Abstract: A gas-fired burner apparatus includes a porous combustion surface disposed in a combustion chamber substantially sealed to prevent entry of secondary air. A subatmospheric pressure is maintained in the combustion chamber by a natural or aspirated draft. The subatmospheric pressure cooperates with an aspirating flow of fuel to the burner apparatus to provide an increased flow of primary combustion air which reduces the combustion temperature and the emission of pollutants. Alternatively, the subatmospheric pressure may be used to achieve a given flow of primary combustion air with a reduced combustion surface area. Water heater and room heater applications of the burner apparatus are illustrated.

Abstract: A premix gas burner has a flat, composite burner plate formed by a rear flat plate having a first set of apertures and a forward flat and thinner plate having a second set of apertures of less diameter than the first set of apertures. The plates are connected to form a composite burner plate at the front end of a burner tube. A pilot tube extends through the burner tube and a pilot flame ignitor includes an insulated center electrode and a spirally wrapped grounding electrode electrically engaging the I.P. of the pilot tube to form an electrical ground. The electrodes spark to ignite a pilot flame which in turn ignites the larger burner flame.

Abstract: A device for oxidizing a gas mixture that includes at least one hydrocarbon and oxygen. The device contains a porous solid that consists of zirconia. At least one metal having a catalytic oxidation activity, for example platinum or palladium, is deposited on the solid support. The device also contains an induced-air catalytic burner for the catalytic combustion of gaseous hydrocarbon mixed with atmospheric air and a member for dissipating the heat generated within the solid support. The device develops an average thermal power of at least 10 W/cm.sup.2 and an average temperature within the support of at least 700.degree. C.

Abstract: A heat emitter including: a back-body with a distributor for a fuel-oxygen containing gas mixture; an organ having a combustion surface; a frame connecting the back-body with the organ; a screen; at least a pair of flanges provided with a hole; and at least one sliding bar, the end parts of which are engaged in the holes of the flanges.

Abstract: A porous surface radiant burner assembly provided with a porous burner substrate having a surface including a layer of zircon and an overlying layer of zirconia formed in situ upon exposing the zircon layer to radiant burner operating conditions. The porous surface burner substrate can be in the form of a mat of randomly oriented fibers coated with zircon, a solid parted plate of zircon or a different ceramic provided with a coating layer of zircon, or a reticulated foam comprising either zircon or a different ceramic material coated with zircon. Preferably in the method of making the porous burner substrate, the zircon layer is merely exposed to the intended operating conditions of the radiant burner wherein during the initial degradation of the zircon layer, a continuous, adherent layer of zirconia is formed in overlying relationship to the layer of zircon to resist further degradation.

Abstract: A multilayer matrix burner which has exceptionally low NO.sub.x emissions can be operated over a broad turndown range. The burner is, in effect, a three-dimensional matrix of spaced apart emissive layers. There is a first three-dimensional porous layer which acts to distribute a fuel/air mixture. There is a wider gap (which may be adjustable) between the distributive layer and one or more two-dimensional porous emissive layers. An exemplary emissive layer is a refractory wire screen. Preferably, there are multiple such emissive layers with a narrower gap between successive layers. Preferably, the porosity increases in each successive layer downstream from the preceding layer. This arrangement provides a stable flame wherein most of the combustion occurs adjacent to successive incandescent emissive layers. Preferably the successive layers in the downstream direction have a large open area for transmitting radiant energy from preceding emissive layers. Such high intensity burners, e.g. 1,500,000 BTU/h.multidot.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a burner of a vehicle heater which includes a blower for supplying the combustion air, a combustion chamber having a lining which is porous at least in some areas on part of its inner surface, a means for supplying fuel to the porous area of the lining and an electric glow plug for igniting the fuel or fuel-air mixture evaporated from the lining.

Abstract: A gas burner arrangement for outdoor use includes a burner cup formed of a bottom wall and a cylindrical side wall extending integrally from the bottom wall in a smoothly curved radius. The bottom wall includes a central aperture for receiving a Venturi tube gas supply inlet connection. A pair of cylindrical flame screens are supported on the bottom wall of the burner cup, disposed in coaxial relationship concentrically about the central aperture. A top cap is secured to the bottom wall by bolts or other fasteners to secure the screen members in place in proper spacing and alignment. The top cap includes a domed center to provide strength to the cap and to facilitate smooth, non-turbulent flow of the gas-air mixture from the Venturi tube gas supply to the flame screens. The side wall of the burner cup extends higher than the flame screens to provide substantial wind protection.

Abstract: It is described a combustion head consisting of a plurality of balls (10) of ceramic material joined to each other at points of mutual tangency to substantially form a filter bed. On passing through the ceramic head, the combustible gas-combustion air mixture is shared out among a multiplicity of hollow spaces (11) following each other to form a tortuous path, in order to ensure an optimal mixing. At the combustion head exit the gas-air mixture fires forming a flame front extending over the whole external surface (1a) of the combustion head.

Abstract: An instantaneous gas water heater comprising a control panel, a heat transfer section, and a blower section. The control panel includes an electronic controller, a gas solenoid valve, and a means to prove the operation of a blower. The heat transfer section comprises an inner jacket enclosing a combustion chamber and an outer jacket enclosing the inner jacket. The combustion chamber contains an ignition means, a combustion means, and a baffle. In the preferred embodiment the combustion means was a powered burner comprising a venturi tube with venturi tube holes, and a woven ceramic fabric mantle containing the venturi tube. The baffle is made up of a spine, consecutive ribs attached to the spine, spine holes in the spine disposed between the ribs, and rib holes in the ribs, the rib holes being disposed in consecutive ribs on alternating sides of the spine. The blower section includes a blower communicating with the combustion chamber through a gas/air mixing chamber.

Abstract: The invention discloses a gas powered burner with perforated ceramic elements which are adjustable in their planes and/or essentially perpendicular to their planes. The burner dan be adjusted so as to emit uniform infra-red radiation with good precision within the wavelength band, irrespective of how the burner is angled or located.

Abstract: A premixed gas burner has a hollow body including a closed end and an entry end into which a combustible gas and air mixture may flow. The body has a multiplicity of apertures through which the mixture may pass from the hollow interior. A burner portal deck is positioned in superposed relationship over the apertures for permitting the gas air mixture to form a controlled flame. A porous woven fabric formed from ceramic fiber having high thermal insulation properties is located above the deck and separates the deck from the flame front formed when the mixture is ignited. The fabric insulates the deck from excessive temperatures, prevents flash back, allows use of conventional stainless steel for the deck and body components and makes possible the manufacture of long burner sections. A long burner section has a number of decks in side-by-side relationship with an insulating fabric mat over the decks for not only providing insulation, but also forms a gasket between the adjacent decks.

Abstract: An atmospheric reticulated ceramic foam burner which is retrofittable into existing residential heat exchanger designs has been developed to reduce NO.sub.x and CO emissions. It is operated in a blue flame or substantially radiant mode. The ceramic foam tile used is a three dimensional, web-like structure composed of ceramic struts and voids (or pores) which is permeable and rigid and can withstand the high temperatures found in domestic burners. The foam tile is positioned over a manifold, and is the outlet for the manifold. The manifold inlet is a venturi so that incoming gas is mixed with air in the correct range of proportions before passing through the foam. The pressures used, relative to tile porosity, are such that the gas-air mixture does not burn until it has passed all the way through the foam tile, resulting in a flame above the tile. Additional quantities of (secondary) air can be introduced around the burner to mix and burnout the products of combustion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiant burner for boilers, consisting of a sheet metal support (1), with a gas feed line (3) leading to a gas inlet port (2) in the sheet metal support (1) and a curved burner surface (4) of wire cloth arranged at an opposite side of the sheet metal support. According to the invention, the burner surface (4) is of hemispherical shape and at least one similarly hemispherical gas distributor (5) of perforated sheet metal is arranged concentrically under the burner surface and is spaced therefrom at a distance (A) which is considerably smaller than the diameter (D) of the hemisphere of the burner surface (4) and is also affixed to the sheet metal support (1). The diameter (D.sub.1) of the gas inlet port (6) corresponds substantially to the diameter (D.sub.2) of the hemispherical gas distributor (5). Such a construction fulfills the requirements of a large gas inlet port, stability of the burner surface and good gas distribution over the burner surface.

Abstract: An infrared heater, especially for construction purposes or for animal brooders in which the air duct passes through the reflector on the side of a glow body turned away from the surface to be irradiated so that the air duct is heated by the glow body. Within the heated region of the air duct, a filter is provided which is heated to red heat, thereby pyralizing or burning off deposits and maintaining the filter free from obstruction for long periods.

Abstract: A burner for burning a combustible gas comprising fuel gas and air that has been mixed before being supplied to the burner. The burner has a flame holder concavely recessed into a flame outlet. The concave configuration of the flame holder focuses the individual flames on the combustion surface toward a central location where the individual flames interact with and reinforce one another in a direction axial to the burner. Thus very little heat is transmitted directly from the burner in a direction normal to the burner axis. This characteristic of the burner allows it to be used to fire a flue type heat exchangers where the walls of the heat exchanger are very close to the burner without excessive temperatures being produced in the heat exchanger walls adjacent the burner.

Abstract: A gas-fired combustion apparatus includes a porous combustion surface disposed in a combustion chamber substantially sealed to prevent entry of secondary air and having a pressure relief means that operates to relieve or suppress pressure changes which may otherwise occur in the combustion chamber with commencement of the burner operation. Thereafter a subatmospheric pressure is maintained in the combustion chamber by a natural or aspirated draft. The subatmospheric pressure cooperates with an aspirating flow of fuel to the burner apparatus to provide an increased flow of primary combustion air which reduces the combustion temperature and the emission of pollutants. Alternatively, the subatmospheric pressure may be used to achieve a given flow of primary combustion air with a reduced combustion surface area. Water heater applications of the burner apparatus are illustrated.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a heatable appliance, in particular a curling iron (10), including a device (18) for flameless combustion of a fuel/air mixture and an associated activation device (20, 21) for initiating the flameless combustion action, wherein the device (18) comprises a carrier means coated with a catalytically active material. According to the present invention, the carrier means is configured as a stable carrier structure (28) comprised in particular of a metal foil provided with perforations (32) or a wire lattice. At least one metal wire (36) preferably catalytically coated is arranged on the carrier structure (28) to serve as a starter catalyst (34). By this means, the activating ability of the catalytically coated carrier structure (28) is promoted.

Abstract: The reflectivity of a porous burner matrix is enhanced in order to enhance burner performance, capacity and capability. More specifically, a porous matrix is coated with a layer of a material, such as gold, having a higher reflectivity than the porous matrix by itself, and gas-flow pores of the porous matrix are preserved in that layer. A burner has a porous matrix and a porous coating on that porous matrix including a porous layer of a material, such as gold, having a higher reflectivity than the porous matrix by itself.

Abstract: A catalytic burner for oxidizing gaseous fuel in a catalytic combustion device having a gaseous fuel discharge tube, the burner comprises a tubular catalyst defining a catalytic combustion chamber and having an inlet opening at one end thereof for admitting gaseous fuel into the chamber, an outlet opening at the other end thereof for discharging products of combustion from the chamber, and a support for mounting the catalyst in coaxial relation on the discharge tube; and a gas distributor disposed within the inlet end of the catalyst proximate to but spaced from the discharge tube for uniformly distributing across the chamber gaseous fuel introduced into the chamber through the inlet opening.

Abstract: A burner assembly (10) for a radiant heater of the infrared type. The burner assembly includes a burner tube (12), a generally cylindrical mixing cup assembly (14), means (16) for mounting the cup assembly within the burner tube, means (18) for introducing air into the upstream end of the burner tube, and means (20) for introducing combustible gas into the burner cup, the gas and air being thoroughly mixed together in the burner cup. The cup assembly includes a generally cylindrical mixer tube (32), and passageway means at the downstream end, the passageway means including a ceramic block (34) and a metallic grid (36) in contact with the downstream face of the ceramic block. The ceramic block has a plurality of relatively small orifices (34.1) which extend through the block. The metallic grid (36) has a plurality of relatively small apertures (36.3) and a large central aperture (36.4).

Abstract: A radiant emission system includes ceramic fiber support structure and an array of emitter fiber members that are mechanically interlocked with and project outwardly from a surface of the support structure with the free ends of the emitter members spaced from one another and from the support structure, and thermal excitation structure for flowing fuel through the passages and establishing a combustion condition at the surface to heat the emitter fiber members to thermally emissive temperature.

Abstract: A gas burner apparatus including plenum chamber having a combustion surface formed from a conductive porous heat resistant material, a fuel supply, an air/gas mixing and delivery device extending into the chamber, the delivery device being adapted to supply an air/gas mixture with an air component at least equal to that required for theoretical complete combustion, and a fuel delivery system for delivering fuel from the fuel supply to achieve a predetermined combustion temperature at the combustion surface selected so as to reduce the formation of oxides of nitrogen in the products of combustion to about 5 ng/Joule or below.

Abstract: A radiant burner includes a housing for receiving a combustible air and fuel mixture and a combustor unit formed to include an open-space combustion chamber having a top opening and passageways for communicating the combustible air and fuel mixture from the housing to the open-space combustion chamber. The combustor unit is a block of insulation material formed to include a cavity defining the open-space combustion chamber and a plurality of apertures defining the passageways. The combustible air and fuel mixture extant in the open-space combustion chamber is ignited to produce a flame. The top opening of the open-space combustion chamber is covered to define a flame retention region therein so that the flame is stabilized in and contained wholly within the open-space combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a heatable appliance for personal use, in particular a hair-care appliance, including a device for the flameless combustion of a fuel/air mixture and an associated activation device for initiating its flameless combustion, wherein the device includes a stable carrier structure 28 of a mass m.sub.T and a density s.sub.T. The carrier structure 28 is provided with a coating having a specific surface area O.sub.B (according to the BET method) and a mass m.sub.B, the coating carrying a catalytically active material of a mass m.sub.K. In order to ensure a high mechanical stability, a satisfactory activation ability and at the same time a high resistance to poisoning of the catalyst, the ratio ##EQU1## is set at values in the following range:0.3.times.10.sup.6 .ltoreq.delta.ltoreq.30.times.10.sup.6.

Abstract: A gas-fired burner apparatus includes a porous combustion surface disposed in a combustion chamber substantially sealed to prevent entry of secondary air. A subatmospheric pressure is maintained in the combustion chamber by a natural or aspirated draft. The subatmospheric pressure cooperates with an aspirating flow of fuel to the burner apparatus to provide an increased flow of primary combustion air which reduces the combustion temperature and the emission of pollutants. Alternatively, the subatmospheric pressure may be used to achieve a given flow of primary combustion air with a reduced combustion surface area. Water heater and room heater applications of the burner apparatus are illustrated.

Abstract: A deep fat fryer is described which is heated by burner tubes extending through the central portion thereof and by burners therein which are metal mesh. The burners support combustion only on the surface so that the primary heat source is infra-red energy to the burner tubes. Exhaust gases from the burner tubes are circulated around sides and upper portion of the fryer only so that the central and upper portions of the tank are heated and the lower portion serves as a sump.

Abstract: An atmospheric gas burner assembly producing relatively low oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.

Abstract: A gas fired convection cooking oven is provided with an improved air delivery and heat exchange structure for creating within the oven's cooking chamber a recirculating flow of heated air to cook food items supported therein. The structure includes a combustion box adapted to receive hot products of combustion from a gas burner, and extending into the cooking chamber through a lower portion of a vertical boundary wall thereof. Removably secured to the combustion box, and extending upwardly along the inner side of the boundary wall is a hollow baffle structure having a front mixing chamber communicating with the interior of the combustion box through spaced apart hollow legs with a discharge opening formed therebetween. Perforated skirt walls extending rearwardly from the mixing chamber define with the boundary wall a fan chamber which surrounds a motor-driven centrifugal fan impeller supported on the inner side of the boundary wall.

Abstract: Remarkable suppression of the formation of pollutants: NO.sub.x, CO and UHC, in the flameless combustion of gaseous fuel with excess air is achieved by passing the fuel and air through a porous surface combustor directly into an adiabatic zone, and by controlling the amount of excess air to be greater than about 50% but not greater than about 150% in excess of the stoichiometric requirement. The furnace with the adiabatic zone for the suppression of pollutants will preferably have a refractory body as part of the adiabatic zone.

Abstract: An infrared heater for a fluid immersion apparatus such as a commercial deep fat fryer includes a burner whose burner element is made from woven ceramic fibers, preferably formed as a cloth. The burner can also include a wire mesh or screen for supporting the cloth; alternatively, the cloth can be made self-supporting through the wrapping or affixing of several cloth layers together. The burner element possesses a predetermined gas permeability adequate to avoid any significant backflash during the use of the burner. The gas permeability is selected to match the flow rate, composition and backpressure of the selected gas, and takes into account the insulative capacity of the fiber weave employed. The resulting burner construction is substantially more durable and resistant to damage during replacement or inspection than are burners having conventional ceramic elements, such as foams, felts, or the like.

Abstract: A radiant gas burner having a porous matrix bed with a cross-sectional area that diverges along a generally longitudinal axis in a direction from an upstream end to a downstream end of the porous matrix bed. The burner has a fuel/air inlet and a flow distributor positioned near a downstream end of the fuel/air inlet, for distributing the fuel/air mixture throughout the porous matrix bed. A radiant surface layer is positioned adjacent and downstream from the downstream end of the porous matrix bed. The fuel/air mixture is combusted within the porous matrix bed and a combustion flame is stabilized completely within the porous matrix bed. The porous matrix bed is constructed as a bed of refractory particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation heater for air/gas admixtures which includes a double-wall housing of a generally trapezoidal transverse cross-section defined by a top wall and downwardly convering side walls. The housing includes a burner plate between a mixing chamber and a radiation grid, and the mixing chamber is fed the air/fuel admixture from an injector nozzle, a mixing tube, a preheated intermediate chamber, and a transition zone or chamber. The injector nozzle and the mixing tube are located at the lower edge of the housing side wall(s) to thereby provide an intermediate chamber extending essentially the length of the side wall(s) along the exterior of which the hot waste gases flow or brush to preheat the fresh admixture of air and fuel in the intermediate chamber thereby effecting reliable operation at low gas pressures and low manufacturing and repair costs.

Abstract: A handy gas torch controlled by a valve control mechanism to eject gas into a combustion chamber inside a nozzle for burning, said valve control mechanism comprising a valve control sleeve having a bearing plate fastened therein, a gas tube inserted through said bearing plate, said gas tube having a valve attached thereto at the bottom and stopped at a valve port through which gas is discharged out of a gas tank, a screw nut screwed up with said gas tube at the top above said bearing plate, a guide member mounted on said screw nut at the top, and spring means constantly forcing said valve to stop at said valve port. Moving said valve control sleeve causes said valve to disconnect from said valve port for discharging gas out of said gas tank into said nozzle for combustion. Releasing upward pressure from said valve control sleeve causes said valve to stop said valve port again. Said nozzle comprises a combustion tube having a commutator fastened therein through which a very hot flame is produced for welding.

Abstract: An improved gas burner for a cooking tank or heating air via a heat exchanger, the burner including a distribution tube which is closed at one end and mounted within a burner shell. The upper generally semi-cylindrical surface layer of the burner shell is formed as a mesh structure from at least three layers of mesh, the upper layer of which is laid with the axis of its grid at an angle of 45.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the burner. The distribution tube and shell are mounted in a heat exchanger of a cooking tank or convection oven, the arrangement being such that a combustible gas fed via an injector to an end of the distribution tube is spread evenly along the length of the tube to be burnt as it diffuses through the mesh structure. The mesh glows to produce infra-red radiation which is transferred to the full length of the heat exchanger to thereby increase heat transfer to the contents of the cooking tank or to air in contact with the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A catalytic burner for oxidizing gaseous fuel in a catalytic combustion device having a gaseous fuel discharge tube, the burner comprises a tubular catalyst defining a catalytic combustion chamber and having an inlet opening at one end thereof for admitting gaseous fuel into the chamber, an outlet opening at the other end thereof for discharging products of combustion from the chamber, and a support for mounting the catalyst in coaxial relation on the discharge tube; and a gas distributor disposed within the inlet end of the catalyst proximate to but spaced from the discharge tube for uniformly distributing across the chamber gaseous fuel introduced into the chamber through the inlet opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating apparatus of the infrared type, particularly intended for the agricultural industry for the directionally downward heating of breeder buildings. This apparatus comprises primarily, arranged on the interior of a reflective dome (1) secured on a gas/air mixture feed conduit (3), a primary combustion chamber of a conical shape, comprising a base wall, secured to the end of the feed conduit (3), and a conical wall (13) of a perforate conductive heat resistant material, and a diffusion pre-chamber, arranged in the primary combustion chamber (8) and comprising a wall (16) of a heat resistant material, perforated with holes having a maximum opening dimension of less than 1.5 mm, said wall having a conical shape, pointed downwardly, with an apex angle of less than that of the conical wall (13) of the primary chamber.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x atmospheric gas burner is provided, which includes at least one burner tube having a plurality of gas outlet orifices terminating in a burner bed, and a plurality of plates disposed above the burner tube within the reach of the flame, which plates lower the temperature and effect a stepped combustion. According to the invention, the plates extend parallel to, and on opposite sides of, the orifices provided in the burner tube, and the orifices are arranged in a line parallel to the burner axis. The plates are connected direct to the burner tube substantially throughout the entire length of their lower edges.

Abstract: There has thus been provided a highly efficient metal-ceramic catalytic combustor for a gas turbine/catalytic combustor assembly. The catalyst zone is formed of a high temperature resistant metal wire mesh, e.g., palladium coated tungsten or ferritic stainless steel screen, e.g., 40 mesh, which is aluminized with metallic aluminum, and heated to convert the outermost layer of aluminum to aluminum oxide and encourage the diffusion of the inner layer of aluminum into the body of the metal wire, desirably forming a thin metal/aluminum alloy layer. The outer surface because of the Kerkendall Effect is porous and readily accepts and strongly bonds to a metal oxide coat, e.g., a magnesia/alumina, or magnesia/alumina/yttria, or barium oxide/alumina, or barium oxide/alumina/yttria wash coat. There may also be included a catalyst deposited on the ceramic outer coat, e.g., a noble metal catalyst, for enhancement of the combustion of an air/fuel mixture.

Abstract: An improved fuel and air admixture burner for water heating and/or space heating appliances comprises concentrically arranged inner and outer sheet metal tubes closed at their top ends and the inner tube open at its bottom end through which a combustible fuel and air admixture is adapted to be introduced into the burner. The inner and outer tubes are specially configured to supply a balanced distribution of the combustible fuel and air admixture to the outer surface of the burner while allowing the heating apparatus to operate quietly. Perforations varying in size are distributed over a top zone, a middle zone, and a bottom zone of the inner tube, with the top and bottom zones containing larger perforations and the middle zone containing smaller perforations. The bottom zone is axially longer than the middle zone which in turn is axially longer than the top zone.

Abstract: Means and methods for enhancing the output of radiant energy from a porous radiant burner by minimizing the scattering and increasing the adsorption, and thus emission of such energy by the use of randomly dispersed ceramic fibers of sub-micron diameter in the fabrication of ceramic fiber matrix burners and for use therein.

Abstract: A gas fired broiler having a plurality of burners adjacent to multiple conveyors with a shield on at least one of the burners in the area of one of the conveyors.

Abstract: The subject burner assembly disposes an air inlet along a base surface of a housing opposite from a radiant, multi-ply screen surface. Air enters the inlet for mixture with an associated supply of gas in a mixing chamber. An air/gas mixture exits the mixing chamber and enters a plenum chamber for distribution and combustion on the entire radiant surface. The multi-ply, radiant surface is defined by three separate screens having a predetermined weave pattern. A reverberator is spaced from the radiant surface and reflects heat from the exhaust gas toward the radiant surface.

Abstract: An improved gas-fueled ceramic tile burner capable of maintaining a stable flame at very high surface heat loading of a high porosity ceramic body. The improved ceramic tile burner includes a coarse steel mesh which is positioned abutting the downstream side of the ceramic body and upon which a pressurized mixture of air and fuel is ignited. The mesh helps to generate gas regeneration zones which stabilize the flame. Optionally, the disclosed ceramic tile burner has a secondary retaining mesh below the ceramic body which can be connected to the coarse steel mesh and to a burner housing in order to ground the meshes.

Abstract: A gas burner of cold nozzle type is provided including an injection device for injecting a flow of a fuel gas mixture into a burner head, including successively: a pressure recovery chamber having a divergent profile, an ignition chamber having two parallel walls extended by two deflectors whose front edges form therebetween a passage of reduced width, and a diffusion grid forming a convex wall between said chambers. The front edges of the deflectors and said diffusion grid have substantially coaxial circular shapes.

Abstract: An infrared burner with an extremely low pressure drop is described. The burner comprises a corrosion resistant mesh screen having a thick porous coating of ceramic fibers deposited thereon. In addition to a low pressure drop the burner has structural integrity and ability to generate radiant energy at a high rate. The burner is produced by admixing ceramic fibers with a polymeric material which burns off upon heating.

Abstract: In order to adapt a gas-infrared radiator (a radiant burner) to operating conditions in a particularly efficient manner, the energy delivered is reduced by intermittently reducing a controlled supply of gas so that the energy delivery is below about 40% or even less of the maximum energy delivery of the infrared radiator, and a flame supplied separately from the controlled gas supply is maintained in the combustion chamber of the gas-infrared radiator, at least when operating in the aforementioned range. This is achieved more particularly by providing at least one nozzle (22) for a pilot light, directed towards the combustion chamber (4).

Abstract: An ignition device for a high speed burner of the cold nozzle type including a conventional type injector, an adaptation chamber into which the injector emerges and ending in an orifice with an outwardly curved grid and an ignition chamber, an ignition cavity is also provided external to the ignition chamber and communicating therewith through an orifice of reduced passage section provided in the wall of the ignition chamber substantially in line with the front region of the grid.

Abstract: A gas burner for burning a high velocity gas to produce an external flame having a homogeneous front portion and using gas injecting means having a nozzle connected to a source of inflammable gas under pressure and an air passage adapted to create through a tube a flow of air and inflammable gas at high speed which is injected in an adaptation chamber connected to the tube and provided with an internal curved diffusion grill and two external deflectors, the diffusion grill being positioned so that the walls of the adaptation chamber are maintained at the temperature of the environment during combustion of the gas.

Abstract: In order to adapt a gas-infrared radiator (a radiant burner) to operating conditions in a particularly efficient manner, the energy delivered is reduced by intermittently reducing a controlled supply of gas so that the energy delivery is below about 40% or even less of the maximum energy delivery of the infrared radiator, and a flame supplied separately from the controlled gas supply is maintained in the combustion chamber of the gas-infrared radiator, at least when operating in the aforementioned range. This is achieved more particularly by providing at least one nozzle (22) for a pilot light, directed towards the combustion chamber (4).