Abstract: A multi-zone heating oven is disclosed. The multi-zone heating oven includes a plurality of in-line heating chambers, a conveyor system configured to convey objects between and into each chamber of the plurality of in-line heating chambers and a supply line for each of the plurality of in-line heating chambers. In addition, the multi-zone heating oven includes an exhaust system. The humidity in each chamber is set individually. Changes in the temperature and humidity that an object is subjected to are controlled by moving the object through the plurality of chambers.

Abstract: A single-pass lumber kiln includes a main drying chamber, a heat source to provide heat to the main drying chamber, a pre-heating chamber connected to a receiving side of the main drying chamber, the pre-heating chamber having a moisture collector and a kiln entrance, a supplemental heat source to provide heat to the pre-heating chamber, a conditioning chamber connected to an exit of the main drying chamber, the conditioning chamber having a moisture delivery system and a kiln exit, wherein the pre-heating chamber, the main drying chamber and the conditioning chamber are positioned such that lumber entering the kiln travels in only one direction, partitions between the main drying chamber and the conditioning chamber, and between the main drying chamber and the pre-heating chamber, the partitions having controllable dampers, fans arranged adjacent the pre-heating chamber, the conditioning chamber, and the main drying chamber, wherein some of the fans are arranged between the pre-heating and main drying chambe

Abstract: A thermal processing furnace for workpieces has a blowing hood in which a nozzle is installed, the nozzle blowing a gas flow to thermally process a workpiece, including a driving mechanism that adjusts a distance between the nozzle and a portion of the workpiece facing the nozzle so that the gas flow blown from the nozzle impinges on workpieces of various dimensions at a desired flow velocity, wherein a plurality of nozzles are arranged as the nozzle along a conveying direction of the workpiece in a zone where the thermal processing is performed, and the driving mechanism adjusts a distance between each of the nozzles and a portion of the workpiece facing the nozzle individually in each of the plurality of nozzles.

Abstract: In various implementations, track ovens may include spiral conveyor systems, burners, and/or fans for heating. The fans may transfer heated air from a first portion of the oven and deliver the heated air to a second portion of the oven through a ducting system. The ducting system may deliver the air proximate a top surface and a bottom surface of a bakery product. The ducting system may allow variable control of the hot air delivery.

Abstract: A device and a method are disclosed for replaceably insulating a roof of an industrial oven that allows repair of damaged insulation while the oven continues operation at high temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a combustion furnace with coaxial staged hearth and heating method thereof, in which the combustion furnace comprises a metal furnace body (40) whose internal part is provided with a furnace chamber. The furnace chamber is divided into two sections at the middle by fire resistant material to form a left and a right independent combustion chambers (18, 19). Two independent combustion chambers (18, 19) are respectively connected with the ends of flue gas chambers (2, 60), while the other ends of the flue gas chambers (2, 60) are respectively connected with a burner (3). The peripherals of two independent combustion chambers (18, 19) are respectively provided with a flue gas heat radiation pipe (14). A middle flue gas chamber (100) is set in the middle position of the furnace chamber. Two ends of the flue gas heat radiation pipe (14) are respectively connected with the flue gas chamber (2, 60) and the middle flue gas chamber (100).

Abstract: The invention provides a tunnel kiln for firing ceramic porous bodies which can fire ceramic porous bodies containing organic binders in a shorter period of time than in conventional methods without producing breaks or requiring nitrogen gas. The tunnel kiln includes a preheating zone 1, a firing zone 2, and a cooling zone 3 and fires the ceramic porous bodies loaded on a carriage 7 by driving it in a furnace. A heat storage regenerative burner 10 is used as means of heating the firing zone 2 so that low-oxygen-concentration exhaust gas discharged from the heat storage regenerative burner 10 may be returned to an exhaust gas return line 14 and supplied into the preheating zone 1. The exhaust gas return line 14 may be provided with a combustion device 17 that reduces the oxygen concentration by consuming oxygen contained in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: Plant and process for cement clinker production includes preheating a raw meal, a calcination step where the raw meal is brought to a temperature of about 800-850° C. to substantially decompose its mineral constituents into their oxides, and a sintering step where the load is brought to a temperature of 1300 to 1450° C. to form Ca2SiO4 (or (CaO)2.SiO2), to further decompose calcium carbonate and partially melt the load to form Ca3.SiO5 (or (CaO)3.SiO2) in a rotarykiln, followed by cooling the resulting clinker, and optionally milling it, wherein untreated oil sludge is supplied into an injection zone of the calcination zone operated at a material temperature of approx. 800-850° C., the injection zone including the bottom discharge of the lowest cyclone stages and/or of the precalciner, if appropriate, the feed-in slope of the rotary kiln and the gas phase over the mineral bed at the material inlet end of the rotary kiln.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for heating at least one workpiece in a furnace by which the workpiece is heated by heating facilities. An exemplary method comprises heating a complete workpiece with the heating facilities. The exemplary method also comprises moving the workpiece out of the furnace such that a first portion of the workpiece is still inside the furnace while a second portion of the workpiece is outside the furnace and holding the workpiece at this position for a predetermined time period. Finally, the exemplary method comprises moving the complete workpiece out of the furnace.

Abstract: A modular mobile furnace train apparatus and a process is disclosed. Mobile furnaces may be interconnected in series to form a modular mobile furnace train. Exhaust gas may then flow through mobile furnaces in a furnace train, allowing for more effective heat transfer to payload being heated as well as increasing energy recapture. Volatile gasses emitted by the payload may be combusted. This recapture reduces production of carbon dioxide and reduces the amount of energy required during the firing while the combustion of volatiles reduces exhaust pollutants. A fire line is an area where heat is applied, while a service line is an area where loading, unloading, inspection, and ongoing maintenance may take place. The modular mobile furnace train allows separation of the fire and maintenance which reduces worker exposure to dangerous environments while decreasing operational costs. Furthermore, the modular mobile furnace facility is less costly to build and operate.

Abstract: The invention provides a heat treatment apparatus, in which an intake valve (91a) is mounted on an ambient gas feed pipe (91) connected to a heating chamber (12), an exhaust valve (131a) is mounted on an exhaust pipe (131), and a pressure sensor (150) is provided on the heating chamber (12). Through the control of a control unit (80) connected to the pressure sensor (150), to the intake valve (91a) and to the exhaust valve (131a), the intake valve (91a) and the exhaust valve (131a) are opened or closed, thus supplying ambient gas into the heating chamber (12) or exhausting ambient gas from the cooling chamber (13) depending on an internal pressure of the heating chamber (12). Thus, the amount of ambient gas used in heat treating workpieces (1) is minimized and thus operational costs are reduced. It is possible to prevent accidents such as gas explosions as well as to reduce environmental contamination caused by the combustion of ambient gas.

Abstract: A high capacity shaft kiln, which includes a plurality of vertical kiln shafts, a common heating unit and a cooling unit attached to the common heating unit. Each of the plurality of vertical kiln shafts are sized and configured to receive a source of material, which descends from an upper end thereof to a lower end thereof, and wherein each of the plurality of vertical kiln shafts has an inlet, which is sized and configured to receive a fuel source from a distribution device. The common heating unit is sized and configured to receive the source of material from the lower end of each of the plurality of vertical kiln shafts.

Abstract: The invention relates to equipment for heating gas in connection with continuous sintering in gas channels placed above a strand, the gas channels comprising at least a wall and at least two gas units, the gas coming from the gas units being in contact with the material on the strand, whereby at least one burner unit is arranged in at least one of the gas channels, being arranged as part of the gas channel, the burner unit comprising at least one separate combustion space arranged on the wall of the gas channel. The invention also relates to a method for heating the gas.

Abstract: A method of heat treating stainless steel in the form of blanks, piping, tubing, strip, or wire-like material, after rolling the material, and in a heat treatment furnace at a temperature higher than about 900° C. The material is subjected to a preheating stage and a final heating stage, wherein in the preheating stage flames from burners are directed toward the surface of the material to impinge on the surface. Burners situated in the preheating stage are supplied with a fuel that burns with the aid of an oxidizing gas that contains gaseous oxygen. The material is held in the preheating stage long enough to obtain at least some degree of oxidation on the surface of the material, and the material is heated further in a following, final heating stage by burners situated in a furnace and that are supplied with a fuel and an oxidizing gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modular oven for food products, the oven including a conveyor device for entraining the products from an inlet to an outlet of the oven, and comprising in cascade at least two, and preferably three, individual modules, each individual module presenting: a ceiling of adjustable height that presents first air and/or steam injection means for generating forced convection; a floor of adjustable height that presents second air and/or steam injection means for generating forced convection; floor burners for baking by convection, which burners are disposed between the floor and the conveyor device and are adjustable vertical position; and ceiling burners for baking by radiation, which burners are disposed between the conveyor device and the ceiling, and are adjustable in vertical position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for delubrification of parts. The method comprising the steps of moving the parts on the belt into a chamber of the furnace, heating the parts, igniting the unused combustible atmosphere above the parts, and allowing the atmosphere above the parts to escape through a vent in the chamber. The parts are heated uniformly by a heat source beneath the belt. The hot atmosphere is forced up through at least one plenum by blowers. The unused combustible atmosphere in the chamber above the parts on the belt is ignited using a burner and vented through the vent in the chamber.

Abstract: A furnace apparatus and method for increasing the productivity and/or quality of reheated products by improving the temperature profile of a furnace for reheating products.

Abstract: Gas and/or air distribution systems and methods for distributing thermally and/or otherwise treated gas in a food processor by moving at least one food item over a predetermined travel path in a food processor having a food travel path comprising a moving floor and upwardly extending first and second sidewalls located on opposing sides thereof, the travel path having a corresponding first and second side portions.

Abstract: An apparatus for sequential processing of a workpiece comprises an assembly line processing system. The apparatus comprises multiple workpieces moving in an assembly line fashion under multiple process stations. The multiple process stations provide different processes onto the workpieces for a sequential processing of the workpieces. The sequential processing action is carried out by the movement of the workpieces under the various process stations.

Abstract: Mass production food processing methods, systems, and apparatus with increased capacity over conventional design are configured to direct food to travel serially over side-by-side travel paths so as to travel a plurality of revolutions about a tier or level in a vertically stacked food processing unit before moving to the next tier.

Abstract: Primary fuel and preheated oxidant are injected into a combustion zone to produce a flame with a predetermined adiabatic flame temperature. The preheated oxidant is injected at a target rate of oxidant injection. The primary fuel is injected at a first reduced rate which is less than a corresponding target rate of fuel injection. Secondary fuel is simultaneously injected into the combustion zone separately from the flame at a second reduced rate which is equal to the difference between the first reduced rate and the target rate of fuel injection. In this manner, combustion of the fuel with the preheated oxidant provides the amount of heat expected from the target rates of injection, while maintaining an adiabatic flame temperature that is lower than it might otherwise be if the target rate of fuel injection were provided entirely at the flame. The lower adiabatic flame temperature provides a correspondingly lower rate of NOx production.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and installation for the treatment of a solid. The process includes passing the solid along a kiln having a hollow interior, while supporting the solid on supports moved successively along the kiln and heating the solid, by radiant heat, to a temperature at which it undergoes an endothermic chemical reaction. The installation includes a kiln having a hollow interior with an inlet end and an outlet end, a roof, a floor and a pair of opposed side walls, and a path for supports loaded with the solid to pass successively along in the interior, from the inlet end to the outlet end, the path extending along the floor. The installation includes heating surfaces for radiating heat towards the solid on supports passing along the path, and a plurality of supports, movable in succession along the path.

Abstract: An oven compartment in an oven for subjecting items to a selected heating sequence having a compartment container with a transport opening therein to permit selectively entering such items adjacent to first plenum structure at a perforated surface to allow providing heating fluid thereon. The first plenum structure has a material mass and a specific heat such that a rate of change of temperature of that structure exceeds one degree Centigrade per second for a selected maximum temperature differential between heating fluid and any entered items positioned adjacent to the perforated surface at selected heating fluid pressures at that perforated surface. A method for heating such items with a heating fluid previously heated by a heater, to an extent determined by operating a heater control, directed onto such items is based on obtaining a control representation of a selected set of values for the heater control versus time based on a heating specification for a selected kind of item to be heated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oven for sealing a panel to a funnel, thus forming an envelope suitable for use in a display tube, comprising a tunnel structure 9 and at least one mount for conveying an assembly of a panel and a funnel through the tunnel structure 9. The tunnel structure 9 is provided with a longitudinal slot 16A and the components of the mount for guiding the mount along and through the tunnel structure 9 are placed outside the tunnel structure. It is preferred that the components comprise a means, such as a pump or compressor 24, for flushing the interior of the assembly 22 with a fluid obtained from a source which is substantially separated from the gas(es) circulating in the oven 1, e.g. from the surroundings of the oven 1.

Abstract: A processing apparatus capable of separating and recovering resins and metals, respectively, from an object being processed, which has resins and metals as its constituent, comprises a first gastight area (102), in which temperature and pressure are regulated so as to permit selective thermal decomposition of resins from the object (150) being processed, a second gastight area (103), which is partitioned from the first gastight area by an openable and closeable partition (105C) and in which temperature and pressure are regulated so as to permit selective vaporization of metals from the object, first recovering chamber (111) connected to the first gastight area for recovering gases produced by thermal decomposition of resins, and second recovering chamber (115) connected to the second gastight area for recovering vaporized metals.

Abstract: A method for controlling NOx in a multi-zone re-heating furnace used for meeting process heating (or re-heating) requirements in the metals industry. Oxidant-fuel stoichiometry is altered in different zones of a multi-zone re-heating furnace to reduce the overall NOx emission without replacing existing burners or intrusively modifying the furnace (or drilling holes in the furnace) for fuel and/or an oxidant injection. The oxidant-fuel stoichiometry in at least one zone of a multi-zone re-heating furnace is made either oxidant neutral or oxidant deficient (or fuel rich) to reduce the formation of NOx and the oxidant-fuel stoichiometry of at least one other zone that is located downstream of the oxidant neutral or oxidant deficient zone is made oxidant rich (or fuel lean) to further reduce the formation of NOx in the furnace.

Abstract: A method for making a furnace for heating a glass sheet by lower electric resistance elements (50) supported by a furnace housing (12) below a roll conveyor (40) and by supplying a gas burner heated hot gas flow from a forced convection heater (56) that provides a dominant mode of external heat for heating the conveyed glass sheet from above. The furnace is manufactured by retrofitting an electric resistance heater type glass sheet furnace that initially has both lower and upper electric resistance elements (50) located below and above the roller conveyor (40). The lower electric resistance elements (50) are maintained while the upper electric resistance elements (50) are replaced with a gas burner forced convection heater (56).

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for curing coatings on ophthalmic lenses is disclosed. The apparatus includes an oven that is continuously supplied with lenses. A vertically oriented conveyor having multiple carrier bars for supporting the lenses is positioned within the oven. The conveyor moves the lenses through a series of positions within the oven where the lenses are subjected to heat. Ambient air is filtered and forced into the oven by an intake blower which keeps the air pressure within the oven above the ambient air pressure. Air is recirculated and filtered within the oven by recirculation blowers. Air is exhausted from the oven by an exhaust blower which effects air exchange with the ambient.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method and an equipment for pyrolytic treatment of organic material comprising a supply storage receiving the organic material to be treated, a number of containers with meshlike walls, each to be charged with a batch of said organic material, a horizontal reactor with a charge gate in one end and a discharge gate in the opposite end, the interior of the reactor being divided by means of internal gates into at least a heating chamber, a pyrolysis chamber, and a cooling chamber, as well as a recovery storage for a solid pyrolytic residue of the organic material, i.e. the pyrolytic coke, the pyrolysis chamber being provided with an outlet pipe for generated pyrolytic gas terminating in a fractionating condenser, said condenser being provided with an outlet for each liquid fraction and an outlet pipe for uncondensed pure pyrolytic gas, which outlet pipe terminates in a gas tank.

Abstract: A forced convective track oven comprises a track conveyor including first and second circular spirals, the first circular spiral for conveying bakery trays and dough products upwardly and the second circular spiral portion for conveying bakery trays and dough products downwardly, thereby minimizing the number of changes of direction of the bakery trays as they travel along the track conveyor. A plurality of burners discharge heated air through discharge tubes and discharge nozzles into engagement with bakery trays carried by the track conveyor. First and second oval spirals may be used in lieu of the circular spirals when the track oven is used in a reduced ceiling height environment.

Abstract: A method and furnace for heating a glass sheet by lower electric resistance elements (50) supported by a furnace housing (12) below a roll conveyor (40) and by supplying a gas burner heated hot gas flow from a forced convection heater (56) that provides a dominant mode of external heat for heating the conveyed glass sheet from above. The furnace can also be manufactured by retrofitting an electric resistance heater type glass sheet furnace.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln for firing ceramic honeycomb structural body comprising a vestibule region, a carbonaceous material release region located downstream of the vestibule region and a sintering region located downstream of the carbonaceous material release region and having a multiplicity of kiln cars adapted to convey materials to be fired through the kiln. A gas distribution system is provided which includes a series of conduits each which operatively communicates with an injection site which operatively communicates with the interior of the release region for introducing a gas into the carbonaceous release region. The injection sites include a combustion burner located site, a vestibule located site, an undercar located site, a rooftop located site, and a sidewall located site or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An oven for baking food products includes a spiral conveyor having a wire mesh conveyor belt for transporting food products from a loading bin to a storage bin. The spiral conveyor is surrounded by a threaded cylindrical housing having apertures which communicate with the loading bin, heat source, plenum, and recirculation fan. Heated air is blown into the threaded housing such that a downward spiral or vortex of air is created which envelops the food products upon the spiral conveyor belt for efficient baking. The housing is partially removable for cleaning or maintenance of the conveyor. Heated air within the housing is drawn about the food products as it is suctioned into a recirculation tube for distribution to the storage bin and to the plenum for recirculation through the housing. In addition, the loading bin is mounted upon a vibration device such that food products are evenly distributed upon entry to the spiral conveyor.

Abstract: A processing apparatus, conveyor and method for processing products or materials, such as food processing equipment or methods, is configured such that the conveyor travels in a generally helical path within a processing chamber to expose products on the conveyor to a gaseous processing media such as heated or cooled air. The conveyor includes gas flow compensation including a plurality of gas flow compensation members which partially block a portion of the surface of the conveyor, preferably toward the exterior of the conveyor in the helical path, to deflect or direct more of the gaseous food processing media away from the less densely distributed products or materials at the exterior of the conveyor caused when the conveyor follows the helical path. The processing media is thus preferably forced in the direction of the more densely distributed products toward the interior of conveyor to uniformly expose product on the conveyor to the processing media.

Abstract: A forced convection heating apparatus and process for heating glass sheets therewithin. The apparatus includes at least one gas burner for producing hot combustion gases which is to be distributed toward and into contact with the top and/or bottom surfaces of a glass sheet within the apparatus housing. The velocity of the distributed hot combustion gases which eventually impinges upon the top surface of the glass sheet is controllable independently of the impingement velocity of the hot combustion gases being distributed, and, in turn, directed toward and into contact with the bottom surface of the glass sheet.

Abstract: A forced convection heating apparatus and process for heating glass sheets therewithin. The apparatus includes at least one gas burner for producing hot combustion gases to be distributed toward and into contact with the top and/or bottom surfaces of a glass sheet within the apparatus housing. The temperature of the hot combustion gases which is distributed to the top surface of the glass sheet is adjustable independently of the temperature of the hot combustion gases being distributed to the bottom surface of the glass sheet to, in turn, enable independent control of convection heat transfer to both surfaces of the glass sheet.

Abstract: In a tunnel kiln for the firing of ceramic products in a tunnel kiln having a preheating zone, a firing zone and a cooling zone, pulse-modulated gas flows from a ventilation unit in the cooling zone to a suction unit in the preheating zone. As a result, the convection heat transmission to the firing ware is increased, particularly in the preheating zone and the cooling zone, thus achieving a more even heat transmission over the entire length of the kiln.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a smoke and heat source recycling device for a tunnel kiln in order to prevent smoke pollution. It has an exhaust fan in the preheating zone, the exhaust fan absorbing heat from the preheating zone and delivering such heat to a heat energy adjustment zone and waste gas treatment system for treating pollutants such as coal dust. Heat in the dry zone is delivered into the exhaust duct through an exhaust collector. A and pollution controller detects the pollution and enters signal into an electronic control to control gates for exhaust gas to enter either a gas treatment system or to be emitted into the air through the chimney.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that comprises a self-stacking spiral conveyor that traverses through a circulating atmosphere. The atmosphere is manipulated by one or more chambers having an open side adjacent to the perforated sides of the spiral conveyor. Additional control over the circulating atmosphere may be achieved by injection or ejection of gas into one or more chambers.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that comprises a self-stacking spiral conveyor that traverses through a circulating atmosphere. The atmosphere is manipulated by one or more chambers having an open side adjacent to the perforated sides of the spiral conveyor. Additional control over the circulating atmosphere may be achieved by injection or ejection of gas into one or more chambers.

Abstract: An oven with a box-like housing for efficient use of plant floor space encases a spiral food product carrying conveyor. A process vapor is circulated within the housing by "plug fans" with the inlet drawing vapor from the central axial zone of the spiral conveyor and exhausting into plenums along the periphery of the conveyor. The plenums have nozzles oriented to project the process vapor laterally towards the conveyor.

Abstract: A plant for treating baked goods having a baking oven, two fermentation compartments and a cooling tower which constitute a treating compartment for the goods to be treated. Support members carrying the baking goods are fed to the treating compartments by a horizontal conveyor which extends below all of the treating compartments and protrudes on both sides beyond the outermost treating compartment and constitutes stations for charging or, respectively, taking off of the dough pieces. In each treating compartment the support members are guided in a pile upwardly and in a further pile downwardly. The single treating compartments or, respectively , their housings are very close to each other to keep space requirements of the plant to a minimum.

Abstract: A bakery oven of the type employing a continuous conveyor therein for carrying goods to be baked through an oven enclosure includes an air distribution system adapted to direct heated air from near the top wall of the oven enclosure to the bottom and sides thereof. The air distribution means includes a fan mounted on the top wall of the oven which includes at least one fan blade located within the oven enclosure, a fan shaft secured to the fan blade and extending through the enclosure top. The fan shaft is mounted on the top of the oven for rotation and is driven by a separate motor also mounted on the top of the enclosure in spaced relation to the shaft. A drive belt is provided to transmit rotary power from the motor to the shaft. As a result, the shaft is fully exposed for air cooling and heat from the interior of the oven is not transmitted to the motor.

Abstract: A system for under-cart cooling of furnace carts in tunnel furnaces comprises a plurality of closed cooling air channels which fill the under-cart channel to the largest possible extent and are only slightly spaced from the undersides of the tent and are only slightly spaced from the undersides of the furnace carts. The cooling air channels which are streamed through by cooling air provide for sufficient cooling of the furnace carts, while simultaneously an exchange of cooling air from the under-cart channel and of hot air from the burning channel can be avoided in a simple manner so that there is no need for additional sealing arrangements.

Abstract: An oven (20) includes an oven enclosure (24) having a conveyor (40) mounted therein for transporting food products through the oven. A plurality of ribbon burners (100) are mounted within the oven interior (32) adjacent the path of the conveyor to heat the interior of the oven. Heated gases generated by operation of the ribbon burners are received through inlet plenums (140) under operation of a circulation fan (146) and are discharged through discharge tubes (154) extending adjacent portions of the conveyor (40) remote from the locations of the ribbon burners (100). Exhaust gases are removed from the oven interior through discharge ports (180) by exhaust blower assemblies (184) which are operated to remove exhaust gases from the oven interior at a rate proportional to the flow rate of combustion air and gaseous fuel into the ribbon burners.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement of high thrust burners with control systems for a heating furnace which heat metal or similar product, in order to erase developing cold skid marks. The location of these burners is specified, transversely and longitudinally as well as their position with the product face. This invention considers the flow of gases inside of the furnace and the necessary burner characteristic required for the application of these burners to the developing skid marks and the reasons for the specifications. The burners are required to be such that the maximum available heat in the flame is applied at the spot required in order to heat those spots at a faster rate than the cooling effect of the water cooled parts, which are the initial causes of the cold spots. Moreover, it is specified as to the control systems and to the part in which they play in the operation of the skid mark erasure burners.

Abstract: An improved practice for the vacuum brazing of aluminum alloy workpieces in a multi-chamber braze furnace is disclosed. When magnesium-containing aluminum alloys are brazed in a furnace having a braze chamber and adjacent exit chamber, there may be advantage in providing thermal barriers between a load of hot brazed workpieces and the furnace walls of the exit chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tunnel kiln for fine ceramic products comprizing a heating section, a firing section, and a cooling section, where by means of gas conveying means (10) gases are taken in from the region of said cooling section (140, 176, 182) and are conveyed to said firing section (41, 78, 80, 126, 128), whereby at least one additional burner (132) is arranged in a transition region (130) between said firing section (128) and said cooling section (140).

Abstract: A conveyance channel (76) connects an inlet valve (74) to a free outlet (82) whereby the conveyance channel (76) first passes through a sterilization zone (78) and then through a cooling zone (80). Within the cooling zone (80), the conveyance conduit contains resistor areas (94, 96). This makes it possible to reduce the conveyance pressure in the conveyance channel (76) against the outlet (82) to such an extent that packings sterilized in the conveyance channel (76) are able to exit the outlet (82) virtually pressureless.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln for firing ceramic shaped bodies including a preheating zone, a firing zone and a cooling zone. Arranged in the preheating zone is a recovery circuit composed of a decomposition product receiving part and a discharge port for discharging the recovered decomposition product.