Abstract: Systems and methods to effectively sort calcined lime (quicklime) particles to produce products with more consistent size and burn time characteristics after the quicklime particles have been created and without the use of specialized additives. Specifically, such systems and methods sort the quicklime particles below a selected size into a softer burned and harder burned fraction based on their size. The fractions are burned in the kiln together and as a singular product, but can be classified from each other after calcining.

Abstract: A system for making oxide material may comprise a preheating cyclone stage for receiving a solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature less than a calcination temperature of the solid carbonate material, a calcination cyclone stage for heating the preheated solid carbonate material and operating at a temperature of at least the calcination temperature to convert the preheated solid carbonate material to a solid oxide material and carbon dioxide gas, a cooling cyclone stage for cooling the solid oxide material and operating at a temperature less than the calcination temperature to cool the solid oxide material to ambient temperature, a first recirculating system to extract and recirculate a first gas from an outlet of the calcination cyclone stage to an inlet of the calcination cyclone stage zone, and a second recirculating system to extract and recirculate a second gas from the cooling cyclone stage to the preheating cyclone stage.

Abstract: To treat organic sludge while keeping facility costs, cement production efficiency, and a reduction in clinker production amount to a minimum. An organic sludge treatment device includes: a fractionation device 7 that fractionates a preheated raw material R2 from a preheater cyclone 4C excluding a bottommost cyclone of a cement burning device 1; a mixing device 8 that mixes an organic sludge S with the fractionated preheated raw material, and that dries the organic sludge using sensible heat of the preheated raw material; and a supply device (mixture chute 12, double-flap damper 13, shut damper 14) that supplies a mixture M from the mixing device to a calciner furnace 5 of the cement burning device or to a duct disposed between a kiln inlet portion of a cement kiln 2 and the calciner furnace.

Abstract: A process and device separate off a volatile component from the off-gases in cement clinker production. Raw materials for cement clinker production are passed through a preheater with heat exchange with the off-gases and are then burnt in a rotary kiln. Owing to the heating in the preheater, the volatile component bound in the raw materials is vaporized and separated off. A first raw material stream having a relatively high concentration of the volatile component is applied to a first line of the preheater and a second raw material stream having a lower concentration of the volatile component is applied to a second line. The volatile component is separated off from the first substream of the off-gases. The first raw material stream heated to a temperature of at least 250° C. with the first substream of the off gases in the first line is combined with the second raw material stream.

Abstract: A process and device separate off a volatile component from the off-gases in cement clinker production. Raw materials for cement clinker production are passed through a preheater with heat exchange with the off-gases and are then burnt in a rotary kiln. Owing to the heating in the preheater, the volatile component bound in the raw materials is vaporized and separated off. A first raw material stream having a relatively high concentration of the volatile component is applied to a first line of the preheater and a second raw material stream having a lower concentration of the volatile component is applied to a second line. The volatile component is separated off from the first substream of the off-gases. The first raw material stream heated to a temperature of at least 250° C. with the first substream of the off gases in the first line is combined with the second raw material stream.

Abstract: Fiber cement material, which contains organic fibers, is used as an additional raw material for the production of cement clinker. The cement clinker is produced in a system which comprises a cyclone tower (11) and a rotating drum kiln (15). The cyclone tower (11) comprises cyclones (1-5) and a pre-calciner unit (10) wherein fuel is combusted to feed the cyclone tower with heat. The raw clinker meal is passed through the cyclone tower to preheat it. By the combustion of the fuel in the pre-calciner unit (10) a hot zone is produced in the cyclone tower wherein the raw clinker meal is calcined.

Abstract: In a device for baking of clinker, heat generated in a furnace can be used in a particularly efficient and versatile manner if the heat generated in the furnace is transferred, by means of at least one first heat exchanger, to a heat carrier fluid, the heated heat carrier fluid is transported to at least one second heat exchanger, and the heat is then discharged to a heat sink, for example, in order to heat a flow of flue gas to a temperature required for denitrification thereof.

Abstract: A method for cleaning bypass gases of the cement or mineral industry includes cooling down a removed bypass gas from a cement or mineral processing plant to a temperature of between 500° C. and 150° C., and coarsely dedusting the bypass gas, the dust burden being reduced by 30 to 95%. After the dedusting step, the gaseous constituents contained in the partly dedusted bypass gas are reduced in a reducing step. The partly dedusted bypass gas is further finely dedusted. The gaseous constituents reducing step includes at least a catalytic reduction of one or more of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an expanded granulate from sand grain-shaped mineral material (1) with a propellant, wherein the material (1) is fed into a vertically upright furnace (2) from above and said material (1) falls along a drop section (4) through multiple heating zones (5) in a furnace shaft (3) of the furnace (2), wherein each heating zone (5) is heatable using at least one independently controllable heating element (6), and the material (1) is heated to a critical temperature at which the surfaces (7) of the sand grains (15) plasticize and the sand grains (15) are expanded by the propellant.

Abstract: A cement production apparatus having: a duct 21 in which exhaust gas drained from a lower cyclone flows upward, distributes and introduces the exhaust gas to upper cyclones; material-supplying pipes 22 for supplying cement raw material connected to both side parts of one side surface of the duct 21 below a distribution part 23 among the upper cyclones; and a supply-amount controller 26 provided on an upstream position above the material-supplying pipes 22 for controlling supply-amounts of the cement raw material to the material-supplying pipes 22: and when H is a vertical distance between a horizontal surface P1 passing through centers of distribution outlets 21a of the upper cyclones and a horizontal surface P2 passing through centers of connecting ports 22a of the material-supplying pipes 22, and D is a diameter of the duct 21, a ratio H/D is set to 1.4 to 2.5.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for calcining active lime, including a precalcining furnace for receiving limestone materials to be calcined and precalcining the limestone materials, and a rotary kiln for receiving the materials containing precalcined product from the precalcining furnace, outputting the formed active lime, and at the same time supplying a first flue gas to the precalcining furnace. The calcining system further includes a precalcining furnace combustion device, which generates a second flue gas and supplies it to the precalcining furnace, such that the limestone materials are precalcined in the precalcining furnace under the action of the first flue gas and the second flue gas. In this way, the precalcining rate of the limestone materials in the precalcining furnace is significantly improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vertical-shaft kiln (2) for manufacturing a clinker, including: a tubular enclosure (4) comprising from top to bottom: a feeder section (14); a decarbonatation section (16) exhibiting a slanted lower surface (16a); a clinkering section (18) exhibiting a slanted lower surface (18a); a first collection section (20) extending substantially vertically; first extraction means (42) arranged for extracting the clinker from the first collection section (20); means arranged for generating a first gas exhibiting a temperature ranging between 950° C. and 1250° C., and for supplying the first gas in the decarbonatation section (16); means arranged for generating a second oxidizing gas exhibiting a temperature ranging between 1250° C. and 1450° C., and for supplying the second oxidizing gas in the clinkering section (18); and first suction means for suctioning the first and second gas from the feeder section (14).

Abstract: A processing container (100) is provided for processing waste material. The processing container has a housing (150) and a processing zone (152) in said housing for containing waste material to be processed. The housing (150) has a portion (154) directed inwardly of said container to form an opening (160) for the charging and discharging of said processing container. The processing container is rotatable about its axis in a first direction to enable charging of said container through said opening and in a second opposite direction to enable discharging of said container through said opening. The processing chamber is used in an apparatus (10) for processing waste material. The apparatus also includes an oven (12) that contains the processing chamber (14); a gas inlet (200) for introducing said hot gasses into the oven; and a gas outlet (202) for extracting gas from said oven. The processing container (100) is mounted for rotation in said oven.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method to produce electricity in a cement clinker production utilizing a kiln and/or a precalciner as combustion chambers to generate electricity, the method including: a. supplying fuel to the precalciner and/or the kiln in a quantity corresponding to at least 110% of a heat value requirement for clinker production operation of the precalciner and/or the rotary kiln per unit weight of clinker, respectively; b. bypassing a portion of hot flue gases from at least one of (i) the kiln and/or (ii) the precalciner; c. leading hot flue gases to a heat recovery steam generator producing steam; d. producing electricity with a power island including a steam turbine equipped with an electrical generator.

Abstract: In the method according to the invention for producing cement clinker, raw cement meal is preheated in a preheater, the preheated raw cement meal is precalcined in a calciner and the precalcined raw cement meal is burnt in a kiln, fuel and combustion air having an oxygen content of at least 75 mol % being used in the calciner, and the raw cement meal being precalcined in a fluidised bed in the calciner. The exhaust gases occurring in the kiln are delivered to the preheater, bypassing the calciner, and the exhaust gases of the calciner are delivered to a CO2 preparation device.

Abstract: A method for feeding lime mud into a lime kiln including a rotary kiln shell having an interior between a first end wall and a second end wall, the method including: feeding the lime mud into a flue gas flow in the interior of the rotary kiln shell or in close proximity to the shell to pretreat the lime mud; separating the pretreated lime mud from the flue gas flow; conveying the separated lime mud into the lime kiln, and calcining the separated lime mud in the lime kiln.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as an apparatus for incineration of combustible waste during the manufacture of cement clinker by which method the waste is introduced via a waste inlet (11) and supported on a supporting surface (21) incorporated in a separate compartment (9), where the waste being actively transported, while simultaneously subjected to incineration, through the compartment to its outlet (23), where the hot exhaust gases produced in connection with the incineration of the waste being vented to the preheater system for heating the cement raw meal, and where the slag generated during the waste incineration process being extracted from the compartment (9). The method and the apparatus are peculiar in that exhaust gases containing NOx are introduced to the compartment (9).

Abstract: The invention provides a system for calcining active lime, including a precalcining furnace for receiving limestone materials to be calcined and precalcining the limestone materials, and a rotary kiln for receiving the materials containing precalcined product from the precalcining furnace, outputting the formed active lime, and at the same time supplying a first flue gas to the precalcining furnace. The calcining system further includes a precalcining furnace combustion device, which generates a second flue gas and supplies it to the precalcining furnace, such that the limestone materials are precalcined in the precalcining furnace under the action of the first flue gas and the second flue gas. In this way, the precalcining rate of the limestone materials in the precalcining furnace is significantly improved.

Abstract: A simple and economical process for rendering the fine fraction, from crushing of vehicles and iron scraps, capable of being used in the manufacture of bituminous or cement-based conglomerates as partial substitutes of quarry inerts. Subject of the invention is also a reactor suitable for carrying out the above process. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the reactor.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material.

Abstract: This application concerns methods and apparatus for use in industrial waste recovery operations such as recovery of non-consumed chemicals in industrial processes, with recovery of quick lime in a wood pulp process being an example. In some embodiments, methods comprise baking lime sludge in a kiln and controlling a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln to be above about 2250° F. to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge. Interaction of the vaporized sodium with SOx can deter accumulation of one or both of CaCO3 and CaSO4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln. In some embodiments, lime sludge can be rinsed to generate a filtrate comprising dissolved NaOH, and the filtrate can charge a scrubber for removing SOx from an exhaust from the kiln. Embodiments of co-fired burners for heating such kilns by burning petroleum coke and natural gas are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cement product is disclosed. The cement product includes clinker defined by a feedstock material and a ladle metallurgical facility slag material derived from a ladle metallurgical facility steel production system. A system and method for manufacturing clinker is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing of cement includes cement raw meal being preheated in a preheater, calcined in a calciner by contact with hot gases which are introduced into the calciner via a gas inlet and being diverted from the calciner via a gas outlet, and where calcined cement raw meal is diverted from the calciner, burned into cement clinker in a kiln and subsequently cooled in a clinker cooler. At least a portion of the calcined cement raw meal diverted from the calciner is heated further in a separate system to a temperature which exceeds the calcination temperature and is subsequently recirculated to the calciner. That at least a portion of the gases which are diverted via the gas outlet of the calciner is removed from the plant with a view to storage underground or other additional treatment.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln. The method comprises injection of air with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/precalciner vessel.

Abstract: The system according to the invention for producing cement clinkers from raw cement mix is composed substantially of a pre-warmer for pre-warming the raw cement mix, a calcination device for pre-calcining the pre-warmed raw cement mix, a sintering kiln for firing the pre-calcined raw cement mix to form cement clinkers, and a cooler for cooling the fired cement clinker. Additionally provided between the cooler and the calcination device is a tertiary air line via which tertiary air is supplied to the calcination device. The calcination device is additionally traversed by the waste gases of the sintering kiln and has a calcining nozzle in its inlet region. Also provided are means for setting the cross section of the calcining nozzle, which means are formed by at least one element which is arranged in a rotatable or pivotable fashion in order to set the cross section and which is exposed to the waste gases of the sintering kiln.

Abstract: Described is a method for manufacturing cement clinker by which method cement raw meal is preheated and burned in a plant comprising a cyclone preheater (1) and a kiln (5). The method is peculiar in that that at least a portion of the raw meal is extracted from the cyclone preheater (1), that this raw meal is introduced into a separate unit (21) in which it is given a retention time under oxidating conditions provided by means of a gas stream for forming SO2 and for expelling organic carbon, that the formed SO2 and the expelled organic carbon are subsequently discharged from the separate unit (21) entrained in the gas stream for further treatment in a subsequent process stage, and that the raw meal is reintroduced into the cyclone preheater (1). Hereby is obtained an effective reduction of the VOC, CO as well as the SO2 emission without necessitating utilization of additional energy for heating.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as a plant for preheating particulate or pulverulent material such as cement raw meal or similar material in a cyclone preheater (1), comprising at least two cyclone stages, each comprising a riser duct (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and a cyclone (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d). The method is peculiar in that a portion of the material which is fed to at least one cyclone stage is introduced to the first part of the riser duct, viewed in the direction of travel of the exhaust gases, and is heated from a temperature of maximum 450° C. to a temperature of at least 550° C., and in that the remaining material which is fed to the same cyclone stage is introduced into the last part of the said riser duct. As a result, there will be a reduction in the amount of SO2 which is discharged from the cement plant preheater as emission, without a simultaneous increase in energy consumption.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for calcining solids or sludges in a multiple-deck furnace having a firing region, which has at least one upper heated hearth and at least one lower heated hearth, and having a cooling region, which is provided with one or more unheated hearths, material to be calcined passing first into the firing region and then into the cooling region. A portion of the material to be calcined is delivered to the at least one lower heated hearth and/or to the cooling region, bypassing the at least one upper heated hearth of the firing region.

Abstract: Particulate material to be calcined is conditioned and then introduced into a stream of flue gases which transport the material along a sloping drying duct while drying the material. The dried material is then introduced into the same stream of flue gases upstream of the drying duct, and the flue gases transport the dried material along a sloping preheating duct while preheating the material. The preheated material is fed tangentially into the lower end of a vertical calcine reactor and calcined product is withdrawn tangentially from the upper end of the reactor. The flue gases used for drying and preheating are produced in the calcine reactor and are cooled during the drying and preheating.

Abstract: The co-combustion process may comprise the following unit operations: routing of hot gas (10) generated in the clinker cooling process to a rotary kiln (1); use of part of the rotary kiln exhaust gas to dry solid wastes in rotary dryers; leading the gases from both the dryer and the combustion kiln to the secondary combustion chamber (2); use of additional fuel to boost up the secondary combustion chamber reaction temperature to as high as 1200° C.; primary dry gas scrubbing in a precalciner or precalciners (3, 3a); heat recovery (4) and power generation; secondary gas scrubbing (5) in a semi-dry scrubber; bag filtering after activated carbon injection and returning of all the collected ash and used carbon into the waste kiln and/or a cement kiln. Detrimental materials for cement processing generated by waste combustion can be by-passed to a scrubbing system and a cement kiln. Residue slag from waste kilns can be treated and reused.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using in rotary kilns having a calciner and a tertiary air duct, which uses the hot air from the tertiary air duct for burning waste material in a combustion chamber formed therein, achieving a complete combustion of the waste material and discharging the hot combustion gas to the tertiary air duct for its use as supplemental energy source by the rotary kiln.

Abstract: A cyclone which includes an upper cylindrical portion opening into the wider end of a lower frustro-conical portion, with a primary air inlet such that the inlet air is substantially tangential to the circumference of the cyclone, and an exhaust outlet at or adjacent the top of the cylindrical portion; a control valve is associated with the exhaust outlet and can be used to partially or completely shut off the outlet; a secondary air inlet is associated with the narrow end of the frustro-conical portion and is provided with an air flow stabilising device adapted to admit a stream of air substantially along the longitudinal axis of the cyclone; also including means for withdrawing processed product from the frustro-conical portion.

Abstract: The plant for the thermal treatment of material, in particular scrap material, comprises at least a reaction zone within a rotary kiln having the longitudinal axis inclined of an angle in the range 0°±45° with regard to an horizontal plane and provided of first heating means and of at least a rotary screw having second heating means. The screw shaft is hollow and has, at least locally, apertures allowing the flow of gas from and/or into the reaction zone, a plurality of thermally conductive particles being movable within the reaction zone.

Abstract: A cement producing system includes a rotary kiln, a riser duct having lower portion communicably connected to the rotary kiln to pass process materials thereto, and a down draft calciner having a lower portion communicably connected to the lower portion of the riser duct. A tertiary duct is communicably connected to an upper portion of the down draft calciner to receive heated tertiary gas therefrom and a suspension burner is operably disposed in the down draft calciner in a manner to permit receipt of combustible waste and suspension of the waste therein for combustion thereof. A method of producing cement using the burner in the down draft calciner is also provided.

Abstract: In order to provide a comparatively simple and cost-effective method for cement clinker production lines where especially raw materials and/or fuel/secondary fuel containing chlorine compounds and a partial gas extraction with an electrostatic dust collector as waste gas dust remover are used, with which the risk of emitting the waste gas pollutants dioxin and/or furan is eliminated, it is proposed in accordance with the invention that the extracted quantity of the partial gas extraction stream, after cooling and electrostatic dust removal, is held lower than the sum of the secondary air drawn through the rotary kiln and the tertiary air drawn past the rotary kiln, and to recirculate the cooled and dedusted partial gas extraction solely into an area of the clinker cooler in which the recuperation air is removed from the clinker cooler, and the dioxins and/or furans of the partial gas extraction are decomposed in the clinker cooler on the hot cement clinker and/or deposited and/or decomposed by the high temper

Abstract: A controller for a kiln plant, typically a cement plant, has a thermodynamic controller which measures a number of variables including the kiln hood temperature and one or more output gas concentrations, and controls the fuel input to the kiln to maintain the hood temperature within a desired range and a main impeller of the kiln to maintain the measured gas concentrations within a predetermined range. The invention includes a quality controller wich controls the amount of 3CaO.SiO2 present in clinker produced by the plant. The controller comprises an inner controller which controls free-lime content in the clinker and a thermodynamic outer controller.

Abstract: Material to be treated such as garbage is charged into a first rotary kiln 14 to be mainly dehydrated and charged into a second rotary kiln 18 to be carbonized. The first rotary kiln 14 has a first nozzle pipe 11 therein for spouting a first high temperature gas and the second rotary kiln 18 has a second nozzle pipe 15 for spouting a second high temperature gas, mainly high temperature superheated steam with a temperature higher than a temperature of the first high temperature gas. The carbonized material is discharged outside after a temperature thereof is lowered to prevent spontaneous combustion in an atmosphere. Thereby, it is able to provide an apparatus for thermal treatment using superheated steam which can be built relatively small and by which treatment time can be shortened, and further, the final carbonized material can be used as charcoal.

Abstract: In the manufacture of cement clinker from cement raw meal, sulfide-containing raw materials or raw materials with a high TOC (total organic carbon) level can be used for cement manufacture, which are uncontrollably incompletely burned in the upper cyclone of a heat exchange line, thus leading to high emissions of CO, VOC (volatile organic carbon), and S2− in the waste gas. To reduce or completely eliminate such elevated emissions, an oxidation zone is provided in an waste gas duct downstream of the heat exchange line in the gas flow path, having an afterburner, the waste gas being caused positively to pass through open flames of the afterburner to assure the economical oxidation of the waste gas.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln. The method comprises injection of air with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/precalciner vessel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for production of cement clinker uses fragmented metallurgical slag, such as from blast furnace production of iron or steel, introduced into a rotary kiln at an infeed located between the kiln front feed end and the rear outlet end. The metallurgical slag combines with predominantly limestone feedstock material flowing inwardly from the feed end toward a burner pipe at the outlet end and intimately blends with the limestone material to become transformed into cement clinker as the blended materials progress through the kiln. Preferably, the metallurgical slag is introduced into the kiln through a kiln dust infeed apparatus present in many rotary kilns at a mid location.

Abstract: A lower heat exchanger for preheating powdered raw materials has a system of cyclones. The exchanger is divided into a high temperature part and a low temperature part, mutually interconnected with an interconnecting tube of hot gas. Lowest member of low temperature part is a counter current shaft exchanger having an input under the level of hot gas output from the highest cyclone of high temperature part. Heated-up powdered raw material is transported from the low temperature part into the high temperature part by a transport tube, to which the hot gas stream is led. To this stream, powdered raw material from the output of counter current shaft exchanger is led. To the output tube arranged between the input chamber of a rotary kiln and the first cyclone of high temperature part, the inputs for fuel, combustion gas, hot gasses, and/or precalcined raw material are ended.

Abstract: In order to provide a cement clinker production line with a calcinator connected to the rotary kiln and including a separate rotary drum-type reactor with the objective to safely burn even coarse secondary fuels in the drum-type reactor and also to evenly and effectively transfer the released heat energy to the cement raw meal, it is proposed in accordance with the invention to introduce into the rotary drum-type reactor on the inlet side for the solids a partial stream line of the tertiary air guided from the clinker cooler to the calcinator, a highly ignitable fuel, the low ignitable or low flammable secondary fuel and a partial stream line for the cement raw meal and to connect the exit side for the material on the rotary drum-type reactor via a line for carrying out the solid residues to the tertiary air channel and/or the rotary kiln exit gas channel of the calcinator and/or to the inlet chamber of the rotary kiln.

Abstract: To create a calcinator for a cement clinker production line which is connected to the rotary tubular kiln in series and which is equipped with double firings, in which it is possible expediently to dispose of lumpy combustibles such as unchipped used tires and/or other lumpy secondary combustibles by pyrolysis or potentially by combustion for the purpose of the high-grade calcination of the cement raw meal, without the pyrolysis process interfering with the calcination process, while simultaneously ensuring an exhaust gas having low NOx emissions, it is inventively proposed to slide the lumpy fuel such as old tires onto a displacement mechanism such as a grate that is transversely disposed in an additional tertiary air channel in the area of the junction with the exhaust gas channel of the rotary kiln, the lumpy fuel being pyrolized or burned on this mechanism with the aid of a tertiary air substream whose volume can be regulated, and the residue of the pyrolysis or combustion being pushed from said displacem

Abstract: In order to create a device like a shuttle sluice for sluicing or distributing a hot meal-form material flow, in particular for cement plant construction, whose shuttle valve or shuttle valves is or are easy and inexpensive to repair or renew in case of wear and tear, a shuttle sluice is provided, whose shuttle valve has at least two parts and comprising of an upper suspension part and a lower expendable part, whereby the upper suspension part and the lower expendable part of the shuttle valve are stiff or rigid, i.e., detachably connected to each other, not hinged or pivoted to each other.

Abstract: The cyclone heat exchanger according to the invention comprises a set of cyclones for preheating powdered raw material. The set of cyclones is divided into a high temperature part (1) and a low temperature part (2) mutually interconnected by a tube (4) with a return loop (40) which is located below the lever of lower cyclone (21) of low temperature part (2). The powdered raw material is transferred from the low temperature part (2) to the high temperature part (1) by means of a transport tube (50), fed with hot transporting gas. The high temperature part (1) and the low temperature part (2) are located in such a way, that the connection of the warm gas input (130) of the highest cyclone (13) of high temperature part (1) is located above the connection of warm gas input (210) of lower cyclone (21).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heat treatment of fine-grained material. In order to reduce the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas from the combustion zone, a region of the calcination zone is operated under reducing conditions and ammonia-containing additives are introduced into the calcination zone. In this case, at least the predominant proportion of the ammonia-containing additives is only added in a region of the calcination zone in which the secondary combustion of the combustion products which are formed in the section operated under reducing conditions but are not completely reacted out is largely concluded.

Abstract: In order to create, for cement clinker production lines, a calcinator that is connected upstream from the rotary tubular kiln and is equipped with two firings, which enables on the one hand a high-grade calcinated raw meal and on the other hand an exhaust gas with very low NOx emissions, as well as a burning that is as complete as possible of remaining CO-containing NOx reduction zones, it is provided that a combustion point with sub-stoichiometric fuel combustion be arranged both in the rotary kiln exhaust gas ascending line and also in the cooler outgoing air line which form a first and section portion, respectively, of the calcinator and that downstream in a flow direction of the suspension, additional combustion air discharges into the calcinator which combustion air is branched off from the tertiary air line coming from the clinker cooler via at least one branch line.

Abstract: An equipment for calcination for precalcining of powdered materials before their burning in a sintering equipment is inserted between the last but one cyclone (72) of connected cyclone exchanger (7) and the mixing channel (2), arranged over the input chamber (31) of connected rotary kiln (3) and connected to the input to the last cyclone (71) of cyclone exchanger (7) and it is composed from calcinating chamber (1), which have three parts—a working part (10), to which are connected the at least one air tube (6) and the at least one fuel input (5) and where this working part (10) and/or air tube (6) are further provided with input (4) of powdered material, and the upper part (11), which is provided with at least one interconnecting tube (110) serving for interconnecting with mixing channel (2) and lower part (12), which is provided with a removal tube (120) for interconnecting with the mixing channel (2).

Abstract: It is required with respect to the production of cement clinker from wet slurry raw materials that are calcined to cement clinker in a drying-rotary pipe furnace, which is preceded by a cyclone suspension type heat exchanger system, after the materials have been processed—to initially mechanically dewater the raw meal slurry up to a moisture of approximately 20% and to subsequently thermally dry the materials up to a residual moisture of approximately 0.5 through 1.0%. It is inventively proposed to carry out this thermal drying in a static cascade-step drier, whereby hot gas from the cyclone heat exchangers, in cross current, is led through the step drier for the drying.

Abstract: A self-contained calcination plant is enclosed in a feed-storage silo. The plant consists of a vertical reactor, a separation cyclone and a pair of heat exchangers connected by appropriate piping and immersed in the feed material stored in powdery form in the silo. A positive displacement blower creates an air stream that is preheated in one of the heat exchangers and fed in part to a gas burner and in part to a feed pipe at the bottom of the reactor. The feed material is kept in a fluidized state in the silo by air heated in the other heat exchanger and blown upward from the bottom of the storage compartment, from where the material is dropped into the feed pipe through rotary valves prior to injection into the reactor. The feed pipe is connected tangentially to the reactor so as to produce an upward swirling flow around the burner's flame.