Abstract: A burner for combusting hydrocarbon fluids which may contain additional components as additives or contaminants and in the form of a gas, liquid or particulate matter, e.g. waste oil wherein the oil is atomized in a nozzle disposed in a housing defining a combustion chamber for receiving an oxidizing fluid, e.g. oxygen, so that atomized oil is mixed with the oxidizing fluid for combustion. Control of the length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the combustion chamber results in lower operating noise levels for the burner during combustion.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus for refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals which are present with them. In more detail, the apparatus comprises means for reacting together gaseous hydrogen and chlorine so as to produce a flame and means for passing into the reaction zone of the said flame the said mineral concentrate in finely divided particulate form.The apparatus comprises a tubular burner having a hydrogen-chlorine flame discharging into an inner heat resistant tube, means for the passage of the said mineral concentrates in particulate form through the reaction zone of the hydrogen chlorine flame, means for maintaining the reaction zone of the flame at a temperature within the range 900.degree. C. to 2500.degree. C. and means for scrubbing the reaction products after passage through the flame with an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A gas mixer and reactor is provided which is especially suitable as a burner which includes an elongated gas flow chamber with a nozzle arrangement at its inlet end for passing a first gaseous reactant into the interior of the chamber toward the outlet from points uniformly about the inner periphery of the chamber, and an annular nozzle arrangement near the outlet of the gas flow chamber for directing another gaseous reactant or reactants through the outlet of the gas flow chamber and into a thermal reaction chamber which communicates with the outlet of the gas flow chamber.

Abstract: Combustion apparatus for a gas turbine engine includes two separate combustion zones; one having a first air flow thereto defined by a plurality of holes in combustion apparatus liner; the second zone has air flow thereto through a second plurality of holes in the combustion apparatus liner. Parallel fuel injectors supply fuel into the respective zones and include a wide angle fuel flow nozzle that supplies fuel to the pilot zone of combustion and a narrow cone fuel injector that directs fuel through the pilot zone without combustion and into a downstream main combustion region where the fuel is then burned with air flow though the second plurality of holes to produce a staged combustion of air fuel in the combustion apparatus to achieve high combustion efficiency over a broad ange of fuel/air ratios as well as more uniform combustor outlet temperatures and low smoke output.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for liquid fuels which includes a combustion tube having an inner surface defining a combustion chamber, an end bell which mounts a nozzle for introducing the liquid fuel into the combustion chamber in the form of a fine spray, and an auxiliary air introduction means, also mounted to the end bell, which produces an auxiliary vortex flow of air around and concentric with the nozzle so as to entrain the fine spray of liquid fuel and form a fuel-air mixture. Means are provided for igniting the fuel-air mixture, and a main air introduction means is provided for producing a main vortex flow of air which serves to separate the fuel-air mixture from the inner surface of the combustion tube and to provide additional air for combustion of the fuel-air mixture. A collar means, preferably of a refractory material, is provided concentric with the nozzle.

Abstract: A improved burner for metallurgical furnaces capable of utilizing gaseous or liquid fuels and air, enriched air or oxygen as an oxidant and adapted to accommodate rich fuel/oxidant mixtures is disclosed. The burner is capable of producing high temperatures and a reducing and non-decarburizing atmosphere without causing carbonization or other fouling of the burner or related furnace and without damaging the burner.

Abstract: A combustion chamber shell, particularly for aircraft turbojet engines, cisting of an assembly of sleeves each of which comprises two parallel facings connected and braced to each other by multiple longitudinal ribs which form an equal number of channels for the passage of the cooling air. The sleeves are connected to each other by annular parts which, to the front and to the rear of the sleeve facings, form vents which are arranged with respect to each other in such a fashion that the air entering into the chamber through the said channels flows in them from rear to front.

Abstract: A combustible fuel gas burner has a primary tube supplying gas and primary air to a main burner, a secondary tube supplying secondary air to the main burner to afford complete combustion, and an exhaust tube through which the products of combustion are exhausted. The exhaust tube also acts as a flash-tube for igniting the main burner. In the absence of combustion, the gas and primary air issuing from the primary tube and the secondary air issuing from the secondary tube combine to form an air-gas mixture in the exhaust tube which is too lean (below the lower limit of flammability) to be ignitable. The supply of secondary air is controlled so as to vary the air-gas ratio in the exhaust tube such that this ratio changes through a spectrum of values between the lower and upper limits of flammability wherein the flame propagation speed of the mixture is substantially greater than the flow velocity thereof.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus are described for burning gaseous or vaporizable fuels, such as kerosene or other light fuel oils or gases. The burner provides for an efficient and complete burning of the fuel in a small combustion space and at variable rates. The burner utilizes a rotating fan to form a spiral or helical air flow within the combustion chamber. An interconnected rotating fuel nozzle for spraying the fuel into the spiral air path may be used or a stationary nozzle directing the fuel toward the fan. This provides for a long residence time of the fuel and air mixture providing a complete combustion of the mixture within the relatively small volume of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An improved burner for combusting gaseous fuel and oxidant gas is provided in which the fuel and oxidant gas are premixed prior to combustion by the turbulence generated by flowing the gases through a mixing zone containing a centrally disposed flow disrupting bluff body positioned in the oxidant gas stream upstream from the point of fuel injection, and a peripheral flow disrupting bluff body disposed at the periphery of the mixing zone. The burner finds particular utility in combination with other elements of a furnace-type carbon black reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of an inert gas wherein liquid of gaseous hydrocarbons are burnt within a combustion chamber with air, possibly with the admixture of a gaseous atomizing agent, especially steam, inert gas or air, whereby a first shock-like cooling is performed, which is followed by a second cooling step and a scrubbing with water or an aqueous solution of a temperature in the vicinity of the freezing point, and the gas treatment is finished with an adsorption drying.

Abstract: This invention provides a flame nozzle of the type which can be used as a burner such as, for example, as a burner on a hand held heating gun for applying heat to an article or it could be used as a burner for a furnace.

Abstract: This disclosure pertains to wall burners which are used to raise the temperature of a gas stream flowing through a duct. Wall burners are mounted outside the duct and fire into the duct through a porthole formed in the duct wall. The present invention is uniquely characterized by a pre-main combustion chamber wherein a combusting fuel-air mixture is generated using only a small amount of the total fuel expended by the burner. The combusting mixture travels downstream through an accelerator ring and into the duct at high velocity and momentum. On the downstream side of the accelerator ring, main fuel ports inject the major portion of the fuel expended into the combusting fuel-air mixture whereupon a transfer of heat and momentum takes place which carries the unburned main fuel into the duct where the main combustion process takes place.

Abstract: A tube has one end portion supported within an opening in a heat-insulating wall and is fired by a dual fuel burner. Disposed within the one end portion of the tube is a combustion sleeve which extends the flame of the burner inwardly beyond the wall and thereby prevents the insulated end portion of the tube from being burned out. An abrupt restriction is formed at the discharge end of the combustion sleeve and creates turbulence in the air/fuel mixture to promote cleaner and more efficient burning.

Abstract: A fuel combustion apparatus of a double-shell construction in which the inner shell is composed of an upstream small-diameter section, a downstream large-diameter section, and a conically-shaped connecting section between the two sections of different diameters, all the sections being aligned and connected together on a common axis. Fuel injection valve and a first air supply port equipped with swirl blades surrounding the valve are provided at the upstream end of the small-diameter section of the inner shell. The cylindrical wall of the small-diameter section is not formed with any air supply port, but second air supply ports shrouded with scoops are formed in the cylindrical wall portion of the large-diameter section close to the small-diameter section. On the upstream side of the first air supply port is installed means for controlling the rate of air supply to the same port.

Abstract: A recuperator and burner shroud assembly for use on a radiant tube burner. The recuperator has two concentric tubes, one connected to the outlet of the radiant tube burner and serving as a stack, the other forming a jacket about the stack for carrying a countercurrent flow of air to the burner. The space between the two tubes is closed at the discharge end of the stack by a peripheral seal that permits relative axial movement between the tubes. A conduit carries heated air from the jacket to a burner shroud, which encapsulates the air inlet portion of the burner, and directs the air into the burner in a manner that establishes a swirling or helical path of travel of combustion products through the burner tube.

Abstract: Combustion of the carbonaceous fuels such as fuel oil may be carried out advantageously in the presence of an oxidation catalyst body. Under suitable operating conditions the combustion can be effected at high rates of energy release for a catalyst and combustor of a given size, producing an effluent substantially free of pollutants. However, for a given combustor installation it may be desirable at times to utilize a thermal burner, associated with the catalyst arrangement, which is disposed for directing jets of burning gaseous fuel such as natural gas from a multiplicity of points just down-stream of the catalyst. Thus combustion of the gaseous fuel in such jets is obtained substantially throughout a cross section of the downstream zone through which catalyst effluent passes.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine fuel burner comprises the combination of an atomising fuel nozzle and a vaporizing duct in which the atomised fuel is arranged to impinge on the wall of the vaporizing duct and mix with a portion of the compressor delivery air from the engine compressor. The resultant fuel and air mixture flows into the combustion chamber through a plurality of equi-spaced elongated slots formed in the cylindrical wall of the vaporizing duct, each of the elongated slots having its major axis or longest side extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the duct.

Abstract: A high pressure burner has an integral pilot and is employed in conjunction with a direct fired heater. The burner produces a long flame within the heating tube of the exchanger and therefore more efficiently transfers the heat of combustion into the medium being heated.The burner comprises an elongated mixing barrel attached to a control block. The main fuel gas along with the pilot gas enters the interior of the block and flows therethrough and through an orifice where the gas admixes with air in an unusual manner, and the mixture continues through the mixing barrel. Combustion of the gaseous mixture occurs downstream of the barrel.When the main fuel supply is turned off, the pilot gas supply flows through the burner assembly and forms a standing flame at the end thereof; and when the main fuel supply is opened, an elongated flame is established which extends a long way down the fire tube, thereby heating a large surface area of the fire tube, thus avoiding undue heating of any isolated area.

Abstract: Fuel and less than the amount of air for stoichiometric combustion are injected into a combustion chamber so that the fuel rich mixture burns as a core in the combustion chamber. The balance of the air for substantially stoichiometric combustion is injected coaxially and rotationally as a sheath or vortex which surrounds the core. Where the core is hot and rich, there is little mixing of the sheath air and core gases and the available oxygen combines preferentially with fuel components other than nitrogen so that little nitrogen oxides are produced. After some heat is extracted from the gases in the core, more complete mixing of the sheath air and core gases occurs. Under these lean and cool combustion conditions, production of nitrogen oxides is also unsubstantial. Means for mixing the gas streams may be disposed adjacent the exit end of the combustion chamber when necessary to promote turbulence and further mixing of the air and hot gases for bringing about complete combustion of any residual combustibles.

Abstract: Burner arrangements for staged combustion to decrease nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel with air. The burner arrangements have a combustion into which hydrocarbon fuel and less than 70% of the stoichiometric air are introduced, and a path for the secondary air around the combustion chamber. A flame holding means is provided in one end of the combustion chamber to stabilize the substoichiometric combustion so that a partially burned gas containing mainly H.sub.2 and CO as combustible components is obtained. The combustion chamber has an exit, and there is an exit from the secondary air path near the exit of the combustion chamber. A discharging means for the partially burned gas is provided at the exit of the combustion chamber to vary the pattern of the flow of said partially burned gas by converting the enthalpy of said partially burned gas into kinetic energy.

Abstract: A recirculating vortex burner wherein liquid fuel is vaporized in suspension by recirculating hot products of combustion and is thoroughly mixed with air in order that substantially carbon-free combustion occurs. The burner employs a combustion chamber into which air is supplied at one end by a plurality of fixed orifices that provide air jets for producing a spiraled swirling flow pattern in the chamber. Such flow pattern establishes a stable vortex with a relatively low pressure region in the chamber central portion and results in substantial recirculation of the products of combustion. The air jets intersect fuel sprayed into the chamber and entrain such fuel together with the recirculating products of combustion so that air, fuel and products of combustion are thoroughly mixed and the fuel is substantially gasified prior to combustion.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an aerodynamic fuel combustor for generating hot gases, including means forming a mixing chamber and a combustion chamber, and a flameholder therebetween. Means are provided for admitting desired proportions of fuel gas and air to the mixing chamber to form a combustible gas under a controlled pressure; in one form, these means comprise a jet ejector. The flameholder is a vortex generator having one or more flow channels shaped to supply swirling gases to the combustion chamber. The flow channels form a substantial exit angle with respect to the axis of the combustion chamber, but not exceeding 60.degree., and are formed by airfoils terminating in bluff trailing edges of substantial area to cause eddying flow. The cooler gas molecules are centrifuged to the outside of the burning gas in the combustion chamber, thus cooling the chamber walls.

Abstract: A hot gas generator for the production of hot combustion gases includes a cylindrical combustion chamber having an inner and an outer air conduit concentrically disposed thereabout. A fuel nozzle means is arranged at one longitudinal end of the cylindrical combustion chamber and an exhaust port is arranged at the other longitudinal end thereof. A baffle plate is disposed on the longitudinal end of the cylindrical combustion chamber on which the fuel nozzle means is arranged. Combustion air from a blower or the like flows through the outer air conduit into the inner conduit where it is heated by the cylindrical combustion chamber and then passes through openings in the baffle plate into the cylindrical combustion chamber.

Abstract: A combustor assembly includes a porous, laminated metal dome and an elongated tubular body portion disposed vertically within an air supply plenum. The dome and body portion are joined by a yieldable ring and a plurality of radially inwardly directed convolutions on one end of the body portion. A load support member is telescoped over the upper end of the dome and includes a tubular axial extension with a plurality of radially inwardly directed convolutions connected to the body portion and wherein the support member includes a plurality of radially outwardly directed spider arms extending from a support flange on the upper end of the support member secured to a fixed fuel nozzle pad whereby the porous laminated metal dome is supported for free flex movement with respect to the pad during combustor operation.

Abstract: The burner is capable of operating either on gas or fuel oil and includes a burner block with a high velocity discharge nozzle. Combustion air for the burner is rotationally spun to promote more complete combustion of the fuel and to reduce the formation of carbon deposits along the block and within the discharge nozzle. As a result of the spinning combustion air, a high rotational velocity is imparted to the flame so that the flame threads corkscrew-fashion out of the discharge nozzle and is formed with a hollow center.

Abstract: A porous laminated sheet adapted to be cooled by air flowing through the sheet from a rear face to a front face and to discharge the air through outlets in the front face at an angle to the normal to the surface. It is particularly adapted for use as a wall of a combustion liner. The sheet has a front layer with grooves leading to outlets from the front layer and has a rear layer defining channels from the exposed face of the rear layer into the grooves.

Abstract: A furnace and method of making the same are provided. The furnace has an integral poured refractory concrete combustion chamber wall having embedded therein a tertiary air supply system for supplying air around the burning fuels and air mixtures emitted from the burner. The tertiary air is introduced at positions spaced along the length of the combustion chamber.The combustion chamber wall is produced by positioning manifolds and multiple air supply tubes spaced along the wall length with the tubes directed inwardly toward the flame and around it, but stoppng short of the inner surface of the poured concrete wall. Removable plugs or screws are inserted into the open tube ends and extend the tube ends to the position of the proposed inner surface of the wall.Forms are provided for pouring the refractory concrete to form the wall. The outer form can be a steel plate or sheet or the like of relatively rigid structure.

Abstract: A low pressure loss, two stage burner is provided wherein a portion of the effluent gases are admitted to a primary burner defining a primary combustion zone, recirculated within the primary combustion zone, mixed with a combustible fuel in the primary combustion zone and ignited by means of an ignition system. The remainder of the effluent gases bypass the primary burner and flow into a secondary burner defining a secondary combustion zone. Gases entering this zone are mixed with a combustible fuel and ignited by means of the combustion occurring in the primary combustion zone. The effluent gases admitted to the secondary combustion zone have turbulent recirculation vortices generated therein in order that the gases will remain closely spaced to the secondary burner sidewall as they travel generally axially through the secondary combustion zone.

Abstract: A technique is described for igniting the oil shale rubble pile in an in situ oil shale retort. A gas-air burner is lowered through a hole to a plenum over the oil shale to be ignited. An excess of air is passed through the hole and around the burner so that it is kept cool as the flame from it impinges on the rubble pile and the air also provides oxygen for combustion of carbonaceous material in the shale. Preferably the burner is in a cylindrical housing having a refractory exit nozzle at its lower end so that a hot flame is ejected downwardly. Air is brought to the inlet of the nozzle through an outer feed tube in the housing and coaxial therewith. Combustible gas is introduced through an inner axial feed tube which terminates short of the inlet end of the nozzle in a mixing chamber. A mixing orifice is provided between the mixing chamber and the nozzle for thorough mixing of the gas and inhibition of travel of the flame back into the burner.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burning heater for use in vehicles comprising a burner unit enclosed within a burner housing which in turn is surrounded by the heater housing. A lateral head extending from the heater housing encloses within a hermetically sealed space the connecting end of the ignition plug, a duct leading from this head space either to the atmosphere outside the vehicle, or to the intake side of the burner unit, thereby evacuating leaked exhaust gases.

Abstract: A wall burner is described for firing a flame laterally into a duct of the type generally known as a waste heat recovery duct wherein hot exhaust gases are passed in a heat exchange relationship with a second fluid downstream from the wall burner. The wall burner may be used as an igniter for a grid burner system disposed within the duct or the wall burner may itself be used to reheat the hot exhaust gases. The wall burner includes a combustion chamber pipe and ignition means located outside the duct so that ignition occurs outside the duct thereby obviating instabilities inherent in trying to ignite a combustible mixture within the hot exhaust gas path.

Abstract: A heater for orchards and the like includes a stackable, heat transmitting, upright housing. A fuel burner is supported in the housing near a lower end thereof and includes an air inlet chamber having an annular, upwardly directed outlet at the periphery of a fuel dispersing plate and air flows through the outlet under pressure in an upward direction and with a spinning motion to vaporize fuel and convey it to a combustion zone for turbulent, substantially pollution-free combustion of the fuel. The burner may also be used with conventional orchard heater housings to provide substantially pollution-free heating of orchards and the like.

Abstract: An oil burner for oil wells in which the oil to be eliminated is admitted to a specially designed sprayer in which its mechanical atomization is brought about by the construction of said sprayer and its pneumatic atomization is effected by means of inputting gas or air under pressure, the atomized product being ignited by means of spark ignitors and the flame produced being protected by a cylindrical casing. Said casing is provided with a front spray ring which injects water into the flame so as to eliminate the formation of black smoke, and a back spray ring for forming a water curtain which protects the platform against heat radiation from the flame.Said burner is mounted on a tubular support permitting its rotation so as to accompany the wind direction.The material combustion capacity of said burner can reach 30 cubic meters an hour, and for higher flow rates, various identical units can be coupled in parallel.

Abstract: An insert is adapted to be arranged within the marginal end portion of a heat-radiating tube. The insert has an outer surface comprising an alternating series of peaks and valleys. The insert serves to insulate the tube marginal portion from the direct heat of a flame directed into and confined within the insert. The outer surface of the insert defines with the tube inner surface, a plurality of passageways. In use, air drawn into the tube through these passageways is preheated, and subsequently directed to oxidize the flame tip.

Abstract: In the use of combustion apparatus with hot gas turbines it is desirable to e able to efficiently burn fuel at widely ranging rates (pounds per hour) in accordance with varying demands on the turbine. The present invention proposes a combustor wherein stable combustion is achieved over a wide range of fuel flows. Combustion air is introduced as a circumferential swirl around the sprayed fuel to promote a high tangential velocity and low core velocity.

Abstract: A gas mixer and reactor is provided which is especially suitable as a burner which includes an elongated gas flow chamber with a nozzle arrangement at its inlet end for passing a first gaseous reactant into the interior of the chamber toward the outlet from points uniformly about the inner periphery of the chamber, and an annular nozzle arrangement near the outlet of the gas flow chamber for directing another gaseous reactant or reactants through the outlet of the gas flow chamber and into a thermal reaction chamber which communicates with the outlet of the gas flow chamber. Also provided are processes utilizing the mixer and in particular a process for converting sulfur containing gas into sulfur.

Abstract: A burner comprises means for directing combustion air into a combustion space for ignition with fuel which is directed into the space by an electromagnetic fuel pump which is operated off the shaft of a blower motor through the operation of a rotatably perforated disc which is rotated by the shaft to operate a photoelectric switching device for intermittently actuating the electromagnet of the fuel pump.

Abstract: A heat injector gas burner having controlled air flow for assuring positive repetitive ignitions, comprising an elongated tubular casing having therein a short tubular flame holder into which gas is introduced, means at one end of the casing for metering the flow of air into the casing and simultaneously into the adjacent end of the flame holder, and ignition means within the casing external to and adjacent the opposite end of the flame holder, which metering means produces controlled velocity of air flow within the casing both inside and outside the flame holder, the air flow through the flame holder being metered whereby a sufficiently rich gas-air mixture is provided to insure first ignition, and a sufficiently lean mixture is provided assuring positive repetitive subsequent ignitions.

Abstract: A flame photometric detector including a burner assembly having a first passageway leading to the burner tip so that a mixture of the hydrogen fuel gas and the combustion supporting gas such as oxygen may be delivered via the passageway to the burner tip to produce a hydrogen rich reducing flame. The sample to be analyzed is delivered via a second passageway and directed by a sample guide to the peripheral region of the reducing flame where the sample is burned in a relatively low temperature, hydrogen rich region whereby the interfering light emission from interfering substances is maintained at a low level. SPThis is a division of application Ser. No. 389,614 filed on Aug. 20, 1973, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,879,126, which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 232,926 filed on Mar. 8, 1972 abandoned.

Abstract: An igniter for the main burner of a gas turbine engine has an air chamber with a discharge passage and the fuel nozzle or tip is positioned within and in spaced relation to the walls of the passage. The tube has a helical member around the portion of the tube within the passage in order to impart a swirl to the air and the member itself is spaced from the passage walls to produce less swirl at the periphery of the air flow through the passage. The size of the device is such that it may operate continuously utilizing fuel from the main burner supply and air from the engine compressor.

Abstract: A flare burner for flaring or burning off combustible waste gases comprises a venturi burner tube, a waste gas supply pipe having a gas outlet opening at the throat of the venturi burner tube and forming an injector for drawing air through an intake into the venturi burner tube, and pilot burner jets for burning combustion maintenance gas projecting laterally through the wall of the venturi burner tube downstream of its throat. The dimensions of the burner are such that the ratios d' : d, D, h and a are in the ranges 1 : from 1.2 to 3 : from 2 to 6 : from 4 to 20 : from 3 to 15; where d' is the diameter of the gas outlet opening, d is the throat diameter of the venturi burner tube, D is the maximum diameter of the venturi burner tube downstream of its throat, h is the length of the venturi burner tube from its throat to its point of maximum diameter downstream of its throat, and a is the length of the venturi burner tube from its throat to the entry points of the pilot jets.

Abstract: A flame tube for a gas turbine engine which is arranged within an annular casing and comprising two rows of silicon nitride rings, with one row being disposed adjacent an inner annular wall of the casing and the other row being disposed adjacent an outer annular wall of the casing. Each row is urged into engagement with shoulders at one end of the casing by a clamping arrangement at the opposite end of the casing.

Abstract: A cooking system includes a frypot comprising heat transfer walls which are spaced to facilitate cleaning of the frypot. Each heat transfer wall comprises a lower vertically extending portion and an upper outwardly curved portion shaped to cause wastes to flow to the bottom of the frypot. A plurality of burners are provided for maintaining combustion in zones adjacent to the vertically extending portions of the heat transfer walls. This causes heated products of combustion to flow upwardly along the vertically extending and outwardly extending portions of the heat transfer walls, whereby heat transfer is effected through the walls to cooking oil in the frypot. Each burner comprises two or more orifices for discharging mutually interacting gas jets and a target for deflecting the gas jets and entrained air toward the heat transfer walls and for reflecting heat into the combustion zone and through the heat transfer walls.

Abstract: A heater includes coaxially arranged an external heat radiating shell, a central gas fuel tube and an intermediate perforated air conducting tube, from inside of which air flows into a combustion chamber.A tubular partition is provided with the space in between the air conducting tube and the central gas fuel tube, whereby the initial air flow blowing around and lengthwise of the gas fuel tube is to be turned near the end of this tube to pass to the perforated walls of the air conducting tube.

Abstract: A flat flame burner comprises an air swirling chamber, an air supply tube provided for the air chamber for introducing combustion air thereinto in the peripheral direction of the air chamber so as to produce a swirling air stream in the chamber, a fuel gas supply tube disposed in the air chamber and having inlets centrally of the space for the swirling air stream and a flame opening positioned at one side in the direction of axis of the swirling air stream coaxially with the swirling air stream, the flame opening being defined by a wall having a thin portion around said opening and a flat outer face.

Abstract: A gas fired infrared heat generator having certain special features is disclosed. The device includes a dead man control valve within the fuel line operable from the handle and so arranged that, in conjunction with spacer means across the front of the reflector, the gas valve will close if the tool is dropped or left unattended on a surface. Multiple couplings are provided on the combustion chamber of the device for connecting the handle and gas line assembly to either the back of the combustion chamber for use of the heater in an upward direction or to one side of the combustion chamber for use on other surfaces.