Abstract: A manure removal and drying system is used in an agricultural setting. The system includes a static pressure control system for regulating an amount of static pressure in a high pressure area of the agricultural setting, a variable speed loading system for varying a speed of operation of the system based on an amount of manure being removed and dried in the agricultural setting, a moisture sensing control system for detecting moisture from the manure in order to activate or deactivate the system, a selective capacity control system for selectively scaling a distance the manure in the agricultural setting is moved, and a friction reduction system for reducing the buildup of friction within the system caused by the movement of belts.

Abstract: A Rotary thermal processor for particulate materials has a rotating drum and a rotating hollow auger. A stationary cylindrical oven with stationary coils surrounds the rotating drum. Hot gas heats a first part of the oven, coil and drum. A rotating hollow auger is heated with hot fluid from the coils. Oven exhaust sweeps evaporated and volatized components of the treated materials to separators and a thermal oxidizer. Cleaned gas from the thermal oxidizer heats a second part of the oven coil and drum and exits a stack. The rotating drum and auger lifts and turns the treated material as it is advanced by the auger.

Abstract: Thermal processing of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), having up to approximately 8% or more moisture content, dries and preheats the material to enhance efficient recycling in a hot mix asphalt plant. A combustor and heat exchanger reheat circulating hot oil, which with hot gas, moves through a hollow auger and around the RAP counter to the flow of RAP. Moisture is forced outward from within the particles and is flashed away by the hot exhaust gas. A similar secondary heater heats the RAP to just below asphalt coking temperature before the hot dry RAP is added as an aggregate to the hot mix asphalt plant.

Abstract: A milled materials processor consists of a self contained, stationary or fully mobile thermal process plant for the thermal processing of 100% recycled asphalt pavement into new hot mix paving material. Mobile units are designed for transportation by vehicle to a job site and rapid arrangement. For example, the milled materials processing unit at the standard legal load or non-permit load size and configuration processes approximately 25 tons per hour of pre-sized recycled asphalt pavement materials, approximately 50,000 lbs gross, having up to 3% moisture content. Larger unit sizes are available in transportable configurations of 10? wide×54? long, and 12? wide×62? long. Alternatively, units are designed and erected as stationary modular systems for higher tonnage capacities from approximately 200 tons per hour to approximately 400 tons per hour and higher.

Abstract: An apparatus for preheating particulate material in which the particulate material is transferred from one or more upper storage bins to a circular lower chamber that has an outer, essentially annular, portion which serves as a gas flow passage. The particulate material is directed from the feed bin or bins into a plurality of essentially vertical cylindrical feed cassettes via intermediate feed ducts. The lower chamber has a flat roof which is in contact with the bottom portion of the vertical feed cassettes. The vertical feed cassettes are approximately evenly spaced on top of the outer perimeter of the flat roof. The particulate material is preheated in the annular flow passage by hot kiln gases flowing in countercurrent heat exchange relationship with the particulate material.

Abstract: The invention comprises, in one form thereof, a continuous processing apparatus for high temperature thermal treatment of granular materials. The apparatus includes a vertical conveyor means with an internal feed mechanism for transporting granular feedstock upward, an external export means for taking reacted product downward wherein said internal feed heats said granular feedstock by absorbing heat from the product flowing downward through said export means, and a heating means disposed around a top portion of said vertical conveyor means and said external export means.

Abstract: A method for discharging a reduced product produced on a movable hearth of a movable-hearth furnace uses a discharging device. The discharging device includes a removal unit for removing the reduced product from the movable hearth, a separation unit for separating the reduced product from a solid reductant, a leaving-returning unit for either leaving substances other than the reduced product on a solid reductant layer or returning the substances onto the solid reductant layer, and a discharge unit for discharging the reduced product to the outside of the movable-hearth furnace.

Abstract: A multiple hearth furnace includes an upright cylindrical furnace housing divided into a plurality of vertically aligned hearth chambers. A cleaning lance inlet port is sealingly connected to the cylindrical furnace housing and radially leads into one of the hearth chambers. A cleaning lance assembly is provided and includes an elongated mount arranged outside the furnace housing and the cleaning lance is slidably mounted on the elongated mount. The cleaning lance includes a cleaning nozzle and can be sealingly introduced through the lance inlet port along a radial trajectory into the hearth chamber by moving it along the elongated mount. The cleaning nozzle is arranged on the cleaning lance, so as to be capable of directing a jet of cleaning fluid onto a rabble arm that is positioned in a cleaning position in the vicinity of the radial trajectory when the cleaning lance is slidably moved along the elongate mount.

Abstract: To provide an operating method of a rotary hearth furnace for producing reduced iron in which a stuck substance stuck on the hearth surface is removed from the hearth surface to thereby prevent or reduce the wear of the knife edge of a screw of a discharge device, enabling continuous operation for a long period and capable of achieving high availability factor. The hearth surface is quenched by spraying or the like to generate cracks in the stuck substance on the hearth, and the stuck substance is scraped to thereby remove it from the hearth.

Abstract: In a rotary hearth furnace for producing reduced metal through heating and reducing carbon containing materials composed of at least metal oxide-containing material and carbon-containing reduction material, a hearth structure is provided by which a refractory in a hearth lateral end is not damaged and carbon containing materials do not fall down to a water sealing section of the rotary hearth furnace.

Abstract: An improved rotary hearth furnace having a cylindrical enclosure containing a radially moving belt for transporting pellets containing metal oxide and carbon is disclosed. One or more oxy-fuel burners preferably having a flat flame shape are positioned so as to provide a mixture of fuel and oxidant to the pellets countercurrent to the direction of the pellets. The oxy-fuel burners are operated so as to provide a pre-determined quantity of oxygen in addition to that necessary for combustion so that the additional oxygen oxidizes the carbon monoxide and hydrogen present in the hot combustion gases. Oxygen injectors may also be used to introduce additional oxygen into the furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to a charging device for creating superimposed layers of fine-grained bulk material on a rotating hearth (2). For each layer of bulk material to be charged, said charging device comprises a discharge hopper (22) having an outflow slot (36) and a discharge roller (42) positioned ahead of each outflow slot (26). Said outflow slot (36) and discharge roller (42) extend essentially at a right angle to the direction of rotation of the rotating hearth and the discharge roller (42) has a drive (44), the rotational frequency of which can be controlled.

Abstract: An improved rotary hearth furnace having a cylindrical enclosure containing a radially moving belt for transporting pellets containing metal oxide and carbon is disclosed. One or more oxy-fuel burners preferably having a flat flame shape are positioned so as to provide a mixture of fuel and oxidant to the pellets countercurrent to the direction of the pellets. The oxy-fuel burners are operated so as to provide a pre-determined quantity of oxygen in addition to that necessary for combustion so that the additional oxygen oxidizes the carbon monoxide and hydrogen present in the hot combustion gases. Oxygen injectors may also be used to introduce additional oxygen into the furnace.

Abstract: A discharge assembly for removing material from a hearth in a rotary hearth furnace including a discharge auger and a coolant spray. The discharge auger is positioned above the hearth of the rotary hearth furnace and includes a central shaft having at least one helical flight affixed to the exterior of the central shaft and the hood is disposed above the discharge auger. The coolant spray cools the discharge auger.

Abstract: A discharge assembly for removing material from a hearth in a rotary hearth furnace. The discharge assembly includes, in combination, a discharge auger and a fluid cooled hood. The discharge auger is positioned above the hearth of the rotary hearth furnace and includes a central shaft having at least one helical flight affixed to the exterior of the central shaft. The fluid cooled hood is disposed over the discharge auger to lower the temperature of the helical flights.

Abstract: A rotary furnace for the treatment of minerals, includes an annular chamber provided with a material feeder apparatus and discharge apparatus for the material, disposed adjacent one another in a certain sector of the chamber. A plurality of burners are arranged all along the annular chamber on the side walls and on the top wall thereof. The furnace further includes a conduit for extracting the discharge gases. The gases from a first zone of the chamber downstream of the feeder means and upstream of the gas extraction means, with respect to the direction of rotation of said hearth, are transferred into a second zone upstream of the material discharge means and downstream of the gas extraction means through forced conveying of the gases by suction at the first zone and by pressure delivery at the second zone. A flow regulator is used to regulate the forced conveying.

Abstract: A rotary hearth furnace includes a base having a plurality of first plenums, an upper chamber having a plurality of second plenums and a hearth rotatable between the base and the upper chamber and having a plurality of third plenums. The hearth is moveable between the base and the upper chamber so that two or more of the third plenums are positionable to receive gas exhausted by one of the first plenums and to discharge the received gas into one of the second plenums.

Abstract: A rotary hearth furnace has a mixing rabble arrangement that includes a first rabble disposed upstream a flow of material on the hearth and a second rabble disposed downstream a flow of material on the hearth. The first and second rabbles are disposed at an acute angle with respect to a center of rotation of the hearth in a manner so that a plane defined by a plow of the first rabble intersects a plane defined by a plow of the second rabble adjacent the leading edge or training edge of the plow of the second rabble. The rabbles cooperate to produce a counter-rolling action in the material as the material is advanced into contact with the rabbles by movement of the hearth relative to the rabbles.

Abstract: A storage device 23 for storing a raw material to be calcined is provided at a position above a kiln cover 1, and the storage device 23 is connected to a preheating space 22 in such a manner as to be capable of dropwise supplying the raw material into the preheating space 22 by means of a raw-material supplying pipe 26. An airtight supplying mechanism 24 for dropwise supplying the raw material in a state in which the influx of air from the outside is prevented is provided between the storage device 23 and the raw-material supplying pipe 26.

Abstract: A method and plant for burning sludge or filter cakes during the cement clinker manufacture where the cement is manufactured in known manner by the cement raw meal being preheated, calcined and burned into clinker with subsequent cooling of the clinker and where the sludge is dried and finely divided prior to burning. The drying heat is provided by feeding hot raw meal from either the preheater or a separating cyclone installed in connection with the calciner to the drier unit, which may be a drier crusher. Applicable types of sludge include sewage sludge, beaching earth, paper sludge, fibre rejects, combustible chemical residues, e.g. waste derived from the manufacture of nylons and pesticides, and drill sludge resulting from oil exploration.

Abstract: An incineration furnace for disposal of waste in which substantially complete burning of waste materials is obtained. A stirring member is rotatably supported in the interior of an incinerator housing, making up the main incineration furnace body. Air for accelerating burning of the waste material is forcibly fed from a blower through the stirring member. The stirring member is rotated and driven through the inside of the housing by a motor. Waste is agitated and mixed between movable tubes provided on the stirring member, and by first and second fixed blades disposed in the incinerator housing, thereby facilitating burning and incineration of the waste material.

Abstract: Two attachments are provided for an exercise apparatus of the type having a lever arm with an end pivotably connected to a base and a free end adapted to receive weights. A tower attachment provides a flexible tensile member connected at an end to the lever arm, with intermediate portions borne across elevated pulleys, and connectable at another end to various handles, by which a user can perform various pull-down and rowing exercises. A shoulder bar attachment has an elongated body connected at one end to the lever arm and having another end which accommodates the user's head and shoulders and which is provided with handles, allowing a user to perform various press and leg raise exercises.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving mass transfer in a multiple hearth furnace has a plurality of risers adjacent the furnace center shaft which are in fluid communication with a source of treatment fluid. The risers have radially extending branch pipes, each pipe having a plurality of downcomers corresponding to the rabbles on an adjacent rabble arm. The downcomers have outlets or nozzles at their distal ends and they are preferably located adjacent a rear face of the rabble, near a trailing edge. In operation, as the rabbles plough over the material on the furnace hearth, the downcomers inject a treatment fluid, such as steam or reducing gas, into the material at the point of stirring. This ensures full exposure of the material to the treatment fluid. A second embodiment places the outlets beneath the top surface of the material to be treated. A method for mass transfer on a rotary hearth furnace is also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating and conveying a granular material is disclosed, and which comprises an elongate trough, and a framework mounting a plurality of transverse blades mounted above the trough. The framework is moved along a closed path of travel so that the blades move through a forward stroke, a lifting stroke, a return stroke, and a downward stroke which returns the blades to their original position. Thus a granular material may be moved along the length of the trough in a series of sequential steps. Also, the blades are internally heated, and the bottom wall of the trough is also heated, to effect heating of the advancing granular material.

Abstract: A shrouded rabble includes a blade having an active face and a backface with a shroud extending from the backface along a lower edge of the blade. The rabble is suspended above a perforated hearth for urging charge materials on the hearth from one location to another in response to relative rotation between the hearth and the rabble. The action of the rabble on the charge materials causes breakdown of the charge materials and accumulation of fines on the perforated hearth. The shroud defines a shroud chamber behind the blade and screens charge materials from the shroud chamber to expose accumulated fines on the perforated hearth. The charge fines thus become fluidized in an upflowing heating gas and exit the shroud chamber through at least one opening in the shroud, facilitating the flow of heating gas through the perforated hearth and into the charge materials. The opening may simply comprise one end of the shroud being open, or it may include a plurality of holes in the shroud itself.

Abstract: A process for producing micropellets of lightweight aggregate having a substantially spheroidal configuration which includes continuously mixing ceramic clay and liquid in a high speed rotating pin mixer to encapsulate substantially all other non-volatile inorganic solid materials present in micropellets having a diameter not exceeding about six mesh. The spheroidal micropellets are then fired at a temperature of at least 2,000.degree. F. to oxidize all volatile organic compounds present. The lightweight aggregate of micropellets can advantageously be used to replace sand in a cement or concrete matrix, as a well as for numerous other uses.

Abstract: The kiln (1) for producing litharge has a thermally insulated tubular body (2) containing, throughout its length, a shaft (30) with paddles acting as an auger. The tubular body (2) is coaxial with an induction coil (11), which heats it. The raw material in powder form (i.e., the massicot) is charged at a first head (9) of the tubular body (2) and is moved forwards by the paddle shaft (30), until it reaches the second head (10), opposite to the first one (9). During the translation the material (massicot) is heated and is oxidated, being converted into litharge.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing feed materials using a multiple hearth furnace comprises the steps of introducing the feed materials to be oxidized on at least the uppermost hearth, introducing fuel/air mixtures in the uppermost hearth to dry and ignite the feed materials, introducing air on at least one hearth to support combustion of the feed materials, allowing the feed materials to move downwardly from hearth to hearth and thereafter to exit the bottom of the furnace, and causing the combustion products formed by oxidation of the fuel and feed materials to be drawn down through the furnace and exhausted from a lower hearth.

Abstract: An improved method and plasma torch incinerator or reactor in which the incinerator uses a rotating, materials-receiving drum or chamber for receiving the hot plasma of a plasma torch. By properly constructing the inner surface of the rotatable drum and by varying the speed of rotation of the drum, waste materials can be effectively spread out over the inner surface of the drum to form a relatively thin layer of waste materials which has a large surface area which can be more quickly heated to the desired high temperatures provided by the plasma torch. Moreover, the spreading out of the waste materials can cause them to be recirculated and mixed by periodically reducing the speed of rotation of the drum. The plasma of the plasma torch is not directed toward a stationary part of the drum.

Abstract: Disclosed is a furnace in which the inside of the furnace is enclosed by a furnace wall having an inner surface lined with a heat insulating material. Heaters for heating an inside of the upper furnace chamber to a predetermined temperature, and an upper turntable supported so as to be rotatable horizontally and arranged to mount works on an upper surface thereof are provided in the upper furnace chamber. Other heaters for heating the inside of a lower furnace chamber to a predetermined temperature, and a lower turntable supported so as to be rotatable horizontally independently of the upper turntable and arranged to mount works on an upper surface thereof are provided in the lower furnace chamber. Delivery of a work from/to the outside of the furnace to/from each of the upper and lower turntables is performed by insertion of a fork through an opening formed in a predetermined position of the furnace wall.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved method of calcining gypsum in which non-reactive hot gas is passed into contact with the gypsum from a source through a plurality of tubes extending downwardly into the gypsum. The invention also contemplates an improved apparatus which comprises a calcining kettle and a plurality of tubes connected to a common source of non-reactive hot gas and extending downwardly into the kettle and having openings in their lower regions to release the hot gas into the contents of the kettle. The invention provides a method and apparatus which produces gypsum plaster of improved quality and with less insoluble anhydrite.

Abstract: Expansion of granular or particulate material is effected by supplying such material, for instance slate chips, at a charging zone CZ of a kiln 10, to the upper surface of a rotating annular hearth 12 so as to lie thereon in a uniform layer up to about three chips in thickness. The hearth 12 is rotating in the direction of the arrow 96, and the chips face thereon just after a preheating zone PHZ. The chips are carried successively through a treatment zone TZ wherein they are subjected to heat from regenerative burner arrangements 68, 70 and 64, 66 beneath hood 44, to a discharge zone DZ whereat they are loosened by a reciprocating rake 80, 82 and are blown off the hearth 12 and into a receiver 88 by air jets from radially directed nozzles 78 supplied by way of a manifold 76. The kiln, and its manner of use, enables expansible material, such as slate chips, to be substantially fully expanded and thereby achieve a product, suitable for use as a lightweight aggregate, of minimum possible density.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conveying carbon black pellets to avoid breaking up the pellets and inhibit caking on the conveying means which may be a screw type conveyor that is sufficiently heated to inhibit caking of the carbon black. The conveying means is centerless ground to maintain uniform distances of relatively moving parts and the contact surfaces are electroless plated to further inhibit caking of the carbon black on the conveying means.

Abstract: The furnace has a hearth which rotates inside a stationary closed chamber and is supported therein on vertical cylindrical conduit which extends through the furnace floor and is supported by a single center bearing. The charge is deposited through the furnace roof on the rim of the hearth as it rotates and is moved toward the center of the hearth by rabbles. Externally generated hot gases are introduced into the furnace chamber below the hearth and rise through perforations in the hearth and up through the charge. Exhaust gases are withdrawn through the furnace roof. Treated charge drops from a center outlet on the hearth into the vertical cylindrical conduit which extends downwardly through the furnace floor to which it is also sealed.

Abstract: The furnace has a hearth which rotates inside a stationary closed chamber and is supported therein on circumferentially spaced rollers the shafts of which extend outside the furnace and are cantilevered in bearings. The shafts are sealed to the furnace wall by mechanical and pressurized gas sealing means. The charge is deposited through the furnace roof on the rim of the hearth as it rotates and is moved toward the center of the hearth by rabbles. Externally generated hot gases are introduced into the furnace chamber below the hearth and rise through perforations in the hearth and up through the charge. Exhaust gases are withdrawn through the furnace roof. Treated charge drops from a center outlet on the hearth into a soaking pit which extends downwardly through the furnace floor to which it is also sealed.

Abstract: Bulk materials containing volatile constituents are calcined in a two-stage process comprising a first heating stage at de-volatilizing temperature but below calcining temperature during which the material is turned over and mixed to accelerate its bulk heating rate without substantially accelerating local heating rate. The first heating stage is followed by a second heating stage at calcining temperature. A rotary hearth furnace adapted for the above process is divided into outer and inner connecting annular heating zones and has rabble means for turning over and mixing the charge in the outer zone and rabble means for transporting the charge through both zones.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for removing volatile and semi-volatile organic contaminants from natural soil containing moisture by sealing the soil in a stripping conveyor against contact with air and vapor stripping the contaminants at a temperature below the boiling temperatures of the contaminants.

Abstract: A multiple hearth furnace is constructed from a plurality of cylindrical heating chamber modules, connected in a vertical configuration. Each module contains a hollow hearth, which forms a floor in the chamber, the hearth having an open portion approximately centered in the chamber floor. A rotating central shaft is disposed vertically through open portions in the hearths and is provided with projections for distributing material to be heated across the hearths. Heating of the modules is accomplished by passing heated gases through the hollow hearths. Material to be heated is introduced into the uppermost module, is distributed across the hearth, and is discharged into successively lower modules, after which material exits the furnace. Gases which form during the heating can be removed separately from gases used to heat the furnace.

Abstract: Apparatus for drying and heating wet particulate materials comprises a furnace with stationary circular hearth and sidewalls and a rotating roof. The hearth is perforated to receive hot gases from a plenum chamber below it, which gases are drawn off from the hearth through conduit openings out of its sidewalls, the major portion of the gases are externally heated, and are returned to the hearth through the plenum chamber. A feed bin is positioned on the roof at its center and through a conveyor feeds charged material onto the hearth through an opening in the roof near its outside edge. Rabbles are mounted in the roof to move the charge toward the center of the hearth as the roof rotates. From the center of the hearth a soaking pit extending through the plenum chamber discharges the heated material.

Abstract: Bulk materials containing volatile constituents are calcined in a two-stage process comprising a first heating stage at de-volatilizing temperature but below calcining temperature during which the material is turned over and mixed to accelerate its bulk heating rate without substantially accelerating local heating rate. The first heating stage is followed by a second heating stage at calcining temperature. A rotary hearth furnace adapted for the above process is divided into outer and inner connecting annular heating zones and has rabble means for turning over and mixing the charge in the outer zone and rabble means for transporting the charge through both zones.

Abstract: A turntable furnace for heating particulate material and which is particularly suited for the industrial production of litharge. The particulate material is heated inside the furnace on a turntable hearth and distributed radially outwardly from the center of the hearth to a discharge opening by a pair of water cooled screw augers. The rotational speed of the turntable hearth and the screw augers may be independently controlled to vary the amount of mixing and blending of the particulate material and to vary the length of time the particulate material is subjected to heat.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooking-dehydration and sterilization-drying of organic wastes, comprises a chamber (1) heated by a double walled enclosure (2) that communicates with fire tubes (3), the enclosure (2) receiving hot gases from a firebox (4). The hot gases pass through conduits (5) to diffusion nozzles (6) immersed in the products (7) to be dried. Some of the combustion gases are recycled by a ventilator (8) via a conduit (9) and a cyclone (10) to the firebox (4). The ventilator (8) draws in fresh air through a preheating heat exchanger (11) that is heated by the combustion gases which are then vented.

Abstract: A system wherein the contaminated cuttings are fed into the system for eventual incineration. The principal apparatus of the system comprises a plurality, preferably three, of horizontally disposed cylindrical drying chambers mounted onto a skid for receiving contaminated cuttings into each separate chamber. There is provided on the first end of the chambers a receiving bin or hopper, wherein the cuttings are received from the shakers or the like into the bin, and dropped into an opening in the first end of the three chambers. Each chamber is provided with a separate variable motor controlled auger disposed substantially throughout the length of the chamber wherein rotation of the auger would move the cuttings along the length of the interior of the chamber. The second end of each chamber is provided with a lower exit chute for removal of the cuttings from the chamber as the auger has moved them into position. The cuttings would then be collected in a polyurethane bag or the like.

Abstract: A screw conveyer is provided with a heat insulating casing (16) and with a plurality of pipe burners (30) arranged between a perforated bottom plate (17) of the casing and a housing (13) which contains the screw conveyer and is used for drying waste products which the conveyer feeds to a furnace (27).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for drying organic and other waste materials such as industrial by products, agricultural and animal wastes, blood and manure. A round, flat bottom substantially closed pan with a double-wall bottom and side forming a jacket and having a paddle-type agitator receives the material to be dried. Heat is provided by a gas-fired incinerator which preheats air that is admitted to the pan and then drawn into and combusted in the incinerator together with gases and moisture evolved from the material being dried. The incinerator's combustion products are passed through the pan jacket to heat the material being dried and are then vented through a chimney.

Abstract: Cooling device for coal dust comprising a housing, a motor-driven conveyor system therein to transport the coal dust over coolable trays in the housing and conveyor-wheel arms of spiral curvature for moving the coal dust from one or more inlets to one or more outlets via a series of communicating passages in the trays over which the conveyor-wheel arms pass under actuation of a hydraulic motor mounted above the housing and driving a vertical shaft, to which the conveyor-wheel arms are attached, extending centrally downwardly through the housing.

Abstract: In a calciner of the type having a radiant heat source and a screw conveyor for advancing material to and through a calcining reaction chamber by means of mated, intermeshing, rotating conveyor screws, an improvement comprising scraper means attached to and rotating with the conveyor screws for preventing agglomeration of material in the conveyor and for absorbing heat and conducting the heat to the material and lifter means attached to and rotating with the conveyor screws for increasing exposure of the material to the radiant heat and for absorbing heat and conducting the heat to the material.

Abstract: Equipment for heating pulverulent products, including a relatively flat, vertically standing vessel for receiving the product, and a rotatable agitator whose axis of rotation is coincident with the longitudinal axis of the vessel. There are heating facilities in the bottom of the vessel. With these heating facilities, the bottom and side wall of the vessel are heated. The top of the vessel is insulated. The product is introduced into the vessel through the top and discharged in the region of the bottom of the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for efficiently incinerating waste material, particularly dewatered sludge, in a multiple hearth furnace by controlling the temperature of the individual hearths of the furnace within certain prescribed limits by modulating the amount of combustion air, and controlling the temperature of the afterburner or combustion hearths to within certain prescribed limits by splitting the feed sludge between the first two upper waste material handling hearths.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for removing volatile and semivolatile organic contaminants from natural soil containing moisture by sealing the soil in a stripping conveyor against contact with air and vapor stripping the contaminants at a temperature below the boiling temperatures of the contaminants.