Abstract: An improved method and a skid member for minimizing the temperature difference between a skid-contacting region and other regions in a hot material to be heated such as a slab or billet within a reheating furnace and a skid apparatus using the same. The skid member has at least one ventilation channel for restraining heat transfer toward a lower portion of the skid member for supporting or carrying the hot material in the reheating furnace and allowing passage of hot gas through the same to reduce the temperature difference between a contact region and a non-contact region of the hot material.

Abstract: An improved method and a skid member for minimizing the temperature difference between a skid-contacting region and other regions in a hot material to be heated such as a slab or billet within a reheating furnace and a skid apparatus using the same. The skid member has at least one ventilation channel for restraining heat transfer toward a lower portion of the skid member for supporting or carrying the hot material in the reheating furnace and allowing passage of hot gas through the same to reduce the temperature difference between a contact region and a non-contact region of the hot material.

Abstract: A steel reheat furnace and method of use thereof are disclosed. The furnace includes a housing defining an interior furnace space that is substantially sealed from the environment. A carbon monoxide atmosphere is placed in the interior furnace space for enveloping the steel and protecting it from oxidation. Oxidation of the carbon monoxide generates heat that reheats the steel for later rolling into rolled steel. Flue gases are removed from the furnace by a furnace hood and flue system. The steel advances through the furnace by a roller system driven by frictional force.

Abstract: A walking beam furnace has in its interior fixed beams and walking beams for holding and transporting material to be annealed. These beams are provided with different support members for the material to be annealed, of which support members one serves for transporting flat material and the other for transporting round material. The different support members are arranged on the fixed and walking beams one after another in an alternating sequence.

Abstract: Rider bar assembly for a product support beam of a reheat furnace of the type suitable for reheating steel product such as slabs, blooms, bar stock and semi-finished products. The assembly has a rider bar which defines an upper contact surface on which a product to be heated is receivable, a base component which has an upper region with which a lower region of the rider bar is contiguous and support means by which the base component and the rider bar thereon are mountable on a product support beam of the furnace in which the product is to be reheated. The rider bar is formed of a high temperature resistant, solid ceramic material which is a low porosity and which has sufficient compressive strength for supporting part of the load of the product when the letter is received thereon and also on the rider bar of other assemblies mounted on the same and other beams.

Abstract: A reheat furnace for reheating elongated metal workpieces includes an entrance end portion and an exit end portion opposite to the entrance end portion, and two side walls spaced apart from each other and extending between the entrance and exit end portions. A conveyor mechanism is provided to convey the workpieces from the entrance end portion to the exit end portion. The reheat furnace is constructed to have a buffer zone adapted to temporarily contain workpieces without applying direct heat to the workpieces and a heating zone adapted to apply direct heat to the workpieces.

Abstract: A means for curing heat-curable paint on vehicle panels includes an elongate pipe defining an internal combustion chamber with a fuel burner at one end of the pipe and means for removing combustion products from the other end of the pipe. The pipe is clamped in a substantially horizontal position and has "bellows" means allow for thermal contraction and expansion. Two part-cylindrical baffles are supported at opposite sides of the pipe but spaced therefrom and from each other so as to define an upper elongate opening. Ignition means are provided to ignite fuel within the burner, to initiate combustion whereby the outer surface of the pipe emits radiant heat primarily through the upper elongate opening, while convective heat is transferred to air passing upwardly between the baffles and the pipe.

Abstract: Walking-beam furnace for the accelerated heating of billets or the like, in which the upper surfaces of the mobile beams (1) and of the fixed beams (1') are made up of billet-tipping ridges (5, 4) having profiles which interact during operation so as to cause rotation of the billets about their longitudinal axes as they advance through the furnace. According to the invention, the billet-tipping ridges (4, 5) of the fixed beams (1') and of the mobile beams (1) consist of a plurality of modular elements (7, 8, 9, 10) in the form of billet-tipping ridge segments which are mutually aligned along the length of the beams (1, 1'). The ridge segments (7, 8, 9, 10) have additional features which improve operation of the billet-tipping ridges (4, 5).

Abstract: A melting-and-solidification manufacturing method for manufacturing an ingot of a high critical temperature superconductive oxide belonging, in particular, to the YBaCuO, BiSrCaCuO, or TlBaCaCuO families, wherein:an ingot of oxide having the appropriate stoichiometery is used;the ingot is held horizontally by levitation on a film of gas inside a furnace;the ingot is melted;a vertical thermal gradient is established inside said furnace such that nucleation starts at the bottom portion of said ingot;while maintaining said thermal gradient, the overall temperature of the furnace is lowered at a rate of not more than 0.1.degree. C./hour down to the temperature which corresponds to complete ingot solidification; andfinally, conventional oxygenation treatment is applied to said ingot.

Abstract: Tall work-supporting elements, riders or buttons, for reheat furnaces increase the unshadowed area of radiation exposure for the under surface of steel workpieces and thereby significantly reduce the "skid mark" phenomena of workpieces. The tall supporting members are secured to horizontal water-cooled skids and have internal flow passageways to receive cooling water.

Abstract: The present invention enables a tile or other ceramic wares to have a deep reduced color. A roller hurse kiln 210 includes rollers 214, and a burner mounted in a firing zone adjacent to the outlet so as to provide a reducing gas. The burner has gas injection holes. The injection holes may be circular holes having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm or may be in the form of a slit having a width of 1 to 5 mm. The burner is located 15 to 80 mm above a material to be fired.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for increasing the thermal radiation heat transfer between a metallurgical reheat furnace and the object being heated within the furnace by increasing the distance between the water cooled skid pipes and the object itself thereby reducing the shadow effect of the support structure on the object being heated.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for decreasing temperature differentials within rectangular metal blooms being heated in a furnace. The apparatus includes elongated internally cooled members located above the blooms adjacent an exit end of the furnace. The longitudinal axes of the internally cooled members are parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axes of the blooms, the latter axes being aligned so as to extend transversely with respect to the direction of movement of the blooms from an entry to an exit end of the furnace.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement of high thrust burners with control systems for a heating furnace which heat metal or similar product, in order to erase developing cold skid marks. The location of these burners is specified, transversely and longitudinally as well as their position with the product face. This invention considers the flow of gases inside of the furnace and the necessary burner characteristic required for the application of these burners to the developing skid marks and the reasons for the specifications. The burners are required to be such that the maximum available heat in the flame is applied at the spot required in order to heat those spots at a faster rate than the cooling effect of the water cooled parts, which are the initial causes of the cold spots. Moreover, it is specified as to the control systems and to the part in which they play in the operation of the skid mark erasure burners.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement of high thrust burners with control systems for a heating furnace which heat metal or similar product, in order to erase developing cold skid marks. The location of these burners is specified, transversely and longitudinally as well as their position with the product face. This invention considers the flow of gases inside of the furnace and the necessary burner characteristic required for the application of these burners to the developing skid marks and the reasons for the specifications. The burners are required to be such that the maximum available heat in the flame is applied at the spot required in order to heat those spots at a faster rate than the cooling effect of the water cooled parts, which are the initial causes of the cold spots. Moreover, it is specified as to the control systems and to the part in which they play in the operation of the skid mark erasure burners.

Abstract: A steel reheating furnace is characterized by a plurality of elongated, longitudinally extending, heating elements and associated skid rails, the skid rails having primary portions laterally offset with the portions supporting respective of laterally offset first and second areas on the bottom of slabs as they pass through the furnace. The heating elements direct their heat at the respective first areas when the slabs have their second areas supported by the rail portions, and vice versa, whereby to eliminate skid marks caused by the rail portions shielding the slab.

Abstract: A walking beam furnace comprises a hearth formed by fixed and walking beams disposed with their axes in the feed direction. Both the walking beams and the fixed beams are divided at positions spaced apart in the feed direction into sections, and each section of each beam is staggered relative to the adjacent section. As a result, the material to be annealed comes into contact with the cooled fixed beams at different positions at each of the conveying pauses and temperature balancing takes place at the points of contact.

Abstract: First and second arrays of alternately fixed and mobile, transversely spaced, elongated fire dogs are arranged in a furnace for heating iron and steel products, the fire dogs lying parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, the second array being transversely offset from the first array, whereby the fixed fire dogs of the first array extend therebeyond substantially to a line common with the ends of the fixed fire dogs of the second array, the mobile fire dogs of the second array extending therebeyond and overlapping the extended portions of the fixed fire dogs of the first array, one of the mobile fire dogs of each array lying midway between the fixed fire dogs thereof, and one of the fixed fire dogs of each array lying midway between the mobile fire dogs thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to the walking beam furnaces--particularly of the bilateral-heating type, with fixed and/or walking beams (1, 2) cooled by means of water or other fluid--for the heating of metallurgical products (B), such as billets, blooms or the like. The invention aims to eliminate or minimize the localized cooling effect on metallurgical products where they contact the cooled beams, which cooling generates the so-called skid marks on said metallurgical products.For this purpose, the invention provides a method wherein each metallurgical article is turned over 180.degree. at least once around its longitudinal axis at a region in the furnace which is near the discharge end (18) of the furnace.

Abstract: A pusher-type furnace for heating slabs is disclosed having lift rails in its soak zone for periodically raising slabs out of contact with skid rails along which the slabs travel through the furnace. The controlled raising and lowering of the lift rails in the soak zone alternates with extraction of slabs from the furnace discharge end and pushing of slabs along the skid rails, and reduces or eliminates soak zone skid marks on the bottom surface of the slabs without the need for a soak hearth. The lift mechanism comprises an open structure of rails and supporting members to facilitate heating as well as soaking of the slabs in the furnace soak zone, thus promoting efficient use of fuel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for forming hollow and cylindrical ingots of amorphous or fused silica and other ingot materials. The ingot is formed from a melt on a deposition surface which is lowered as the ingot is formed at a rate which maintains a constant distance between the deposition surface and a heat source vertically positioned above same. The melt is shaped into a vertical cylinder by at least one forming tool which is a roller member rotatable about a vertical axis. In a preferred embodiment the fixed distance from the heat source is maintained with the aid of the laser beam.