed so as to uniformly supply the mixed gas to the flame hole member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for utilizing liquid fuels, such as diesel and gasoline, in a catalytic reactor for producing clean heat from the fuel. In particular it relates to a fuel injection system for a catalytic burner (310, 313). It includes preheating elements (308?, 309, 315; FT) for preheating the catalytic burner (310, 313) and primary fuel supply elements (307) for supplying fuel to the catalytic burner (310, 313). The preheating elements (308?, 309, 315; FT) and the primary fuel supply elements (307) are provided in separate compartments (310, 312), the compartments being connected with each other via a channel (CH).

Abstract: A radiant gas heater includes one or more gas inlets 105, for receiving gas from a gas supply and one or more air inlets 110. The heater includes gas burners 120A-120E, in which the gas is burned using oxygen admitted through the air inlets 110. One or more heat emitting elements 125A-125E are included, which emit infrared radiation using energy generated by the gas burners. One or more ionization probes 130A are provided proximal to two or more of the heat emitting elements for detecting the presence or absence of a flame. A housing 115 accommodates the gas burners, the heat emitting elements and the ionization probes. One or more control units are provided which are in electrical communication with the ionization probes and the gas inlets, the control units operable to shut off the gas supply if the ionization probes detect the absence of a flame.

Abstract: A combustion plate is for use in a totally aerated combustion burner in which a plate main body made of ceramic has formed therein a multiplicity of flame holes for ejecting a premixed gas. The plate main body is provided, in a lattice shape, with non-flame-hole sections free of flame holes. Each of those sections of the plate main body which are enclosed by the non-flame-hole sections constitutes a collective flame-hole section having formed therein in a crowded manner a plurality of flame holes. Flame holes formed in those peripheral portions of the collective flame-hole sections which are adjacent to the non-flame-hole sections are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the flame holes formed in those portions of the collective flame-hole sections which are inner than the peripheral portions.

Abstract: A plate body 11 of a combustion plate 10 is provided with no-burner port portion 13 where no burner ports 12 exist, and a burner port group 14 made up of a plurality of burner ports 12 is arranged in each region 15 of the plate body 11 surrounded by the no-burner port portion 13. A port diameter D of the burner ports 12 differs between the burner port groups 14, but the respective burner port groups 14 are made up of the burner ports 12 of the same port diameter D, and are arranged so that the greater the port diameter D of the burner ports 12 making up each burner port group 14, the greater the interval T between the burner ports 12 in the burner port group 14 becomes.

Abstract: A mixer device for burner equipment includes flow guide means for guiding an air-gas mixture to the intake of a fan rotatable about a first axis, the guide means including a tubular Venturi effect conduit structure with axially symmetric contiguous converging and diverging portions about a second axis, a section being provided between the portions of conduit into which the gas flow is delivered for mixing with the air flow supplied through the converging portion. The fan's axis of rotation does not coincide with the axis of longitudinal development of the Venturi effect conduit, the offset between the first and second axes allows placement of a valve which supplies the gas flow into the Venturi effect conduit with a configuration in which the projection of the overall dimensions of the Venturi effect conduit and of the valve unit, in the rotational axis direction, lies within the fan's cover plate projection.

Abstract: A burner which is capable of producing zero NOx and zero CO by passing a thoroughly mixed stream of air and fuel at an appropriate air-to-fuel ratio to maintain a temperature below the NOx forming threshold through a radiant combustion zone. The radiant combustion zone provides the intense radiant energy required to initiate and to complete the combustion process. The burner comprises an Air-Fuel Ratio Attainment Means (AFRAM) and an Air-Fuel Mixing Means (AFMM) in fluid communication with the AFRAM to thoroughly mix the air and fuel to provide a readily combustible mixture, and one or more Radiant Combustion Zone (RCZ), and a Combustion Initiation Means (CIM) located in a combustion-initiation-contact position to initiate the combustion in the RCZ. A high velocity section or a porous flow permeable membrane is used as a combustion guard to prevent flameback from occurring.

Abstract: There is provided a combustion plate in which the combustion resonant sounds and instability at the time of high-load combustion can be resolved and in which a large opening ratio of the flame holes can be secured. Flame holes of an equal diameter are formed evenly over an entire surface of a combustion region of a plate main body in such a positional relationship that adjoining three flame holes form an equilateral triangle. Provided that a flame hole group which is made up of six flame holes disposed in a positional relationship to form an equilateral hexagon and one flame hole in the center of the equilateral hexagon is defined as a unit flame hole group when disposed adjacent to another flame hole group across a large equilateral hexagon enclosing the equilateral hexagon, there is formed in the surface of the plate main body a bottomed hole.

Abstract: A combustion heater (110) that is provided with a heating plate (126); a placement plate (120) disposed opposite the heating plate; an outer wall (122) provided around the outer circumference of the heating plate and the placement plate; a partitioning plate (124) that is disposed opposite the heating plate and the placement plate inside a space enclosed by the heating plate, the placement plate, and the outer wall, that forms a lead-in portion (134) by a gap with the placement plate, and that forms a lead-out portion (142) by a gap with the heating plate; a linking portion (136) that links the lead-in portion and the lead-out portion; a combustion chamber (138) that combusts fuel gas at the lead-out portion near the linking portion; and a flame-stabilization portion (140) that is provided in the combustion chamber and that maintains the combustion of the fuel gas in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustion method of a mixture composed of air and fuel uses a precious metal fiber membrane (1), wherein additional openings (3) for generation of a flame field with higher flames (8) are provided, the roots (7) of which are kept cool for NOx reduction, among other things.

Abstract: A burner for household or recreational use, such as for generating a decorative play of flames, emission of heat or use in, for instance, a hot plate or fireplace, in a generally safe, clean and efficient manner. The burner is equipped with a fuel stock holder (2, 22) provided with a fuel receiving body (5, 25, 45) from a form-retaining, isotropic, heat-resistant and porous material for retaining liquid fuel by means of absorption. The fuel receiving body (5, 25, 45) is located in a casing (9, 29, 49) with at least one flame opening (10, 30, 50) for combusting fuel at the surface of the fuel receiving body and which is connected to the fuel receiving body (5, 25, 45) without substantial residual spaces remaining between the casing (9, 29, 49) and the fuel receiving body (5, 24, 45), or the fuel receiving body is arranged freely without casing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas fired infrared radiation emitter comprising a burner plate (140) acting as combustion surface and a radiant screen (160) positioned at the combustion side of the perforated tiles. The radiant screen is embossed (180) proving locally different distances between the burner plate and the radiant screen. The result is a higher performance of the gas fired infrared radiation emitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a production method for a burner fabric membrane (1) consisting of special steel fabric layers for burning fuel/air mixtures. Additional passages (4) in the fabric (8) are produced by the displacement of the fabric and the mouths of the passages protrude from the membrane surface (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner, in particular a radiant burner, for the combustion of a gas mixture of fuel gas and an oxygen carrier gas, with a burner plate with passage channels for the throughflow of the gas mixture from a mixing chamber side to a combustion side, wherein, on the combustion side, combustion channels with an enlarged cross-section compared with the passage channels connect to the passage channels, wherein flow obstacles for a contact with the combustion flame are arranged in the combustion channels and the flow obstacles are made of a material which has a higher thermal conductivity than the material of the burner plate.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for a heating appliance that includes a manually-opened pilot valve that is held in an open position when a sufficient voltage is applied to a valve operator, and a thermocouple that converts heat from a pilot flame into a voltage that is applied to the valve operator. The apparatus includes a voltage measuring circuit that provides an output indicative of a magnitude of the voltage generated by the thermocouple, and a light emitting device. A controller is coupled to the voltage measuring circuit and the light emitting device. The controller is configured to establish, based on the output indicative of the magnitude of the voltage generated by the thermocouple, a switch sequence for switching the light emitting device on and off in a flashing manner, to provide an indication of when the magnitude of the voltage is sufficient to cause the valve operator to hold the gas valve open.

Abstract: This invention is directed to supply a combustor having a structure that reduces NOx emissions while maintaining combustion stability. The combustor has a chamber into which fuel and air are supplied. An air hole plate having a plurality of air holes upstream of the chamber is also disclosed, and fuel nozzles supplying fuel to the air holes of the air hole plate are further disclosed. In the combustor, a center of a chamber-side of the air hole plate is closer to the chamber than exits of outermost peripheral air holes.

Abstract: A gas burner including a burner body having a lower housing, an inlet conduit and a combustion surface element attached to the lower housing. A diffuser/reflector positioned within the body encourages even distribution and mixing of a combustible gas/air mixture. The diffuser/reflector is preferably of a sheet metal construction and includes a plurality of stamped openings with each of these openings having an overhanging guide plate. The combustion surface element includes a plurality of integrally formed rigidizing ribs and is made from a high temperature steel alloy wire cloth. The inlet conduit is secured directly or indirectly to an access door/bulkhead that is used to close off an access opening formed in a water heater wall through which the burner is installed. In one construction, an air scoop shrouds the inlet conduit and at least partially defines a flow path of primary air, substantially isolated from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas burner in which a burner body and a side plate are assembled together without a welding process, to thereby simplify manufacturing procedures and reduce manufacturing costs. To accomplish this, the gas burner of the present invention includes a plurality of burner units (110), each of which has a burner body (111) with a main flame being formed at the top thereof, a side plate (112) which forms auxiliary flame holes (116) in the spaces between both side surfaces of the burner body (111) and the side plate (112), and a plurality of supports (113, 114) protruding from the side plate (112). Both ends of each of the burner units (110) are supported by first and second brackets (200a, 200b), respectively. The supports (113, 114) formed at the side plate (112) of the burner unit are brought into contact with and are supported by supports (123, 124) formed at a side plate (122) of an adjacent burner unit (120).

Abstract: A broil baffle for an oven may be provided. The oven may include a broil burner configured to distribute heat. The baffle may be positioned such that the broil burner distributes heat toward the baffle. The baffle may include a plurality of dimples configured to disperse infrared radiation from the distributed heat in multiple directions away from the baffle toward a broiling surface of the oven.

Abstract: A combustion chamber assembly unit, especially for a vaporizing burner and particularly especially for a vehicle heater, includes at least two combustion chamber elements (12, 20, 26, 32, 50, 52, 64, 102, 126) with wall areas (12, 34, 46, 54, 64, 104, 130, 140, 142). The at least two combustion chamber elements are arranged in a radially staggered pattern in relation to a longitudinal axis (L) of the combustion chamber and are fixed to one another by laser welding.

Abstract: A vaporizing burner combustion chamber assembly unit, especially for a vehicle heater, includes a bottom part (32) with a bottom wall (34) and with a first circumferential wall (38) and a porous evaporator medium (42) at least partially covering a front side of the bottom wall, which is to face a combustion chamber (14). A ring-shaped holding part (52) has a second circumferential wall (54) and a contact area (56) touching the porous evaporator medium. The first circumferential wall extends, from an outer edge area (36) of the bottom wall essentially in a longitudinal axis (L) direction of a bottom assembly unit (30), on a rear side of the first bottom wall facing away from a combustion chamber, in the direction away from the porous evaporator medium. The second circumferential wall extends at least partially over the first circumferential wall on its outer side and is fixed to same.

Abstract: A gas burner, which is particularly suitable for flame treatment of substrates having large surfaces, e.g. for coating such surfaces in a combustion chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) process, includes a burner body with a gas supply connection and a nozzle plate, wherein the burner body and the nozzle plate constitute together a gas plenum and the nozzle plate constitutes a perforated wall section of the plenum. The nozzle plate includes a large number of nozzles extending from a plenum side to a flame side of the nozzle plate and it is made of a plurality of sheets which are arranged in a stack and extend substantially perpendicular or substantially parallel to the nozzle extension. The sheets include through openings, wherein the through openings of all sheets are at least partly aligned with each other, or they have a comb-like form.

Abstract: A heat dispersing element for a standard propane torch head for the generation of silent heat. This heat dispersing element attaches directly to the head of a propane torch and operates silently. The heat dispersing element accepts the heat of the torch and silently disperses the heat through the burn plate and directs it outward silently. This is done through a series of openings.

Abstract: Methods and systems for conversion of a carbon containing fuel to CO2 and H2O. An air stream is fed to a first ion transport membrane unit obtaining a pure oxygen stream from a permeate side and an air stream with a reduced oxygen content from a retentate side. The air stream with a reduced oxygen content is fed to a second ion transport membrane unit and a gaseous first carbon containing fuel is fed to a permeate side of the second ion transport membrane. The first carbon containing fuel is reacted with oxygen transported through the second ion transport membrane forming an at least partially combusted first fuel. The at least partially combusted first fuel, at least a part of the pure oxygen stream and optionally a second carbon containing fuel is fed to a combustion chamber for combustion. An exhaust stream comprising essentially CO2 and H2O is obtained.

Abstract: An improved radiant gas burner unit is provided having a shallow base with long walls and shorter walls. The shallow base supports a radiant gas burner plate or plates having openings therethrough, and forming an external surface of the base for emitting high temperature gas radiation. At least three mixing tubes are provided aligned with the shorter wall, and having two open ends. The first open end is positioned within the base and the second open end is positioned adjacent corresponding openings formed through the long wall of the base. A gas supply line extends along the long wall and has gas outlets for ejecting gas across an open air gap positioned intermediate the gas outlet and the second open end of the mixing tubes. The ejected gas is mixed with air as it crosses the air gap, and is provided to the openings of the radiant gas burner plate for combustion which produces high temperature radiation on the radiant gas burner plate and external surface of the base.

Abstract: A conveyor tunnel for providing a process environment for articles being conveyed through the tunnel includes a plenum that discharges process air into the tunnel. The flow of the discharged process air is directed to impinge against a portion of the article being conveyed through the tunnel.

Abstract: Provided is a portable heater supplied by an associated fuel source, comprising a housing, a fuel connection fitting, an orifice, a burner assembly, a regulator, a controller for selectively switching among operation states including at least a 4000 BTUs and a 9000 BTUs per hour state, a power source adapted to generate electrical power from heat, and a detector system adapted to use the electrical power generated by the power source, detect the level of a particular gas in the atmosphere, and interrupt combustion of the air-fuel mixture. A housing may comprise an air inlet and may define an interior region. A burner assembly may comprise a fuel valve adapted to control communication between the burner assembly and the associated fuel source, a venturi for mixing air and fuel into a fuel-air mixture, a combustion region adapted for the combustion of the air-fuel mixture to produce combustion products and heat.

Abstract: Provided is a stone burner for a fragrance lamp, which has a first socket and a base detachably connected to the first socket. The first socket has a first wall and a second wall opposite to the first wall. The base has a second socket and a body connected to the second socket. The second socket is detachably connected to the second wall of the first socket and has a hole formed in the second socket at a position proximal to the first socket and an aperture formed in the second socket at a position distal from the first socket. The hole and the aperture of the second socket are not in communication with the first wall of the first socket.