Abstract: Disclosed is a combustion machine, including: a hopper, a drying mechanism and a combustion mechanism. The hopper is configured for storing materials and conveying the materials to the drying mechanism. The drying mechanism includes a conveying mechanism and a drying chamber, and the conveying mechanism is connected with the hopper and conveys the materials in the hopper to the drying chamber. The combustion mechanism includes a combustion chamber connected with the drying chamber via a material conveying pipeline, and a fire outlet pipe arranged in the combustion chamber and used for outputting flame. A hot air pipeline is connected between the combustion chamber and the drying chamber, and a first exhaust fan is arranged in the hot air pipeline.

Abstract: A method and system for thermal processing of a material conveyed in a rotary kiln with a rotatable kiln drum, the drum wall of which delimits a heatable drum chamber, from a drum inlet to a drum outlet of the kiln drum. The drum chamber is heated directly by conducting a heating gas into the drum chamber. The drum chamber is also heated indirectly by warming the drum wall at least in areas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a plant for producing asphalt mixture and is directed in particular to the recycling of recovered asphalt. In order to achieve recycling of up to 100% recovered asphalt and to produce an asphalt mixture with the required quality, it is provided according to the invention that at least the drying and heating of the asphalt granulate and/or aggregates are carried out in a low oxygen atmosphere. The low oxygen atmosphere is achieved by supplying low oxygen gases with an oxygen content of maximum 10%, preferably with an oxygen content of maximum 5%. The conveyance of the heated and dried asphalt granulate and/or aggregates, the siloing and mixing with bitumen to form a new, incorporation-ready asphalt mixture also usefully take place in a low oxygen atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing cement clinker in a plant having a cyclone preheater, a precalcination reactor, a rotary furnace and a clinker cooler. In the process, the flue gases from the furnace are conducted to the precalcination reactor, or even to the cyclone preheater. According to the invention, the precalcination reactor is fed with an oxygen-rich gas, the nitrogen content of which is less than 30%, constituting the sole oxygen source for said reactor, and a portion leaving the cyclone preheater is recycled into the plant so as to obtain a suitable flux necessary for suspending matter in said preheater, while the other portion, rich in carbon dioxide, is adapted for the purpose of a treatment for limiting the amount of carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere, such as particularly sequestration.

Abstract: A rotary kiln includes: a cylindrical shell that includes a supply-side end portion and a discharge-side end portion at both ends in an axial direction of the shell, and a heat treatment chamber which is defined inside the shell and in which a heat treatment is performed on a process material; a supply-side holder that holds the supply-side end portion; a discharge-side holder that holds the discharge-side end portion; a supply-side rotary shaft that allows rotation of the supply-side holder; and a discharge-side rotary shaft that allows rotation of the discharge-side holder. The shell is rotated about its own axis by rotating at least one of the supply-side rotary shaft and the discharge-side rotary shaft.

Abstract: A rotary kiln includes a cylindrical shell that rotates about its own axis and that has a heat treatment chamber provided radially inward of the shell. In the rotary kiln, a heat treatment is performed on a process material in the heat treatment chamber to manufacture a battery material. The shell is made of a carbon material. Since the shell is made of a carbon material, the rotary kiln can suppress contamination of metal scale, which adversely affects the battery material, into the battery material.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material.

Abstract: This application concerns methods and apparatus for use in industrial waste recovery operations such as recovery of non-consumed chemicals in industrial processes, with recovery of quick lime in a wood pulp process being an example. In some embodiments, methods comprise baking lime sludge in a kiln and controlling a temperature in a calcining zone of the kiln to be above about 2250° F. to vaporize sodium contained in the lime sludge. Interaction of the vaporized sodium with SOx can deter accumulation of one or both of CaCO3 and CaSO4 on one or more inner surfaces of the kiln. In some embodiments, lime sludge can be rinsed to generate a filtrate comprising dissolved NaOH, and the filtrate can charge a scrubber for removing SOx from an exhaust from the kiln. Embodiments of co-fired burners for heating such kilns by burning petroleum coke and natural gas are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recovering heat radiating from the outer surface of a rotary kiln includes an enclosure formed as a stationary housing that has an axially extending opening and closure flaps on circumferential ends of the housing extending towards the shell to form a chamber and an exhaust fan, arranged to draw a flow of air into the housing, which flow of air recovers heat from the kiln shell and is discharged from the chamber for heat recovery therefrom.

Abstract: A fine dust removal system for a rotary lime kiln includes a preheater adjacent the charging end of the kiln and a housing adjacent to and communicating with kiln charging end, such that a major portion of not off-gases containing solid particulates are diverted to the preheater and a minor portion thereof directed into the housing. At least a portion of the solid particulates is separated from the hot off-gases in the housing, while the hot off-gases leaving the housing, after solid particulate removal, are directed into the preheater.

Abstract: A rotary kiln includes: a cylindrical shell that includes a supply-side end portion and a discharge-side end portion at both ends in an axial direction of the shell, and a heat treatment chamber which is defined inside the shell and in which a heat treatment is performed on a process material; a supply-side holder that holds the supply-side end portion; a discharge-side holder that holds the discharge-side end portion; a supply-side rotary shaft that allows rotation of the supply-side holder; and a discharge-side rotary shaft that allows rotation of the discharge-side holder. The shell is rotated about its own axis by rotating at least one of the supply-side rotary shaft and the discharge-side rotary shaft.

Abstract: A rotary kiln includes a cylindrical shell that rotates about its own axis and that has a heat treatment chamber provided radially inward of the shell. In the rotary kiln, a heat treatment is performed on a process material in the heat treatment chamber to manufacture a battery material. The shell is made of a carbon material. Since the shell is made of a carbon material, the rotary kiln can suppress contamination of metal scale, which adversely affects the battery material, into the battery material.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln. The method comprises injection of air with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/precalciner vessel.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln. The method comprises injection of air with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/precalciner vessel.

Abstract: A calcining system is operated in a substoichiometric mode for reducing nitrogen oxide generation and removing sulfur from materials to be processed by creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere. The calcining system includes a rotary kiln rotating on a slightly inclined horizontal axis. The rotary kiln has a feed end introducing material to be processed and a discharge end. A preheating/precalcining device is positioned adjacent the feed end such that the material passes through the device prior to entering the rotary kiln. A stationary hood surrounds the discharge end. A burner is supported by the stationary hood. The burner introduces combustible fuel and combustion air into the rotary kiln through the discharge end and operates in a substoichiometric mode. At least one air nozzle is located along the length of the rotary kiln. The air nozzle injects combustion air into the rotary kiln.

Abstract: A rotating vacuum kiln for heat treating solid particulate material under vacuum conditions uses a rotating refractory metal cylindrical vessel with a cool inlet zone, hot intermediate zone, and cool exit zone, with a first series of inner radiation shields provided at the hot intermediate zone adjacent to the cool inlet zone and a second series of inner radiation shields provided at the hot intermediate zone adjacent the cool exit zone to protect those two zones from the high temperatures in the hot intermediate zone. Heat for the hot intermediate zone of the cylindrical vessel is provided indirectly by electrical resistance heaters that surround the vessel and outer radiation shields are provided about the heaters to direct heat to the cylindrical vessel.

Abstract: A method or an arrangement for making the fired-material discharge stream from a rotary kiln more uniform upstream of a cooler is distinguished by the fact that at least some of the fired material is conveyed out of the coarse-material discharge region (5) toward the fine-material discharge region (4) and/or at least some of the fired material is conveyed out of the fine-material discharge region (5) toward the coarse-material discharge region (5) before it reaches the cooler.

Abstract: A method of burning tires in a horizontally rotating combuster includes the steps of loading the tires into a rotating combustion chamber through a traveling air lock and burning them until they are reduced to ash; enhancing combustion by tumbling the burning tires in a tapered rotating chamber while adding preheated draft air; controlling the intake draft air using thermal expansion of the rotary combustion chamber to activate the draft control valve; advancing the residual ash with each successive revolution of the combustion chamber by use of angled flights on the inner surface of the chamber to an afterburner for completion of the combustion and disposal of the ash.

Abstract: A rotary tube furnace suitable for operation in controlled atmospheres at temperatures in the range of 1500.degree. to 2800.degree. comprises a generally horizontal rotatable graphite tube slidably supported on water-cooled split ring graphite bearings. The graphite tube is rotated by means of a stainless steel drive plate and is contained within a flexible atmospheric sealing assembly and enclosure for the containment of a selected atmosphere around and within the tube and allows for the co-current or counter-current flow of gas during operation. Radiation baffles in the interior of the graphite tube inhibit radiant heat loss at the ends of the tube. The graphite tube may be constructed in two or more sections having threaded ends for ease of installation as well as removal or replacement for maintenance purposes. A heating section of the tube is heated by a plurality of graphite electrical heating elements contained within an insulated heating chamber.

Abstract: A flighted, horizontally inclined rotary retort, heated externally by flame, hot gases, steam or other sources of heat. The retort shall have sufficient flight area to transport the coal through the retort in the predetermined time. The coal being processed in this retort is prevented from becoming exothermic by provision for a countercurrent flow of blanket gas, heated to a predetermined temperature below exotherm, to prevent coal surface temperatures from rising above the ignition temperature. The retort accommodates oversize pieces of raw coal by having alternating long and short flights, thus allowing greater space between long flights and allowing the larger pieces to be carried over the center pipe by the wiping action of the long flights. The retort will also be provided with an internal pipe, mounted on the center line of the shell.

Abstract: An apparatus burns tires in a horizontally rotating combuster. The tires are loaded into a rotating combustion chamber through a traveling air lock and burned until they are reduced to ash. Combustion is enhanced by tumbling the burning tires in the rotating chamber while adding preheated draft air. The intake draft air is controlled using thermal expansion of the rotary combustion chamber to activate the draft control valve. The inner surface of the chamber is tapered in order to prevent unburned debris from advancing prematurely; however, angled flights, positioned along the inner surface, cause the residual ash to advance with each successive revolution of the combustion chamber. The resulting combination of gases and ash are then forwarded to an afterburner for completion of the combustion and disposal of the ash.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which is a trailer mounted rotating drum having an auger feed, an air tight seal, chain, and spiral and lateral flights within the drum which is heated externally, through which contaminated soil, such as drilling cuttings, is heated and processed to remove and reclaim the contaminants. The decontaminated soil exits through a dual trap door arrangement with the entry and exit door being 180 .degree. apart. A water quench line extends into the drum for dust suppression. The contaminant is typically diesel oil which has been added to drilling muds. The soil which exits the unit is essentially contaminant free, and the diesel oil which has been vaporized during the heating process is condensed and collected.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying/calcining comprises a horizontally extending rotatable drum and a center tube, concentrically positioned within the rotatable drum to provide an annular combustion chamber between the outer wall of the center tube and the inner wall of the rotatable drum. One or more gas jet burners are positioned to inject gas fuel and combustion air into the annular combustion chamber in a tangential direction to create a vortex flow of combustion gases through the annular combustion chamber. The flue gas is discharged through the center tube. In operation, a material to be dried and/or calcined is applied to the external wall of the rotatable drum as it rotates toward a scraper or doctor blade where the dried or calcined product is removed by scraping.

Abstract: A carbon reactivation apparatus has a fossil fuel kiln adjacent to a rotary dryer and flue gas from the kiln flows through the dryer co-currently with carbon particles to provide a more efficient process than previously known. The apparatus has a rotary kiln with a drum therein sloped downwards from a feed end to a discharge end, a furnace shell surrounding at least a portion of the drum with a fossil fuel heater and hot gases from within the shell heat the rotary kiln. A rotary dryer slopes downwards from an inlet end to an outlet end and carbon particles to be reactivated are fed into the inlet end. Ducting from the shell surrounding the drum of the rotary kiln extends to the inlet end of the rotary dryer for hot gases to flow along the dryer to the outlet end in the same direction as the carbon particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for supplying gas to a rotary kiln, which has a gas supply pipe 5 divided into segments 17 which is connected to an external gas source via an enclosing bracket 7.

Abstract: A rotary kiln has a generally cylindrical housing centered on and extending along an axis inclined to the horizontal and having an upper upstream end and a lower downstream end and a drive that rotates the kiln about its axis. Particles to be heat-treated are fed into the housing at the upstream end and are extracted from the downstream end. A plurality of axially separate heat-exchange radiators fixed in the housing are connected axially in series and a fluent heat-exchange medium is flowed serially through the radiators from the downstream end of the housing to the upstream end of the housing.

Abstract: A device for supplying gas to a rotary cylinder by means of a slip ring channel is described, a relative movement between rotating part and stationary part of the slip ring being permitted.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the manufacture of activated carbon wherein a carbonaceous raw material impregnated with a chemical activating agent is treated by controlling the rate of heat transfer to the particles via indirect heating of the activation furnace and simultaneously introducing a flow of independently controlled sweep gas at spaced intervals along the path of travel of the particles through the furnace to more precisely control the activation reaction and the level of densification of the particles during certain stages of treatment. In a more preferred embodiment, the particles are processed in a plurality of treatment stages related to the rate of evolution of water and/or the evolution of water and the chemical activating agent and the rates of heat transfer and the volume flow rate of sweep gas are closely controlled relative to achieving predetermined levels of densification of the particles during each treatment stage and selected levels of activation properties in the end product.

Abstract: The drum of the installation is provided with a double wall which is closed on its rear end and where the inside wall of which is provided with openings, with a hollow central tube provided with openings the rear end of which tube is closed, and with radial double walls provided with openings and which connect said tube and the double drum wall with one another, where a duct is provided for blowing incineration air directly into the drum and a duct for at least partially recycling the burnt combustion gases from the drum and returning them to the drum, for cooling the double drum wall, controlling the furnace temperature and preventing waste from baking onto the drum.

Abstract: A rotary kiln with primary air feed at the end wall of the rotary kiln is distinguished by the feature that at least two primary air nozzles are oriented relative to each other and to the fuel bed so that two oppositely directed vortices are generated within the rotary kiln, the axes of rotation of said vortices extending substantially parallel to the axis of the rotary kiln and said vortices rotating about said axes of rotation so as to promote the thermal convection-induced motion of the combustion gases.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the manufacture of activated carbon wherein a carbonaceous raw material impregnated with a chemical activating agent is treated by controlling the rate of heat transfer to the particles via indirect heating of the activation furnace and simultaneously introducing a flow of independently controlled sweep gas at spaced intervals along the path of travel of the particles through the furnace to more precisely control the activation reaction and the level of densification of the particles during certain stages of treatment. In a more preferred embodiment, the particles are processed in a plurality of treatment stages related to the rate of evolution of water and/or the evolution of water and the chemical activating agent and the rates of heat transfer and the volume flow rate of sweep gas are closely controlled relative to achieving predetermined levels of densification of the particles during each treatment stage and selected levels of activation properties in the end product.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including one or more rotating drums with a freely rotating helix inside the drum to move material to be heated or cooled longitudinally through the drum, as well as to help clean the surface of the drum, together with carriers to assist in heat transfer and cleaning of the drum surface, and scoops to recycle the carriers through an inner coaxial drum. The drum has a sealed inlet and outlet disposed so that the seals are not exposed to excessive temperatures. Cooling chambers are coaxially mounted on each end of the rotating drums for cooling and condensing vapors and cooling solid particles treated in the drum. An inner drum conveys the carriers back to the starting point by means of a freely rotating helix.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for the manufacture of activated carbon wherein a carbonaceous raw material impregnated with a chemical activating agent is treated by controlling the rate of heat transfer to the particles via indirect heating of the activation furnace and simultaneously introducing a flow of independently controlled sweep gas at spaced intervals along the path of travel of the particles through the furnace to more precisely control the activation reaction and the level of densification of the particles during certain stages of treatment. In a more preferred embodiment, the particles are processed in a plurality of treatment stages related to the rate of evolution of water and/or the evolution of water and the chemical activating agent and the rates of heat transfer and the volume flow rate of sweep gas are closely controlled relative to achieving predetermined levels of densification of the particles during each treatment stage and selected levels of activation properties in the end product.

Abstract: An improved method of introducing air into a rotary combustor for burning municipal solid waste in an incinerator, wherein a large amount of air is introduced over the top portion of the combustor adjacent the outlet end thereof to maintain the CO at acceptable low levels in response to a reduction in the amount of oxygen in the flue gas even when varying amounts of high heating value materials are introduced sporadically.

Abstract: This invention aims to offer an external heating rotary furnace for indirectly heating materials such as ore, coke, etc. which are liable to be oxidized, by insulating then from an oxidixing combustion gas atmosphere. The furnace comprises the following members: are reaction chamber (5) in which materials are heated to high temperature, defined by heat resistant ceramic means 4 from the combustion chamber (10) in which the fuel burns out.The fuel burns out in the combusion chamber, and combustion gas does not pass through the reaction chamber (5). Materials to be treated are heated indirectly in the reaction chamber (5) through the insulating ceramic wall (4).According to this invention, materials to be treated can be heated indirectly over 1,400.degree. C. effectively isolated from the combustion gas atmosphere, and inexpensive fuel can be used. Particularly, this invention is useful for the reduction of ores.

Abstract: A thermal treatment process employs an indirectly fired rotary kiln in which matrix material contaminated with organic substances such as dioxins, PCBs, PAHs, fuel oils, and the like is heated as the material is advanced through the kiln to cause components of the organics to be released as vapor. Purge gas of low oxygen content is conducted through the kiln at a relatively low velocity of from about 0.5 ft./sec. to about 10 ft./sec. to gently sweep the vaporized components of the organic substances from the kiln and to minimize the entrainment of solid particulates, and to produce an off gas mixture including the vaporized components. The off gas is conditioned after removal from the kiln to render it acceptable for discharge to the atmosphere. The oxygen concentration in the kiln is maintained at a sufficiently low level to substantially prevent combustion of the vaporized organic components in the kiln.

Abstract: A novel high-temperature, gas-burning furnace has a rotating porous-ceramic bed, which serves the integral functions of wall insulator, thermal regenerator, combustion chamber, and radiant heater. The configuration permits high chamber temperatures (up to 1400.degree. C.), large temperature gradients across the bed (typically, 600.degree. C. across 2.5 cm), and low stack losses (exhaust stream on the order of 250.degree. C.).

Abstract: A combustion device for the pyrolytic destruction and gasification of industrial or other wastes, or lower sulfur fuels, is provided which includes an elongated cylindrical kiln body. Air is introduced into the kiln body by a plurality of pipes which define different combustion zones therewithin. A sorbent such as pulverized limestone may be introduced into each zone for reaction with the feedstock material to reduce undesirable flue emissions. The pipes are oriented within the kiln body to sweep the feedstock along the kiln body in a generally cyclonic pattern of torroidal shape and cross-sectional contour. The kiln may be rotated at various speeds corresponding to the force of the introduced combustion air to fluidize and entrain the feedstock material to be combusted.

Abstract: Apparatus for minimizing dust in a kiln system for pyroprocessed particulate material such as lime received from a source such as a kiln. A suction nozzle is located in close proximity to the underside of a stream of falling particles discharging from a kiln where fines are noted to be characteristically concentrated and another suction nozzle is located under an underlying grate immediately adjacent the stream of falling particles channeled through the grate and in the zone of highest concentration of fines. By thus locating the nozzles in the zones of maximum concentration of fines significant quantities of dust can be removed by utilizing only a small fraction of the air and power required with other dust removal systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for the thermal treatment of a batch of raw material has a casing and a drum rotatably mounted in the casing, the drum being made of good thermally conductive material and being substantially closed off from the open atmosphere. A drive is provided for rotating the drum and a feeder can introduce a bath of raw material into the drum and a device is provided for discharging a said batch which has been heated in the drum. A conduit conveys hot gases in heat exchange relationship with the drum.

Abstract: Heat exchange apparatus is provided for use in a rotary kiln having a bed therein for introducing thermal energy directly into central portions of the bed without lifting or tumbling thereof. In this manner, efficient heat transfer is effected from hot upper portions of the kiln to within central portions of the bed without causing significant dust generation which results in unwanted loss of heat and raw materials from the kiln. A plurality of tubular refractory members are held in a spaced apart relationship with the rotary kiln wall which are heated in the upper portions of the kiln and cooled as they pass through the bed when the kiln is rotated.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for supplying heated air to a commercial dryer utilizes a back-mounted burner firing through coaxial cylinders of different diameters contained in the combustion chamber to heat air drawn through the larger cylinder. Additional fresh air in a secondary passage alongside the larger cylinder is selectively controlled to reduce the temperature of air flowing through the cylinder for the protection of the laundry articles in the dryer.

Abstract: A rotary drum 2 is provided with vanes 26 extending longitudinally thereof defining passages 21 therebetween with gas to be fed to the reactor being fed only to those of the passages 21 the outlets from which into the reactor are covered by the solid material 20 being tumbled therein. Within this arrangement it can be ensured that the hot gases being used to treat the solid materials can be passed through the solid material as it is being tumbled in the reactor with the reactor being capable of accepting a large range of different materials with a variation of particle and lump size. The reactor in its preferred exemplary form is used for starved air incineration of waste materials, the gas supply means being used to supply gas in an amount insufficient to complete the reaction in the drum such that combustible gases leave the outlet end for use in the burner 10 used to provide the hot gases to the reactor drum.

Abstract: An apparatus (14) embodying heat exchange means for treating solid, granular and aggregate materials, and in particular for treating spent, i.e., used, chemically bonded foundry sand. The subject apparatus (14) includes a rotatable first chamber means (16) in which the used foundry sand is preheated while traveling in a first direction therethrough from one end thereof to the other end thereof. From the first chamber means (16) the preheated used foundry sand is suitably conveyed to a thermal reclaimer means (12) for purposes of thermally removing organic matter therefrom. Thereafter, the used foundry sand is conveyed to a second chamber means (44) wherein the used foundry sand undergoes post reclamation whereby any organic matter that may yet remain in the foundry sand is thermally removed therefrom. From the second chamber means (44) the used foundry is made to pass into a third chamber means (52) which is located in surrounding heat exchange relation to the first chamber means (16).

Abstract: A process for the removal of volatile liquid from particulate material employing indirect heating of the particulate material by means of combustion gases resulting from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuel, and further employing purging of the thus heated particulate material by means of combustion gases produced by the combustion of low sulfur fuel to remove vaporized volatile liquid from the particulate material. Also disclosed is a system for performing such removal of volatile liquid from particulate material.

Abstract: An apparatus that is designed to heat a flowable granular material up to an elevated temperature and cool the material back down to a temperature that is as close as possible to the temperature of the incoming material before exiting, where a substantial portion of the heat transferred in both heating the incoming material up and cooling the outgoing material back down is not being accomplished by outside heat sources and heat sinks, but rather by transferring heat from outgoing material to incoming material on a more or less direct basis. This is to be accomplished by an apparatus that is comprised of two coaxial cylinders rotating about their common axis whereby feed material enters and exits from one end, and a heat source is provided at the opposite end. Feed material enters into the inner chamber and travels towards the heat source.

Abstract: Gases are blown into the kiln through its shell by means of shell pipes or nozzle blocks. The rates at which gases actually enter the kiln are ascertained in that the pressure in each supply duct is pneumatically tapped at a constriction and is applied to a transducer, which is secured to the kiln. A differential pressure is ascertained by the transducer and converted to an electric signal, which is delivered to a control station via slip rings, which are secured to the kiln, and stationary taps.

Abstract: This invention is a device for pyrolyzing waste materials comprising a low - temperature carbonizing reactor. The reactor includes a longitudinally extending tubular vessel adapted to be loaded with waste materials to be pyrolyzed and a flue gas duct which surrounds a shell of the carbonizing reactor, which defines an annular space which concentrically surrounds the tubular vessel, and which is adapted to have hot flue gases passed therethrough for the purpose of heating the shell of the reactor. The flue gas duct contains a baffle for maintaining turbulent flow about the reactor and for uniformly distributing the flue gases about the periphery of the tubular vessel. The baffle comprises a plurality of heat conducting elements which are disposed in planes which contain the longitudinal axis of the annular space and a plurality being disposed in planes extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the annular space.

Abstract: A port assembly for delivering fluid through a shell of a horizontal rotating reactor, such as a rotary kiln, is disclosed for purging from the port particulate material which enters port piping when no fluid is passing through the port. The port assembly comprises a cylindrical nozzle disposed in a port pipe, or port sleeve. The nozzle defines a nozzle orifice for discharging fluid into the reactor. A base member having a sloping surface is provided adjacent the nozzle with the sloping surface and nozzle cooperating to define a fluid distribution cavity with a thickness constantly varying from its circumference toward its center. The base member is sized as to define a fluid supply passage with facing surfaces of the port sleeve. Rest tabs along the circumference of the base member separate the base member from the nozzle while permitting communication between the fluid supply passage and fluid distribution cavity.

Abstract: A port assembly for delivering fluid through a shell of a rotary kiln is disclosed with structures for screening and excluding particulate matter from the port during operation of the kiln. The port assembly comprises a cylindrical nozzle defining a nozzle orifice to deliver fluid to the interior of a kiln. A base member secured to one side of the nozzle is provided with a platform extending partly through the nozzle orifice and cooperates with the nozzle to define an annular chamber. Facing surfaces of the base member and nozzle define a fluid distribution cavity for providing fluid to the annular chamber for ultimate distribution into the kiln. An annular shoulder surrounding the platform within the fluid distribution cavity cooperates with a facing surface of the nozzle to define a particle barrier gap.