Abstract: An apparatus (1) for cooling a bar (10) comprising: —an outer casing (3), —a passageway (2) defining a crossing direction (X) for the bar (10), —at least one drum (4) comprising a plurality of cooling lines (6) each having at least one respective through cavity (9) parallel to the crossing direction (X) and a respective cover (15) which can move between an open position and a closed position, the drum (4) being accommodated in the casing (3) and rotational about a rotation axis (Y) to move the cooling lines (6) between an operating position (11), in which the cavity (9) is aligned with the passageway (2), and at least one resting position (12), in which the cavity (9) is separated from the passageway (2), the casing (3) being shaped so as to touch and hold the respective cover (15) in the closed position when the cooling line (6) is in the resting position (12).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for heating a sheet-like material to a predetermined temperature profile along the length and across the width of the material. The sheet-like material is transported within a furnace relative to at least one burner holder above or below, or above and below, the material. Each burner holder includes a number of direct flame impingement burners located side-by-side in a row. The burners are directed toward the sheet-like material, and the individual burners in each burner holder are oriented and controlled so that heat output from the burners provides the predetermined temperature profile within the sheet-like material.

Abstract: A method for controlling a fuel supply to a plurality of burners of a burner group includes determining a temperature in the burner group as a control variable. The fuel supply to the burners of the burner group is specified in dependence on a control deviation of the temperature determined in the burner group to a specified setpoint temperature. The fuel supply is a common mean fuel supply that is specified for all of the burners of the burner group by a temperature master controller. The fuel supply is corrected for each of the burners or burner subgroups of the burner group. Each of the burners or the burner subgroups have a fuel supply slave controller. The fuel supply slave controllers use at least, one disturbance variable associated to the respective burner or the respective burner subgroup so as to perform the correcting.

Abstract: A plant for hot forming blanks includes at least one preheating device, and at least one main heating device arranged downstream from the at least one preheating device. The preheating device includes at least one pre-mixing burner which is selected from a hydrogen-oxygen burner, a fuel gas-oxygen burner and an acetylene burner. A related preheating device and method are also provided.

Abstract: A method for heating an elongated metal product includes heating at a first heating location with at least one burner the metal product, and conveying combustion products from the burner through at least one channel, isolated from the metal product, from the first heating location to at least a second heating location arranged along a conveyor path for the combustion products to impinge upon an opposite surface of the metal product when the metal product passes the second heating location. A device for heating the elongated metal product is also provided.

Abstract: A conveyor oven is provided. The oven housing has a substantially rectangular box frame, clad with a top wall and side walls downwardly depending from the top wall, and a bottom wall connecting the side walls, all defining an interior baking chamber. The baking chamber is heated by a heat source in excess of 700° F. An endless conveyor transports food items to be baked through the baking chamber. The oven has an intermediate panel ceiling assembly disposed within the baking chamber. The assembly has a plurality of ceiling panel holders mounted above the conveyor and spaced below the top wall, each ceiling panel holder substantially spanning the width of the baking chamber. At least one ceiling panel is held within each ceiling panel holder, which is exposed on both sides to the baking chamber for absorbing and distributing heat in the baking chamber.

Abstract: Hot products of combustion are provided beside an outer surface of a load to be heated, and are given a non-uniform temperature profile in a control direction extending across the outer surface of the load. The non-uniform temperature profile of the hot products of combustion is varied within a range that is predetermined relative to the distance that the outer surface of the load extends in the control direction, whereby the load can be given a predetermined temperature profile in the control direction.

Abstract: A tortilla oven comprises a housing which encloses upper, center, and lower conveyors. The lengths of the conveyors are individually monitored and adjusted. The interior of the housing is heated by a plurality of the individually regulated burners that extend through the conveyors. Ambient air is directed upwardly along the sides of the housing for temperature control.

Abstract: A continuous firing furnace of the present invention comprises: a muffle formed into a cylindrical shape so as to ensure a predetermined space; a plurality of heat generators placed at the peripheral direction from the muffle; and a heat insulating layer formed in a manner so as to enclose said muffle and said heat generators therein, said continuous firing furnace being configured such that a formed body to be fired, which is transported from an inlet side, passes through the inside of said muffle at a predetermined speed in an inert gas atmosphere and, then, is discharged from an outlet so that said formed body is fired, wherein said inert gas flows through: a space between said muffle and said heat insulating layer; and a space inside the muffle, in sequence.

Abstract: A method of controlling a furnace pressure for preventing air from intruding to a heating furnace, a method of stable operation during low combustion load of heat regenerating burners and a method of measuring concentration of an atmospheric gas in a heating furnace are proposed.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln useful for burning vertically perforated green bricks, includes a furnace chamber; a plurality of tubular burners for heating the furnace chamber, with the burners defined by longitudinal axes which extend essentially in a vertical direction; and a transport device for so transporting green bricks in raster-like spaced-apart relationship in a travel direction through the furnace chamber that the perforations of the green bricks are oriented in a common direction. Each of the burners has a nozzle body formed with orifices for combustion gases, with the orifices defined by longitudinal axes which extend substantially in a direction of the perforations, wherein the nozzle body is positioned within a spacing between confronting end faces of neighboring green bricks.

Abstract: A soil decontamination apparatus includes a pug mill with twin, side-by-side augers or shafts with paddles moving the soil along a treatment path. A roof over the pug mill includes burners directing flames toward the soil as it is moved through the device. The burners are preferably staggered from one side of the roof to the other and are directed at an angle into the mixing chamber. Conveyors carry the soil into the decontamination apparatus and away from it, and a screening device separates rocks and the like from the soil prior to treatment.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln useful for burning vertically perforated green bricks, includes a furnace chamber; a plurality of tubular burners for heating the furnace chamber, with the burners defined by longitudinal axes which extend essentially in a vertical direction; and a transport device for so transporting green bricks in raster-like spaced-apart relationship in a travel direction through the furnace chamber that the perforations of the green bricks are oriented in a common direction. Each of the burners has a nozzle body formed with orifices for combustion gases, with the orifices defined by longitudinal axes which extend substantially in a direction of the perforations, wherein the nozzle body is positioned within a spacing between confronting end faces of neighboring green bricks.

Abstract: A process controls oxy-boost firing and air-fuel burner firing in furnaces, including large glass furnaces such as float furnaces. The large side-fired regenerative float furnaces use oxy-boost firing for a variety of reasons, including production increase, improved glass quality, lowering of superstructure temperatures, and reduction of emissions. An adaptive controller receives input data from process parameter sensors throughout the furnace, and adjusts its control logic for controlling both the oxy-boost burners and the air-fuel port burners.

Abstract: A pyrolysis heater has the inlet sections of the process coils grouped together and the outlet sections of these same process coils also grouped together. High heat liberation hearth burners are located adjacent to the inlet sections of the coils and lower heat liberation burners are located adjacent to the outlet sections. The secondary fuel tips of the burners are inclined toward the adjacent heater wall. The high heat liberation hearth burners adjacent to the inlet coils are arranged in spaced apart pairs with the secondary burner tips of each of the pair being inclined toward the other burner of the pair.

Abstract: Combustion assembly adapted to be placed in a wall of a furnace including an axis having at least one pair of burners with axes, one oxidant lance arranged between the burners of the pair and having a lance axis and a source of oxidant connected to the burners and to the lance.

Abstract: A fluid-fuel burner of the type producing a flame with axial development, which includes a combustion tile, having a broad shape, provided with an oxidizer and fuel injection orifices. These are approximately parallel to the major axis of symmetry of the tile, the internal shape of the latter as well as the orientation of the fuel and oxidizer injection orifices being chosen so as to create a difference in the distribution of the combustion products and of the recycled flue gases. A spread out flame is produced which ensures homogeneous distribution of the heat flux.

Abstract: Combustion assembly adapted to be placed in a wall of a furnace including an axis having at least one pair of burners with axes, one oxidant lance arranged between the burners of the pair and having a lance axis and a source of oxidant connected to the burners and to the lance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for heating metal billets or other separate pieces of metal in a continuous furnace using two different burner systems. The primary burner system provides the majority of available heat at relatively high flame temperatures. The secondary high velocity burner system extrains how furnace products of combustion that impinge around on the load. Thus, heat transfer and temperature uniformity is improved by forcing hot gases between the metal pieces.

Abstract: A tunnel-type conveyor oven having two types of heat sources is provided. The oven includes a conveyor for carrying items through the oven along a conveyor path. The conveyor has first and second opposite sides. A plurality of radiant heaters are located transverse to and extend across the conveyor path. The radiant heaters are spaced apart in a direction of the conveyor path. Each radiant heater includes an inner tube having a wall with a plurality of openings defined therethrough, an open first end and a second end. A burner is directed into the open first end of the inner tube. An outer tube is located around the inner tube. The outer tube has an outer surface which is adapted to radiate heat, a first end and a second end. An exhaust outlet is located on the second end of the outer tube.

Abstract: A radiant heating system 30 comprising a tube 34 for radiating heat having a vacuum pump 40 coupled to an upstream end 35 for introducing negative pressure therein, a plurality of burner assemblies 32 mounted in series along a length thereof for igniting a combustible gas within the tube 34, and a metering element 90 for controlling the firing rate of the burner assemblies 32 under variable negative pressure conditions.

Abstract: A curing device for drying bonding material used for bonding, for example, chips to a lead frame for semiconductor devices including a workpiece heating chamber casing having heating blocks for heat-drying the bonding material and a gas supply chamber casing provided above the workpiece heating chamber casing so as to cover the heating chamber casing and to supply a high-temperature gas to the surfaces of the heating blocks, and the gas supply chamber casing is constructed so that it can be opened and closed with respect to the workpiece heating chamber casing, assuring easy access to the inside of the heating chamber casing for various works such as cleaning of the heating blocks, etc.

Abstract: A means for curing heat-curable paint on vehicle panels includes an elongate pipe defining an internal combustion chamber with a fuel burner at one end of the pipe and means for removing combustion products from the other end of the pipe. The pipe is clamped in a substantially horizontal position and has "bellows" means allow for thermal contraction and expansion. Two part-cylindrical baffles are supported at opposite sides of the pipe but spaced therefrom and from each other so as to define an upper elongate opening. Ignition means are provided to ignite fuel within the burner, to initiate combustion whereby the outer surface of the pipe emits radiant heat primarily through the upper elongate opening, while convective heat is transferred to air passing upwardly between the baffles and the pipe.

Abstract: A method for controlling temperature in a heating kiln is able to maintain the temperature uniformly at a set temperature of the kiln. Output of each burner provided in the kiln is controlled on the basis of temperatures at plural positions affected by plural burners to make the temperature in the kiln substantially equal to a set temperature of the kiln. Mean values of temperatures at the plural positions are calculated and the burners are controlled to bring the mean values into coincidence with the set temperature. Alternatively, contribution rates .alpha.1 and .alpha.2 are determined which correspond to the influence of one burner on the temperature of the thermocouple for the other burner. Handicap temperatures TH1 and TH2 are then calculated by substituting temperatures T1 and T2 of the one and the other burners in equations TH1=T1+(T2-T1) .alpha.1 and TH2=T2+(T1-T2) .alpha.2. The burners are then controlled to make the handicap temperatures coincide with the set temperature.

Abstract: A combined radiant and convection oven controls the rate at which heat is transferred to an object being dried within the oven by varying the flow rate of convection air delivered to the oven's heating chamber. The radiating surfaces within the oven are heated by a novel arrangement of longitudinally extending ducts, each duct associated independently with a different radiating surface.

Abstract: An improved convective heat transfer arrangement is disclosed achieving overall heat transfer efficiencies in the neighborhood of 30 Btu/(hr. ft.sup.2 .degree.F.). A heat transfer conduit including a heat transfer wall is axially divided into a plurality of axially extending heat transfer chambers by a plurality of transversely extending baffles. Each baffle is especially configured to have an axially extending recess formed therein through which extends an orifice opening. Heat transfer gas pumped through the conduit cascades through the heat transfer chambers forming and reforming nascent free standing jet streams through each baffle orifice which impinge the heat transfer wall to achieve very high heat transfer coefficients while efficiently utilizing the available heat in the heat transfer gas.

Abstract: A curing apparatus used in manufacturing semiconductor devices including high-temperature gas chamber and heating chamber communicated with slits formed in a partition plate installed between the two chambers. Gas diffusion plates are installed in the gas chamber at right angles against the flow of gas so that the diffused and uniform high-temperature gas passes through slits and blown onto workpieces placed directly beneath the slits.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement of high thrust burners with control systems for a heating furnace which heat metal or similar product, in order to erase developing cold skid marks. The location of these burners is specified, transversely and longitudinally as well as their position with the product face. This invention considers the flow of gases inside of the furnace and the necessary burner characteristic required for the application of these burners to the developing skid marks and the reasons for the specifications. The burners are required to be such that the maximum available heat in the flame is applied at the spot required in order to heat those spots at a faster rate than the cooling effect of the water cooled parts, which are the initial causes of the cold spots. Moreover, it is specified as to the control systems and to the part in which they play in the operation of the skid mark erasure burners.

Abstract: A burner unit is used for firing, for example, formed ceramic bodies in a firing furnace. The burner unit includes a burner tile assembly provided in a furnace wall and a burner connected to the burner tile assembly and provided out of the firing furnace. The burner is integrally provided with a connecting burner tile assembly having a tapered step. The burner tile assembly is also provided with a tapered step. The tapered steps of the connecting burner tile assembly and the burner tile assembly are connected through a sealing material to connect the burner to the burner tile assembly. With this arrangement, the burner unit reduces heat dissipation due to a burner construction and enables maintenance to be effected during operation of the burner.

Abstract: A burner includes a number of flame ports each having a fuel supply passage and provided on a pair of opposite walls of a combustion chamber such that each of the walls and the fuel supply passages define a cooling passage. In the burner, a wide stable flame region is achieved at a high excess air ratio, the amount of NOx produced is reduced and backfire is prevented by cooling the fuel supply passages. Furthermore, a flame area per unit area of each flame port is increased such that the burner can effect high-load combustion.

Abstract: A steel reheating furnace is characterized by a plurality of elongated, longitudinally extending, heating elements and associated skid rails, the skid rails having primary portions laterally offset with the portions supporting respective of laterally offset first and second areas on the bottom of slabs as they pass through the furnace. The heating elements direct their heat at the respective first areas when the slabs have their second areas supported by the rail portions, and vice versa, whereby to eliminate skid marks caused by the rail portions shielding the slab.

Abstract: An improved heat transfer arrangement for use in a unique multi-function, industrial heat treat furnace which employs a sealed, closed end, heat exchanger shell member containing the work. The heat transfer arrangement includes a totally contained, internal recirculation system which develops an especially configured annular jet stream that produces highly efficient, convective heat transfer with the shell member. After heat transfer between the entrained gases in the jet stream with the shell member has occurred, the jet flow is reversed at one end of the shell and impinged against the workpiece, the spent stream being reformed into the annular jet at the opposite end of the shell member.

Abstract: A fuel fired heat treating furnace having an imperforate inner shell for containing a work load in isolation. The shell is made of a refractory material which provides a good heat exchange from the outside to the inside. A multiplicity of hot gas streams is directed under pressure against the outside of the shell by means of a circulation system which includes a plenum, a fan within the plenum and a plurality of apertured distributor tubes extending from one end of the shell to the other. Fuel burners exhaust combustion gases into the system on the discharge side of the fan where the gases mix with returning gases from the intake side of the fan and are fed into the distributor tubes.

Abstract: A rethermalization oven for heating food is disclosed, characterized by uniform distribution of heat and air through a heating chamber. The oven includes a housing and partitions for defining an outer U-shaped air plenum, a rectangular heating chamber, and a burner chamber. The side panels of the partition contain a plurality of spaced horizontal slots and the rear panel of the partition contains a plurality of spaced openings and horizontal slots of progressively increasing thickness in the directions toward the top and bottom of the housing. A heating element is arranged in the burner chamber for heating the air arranged therein.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the surface characteristics of wax-based material such as a deodorant or anti-perspirant stick housed in a container is provided. The apparatus comprises a hollow walled housing having an inlet and outlet portion. A plurality of rows of horizontally mounted endless conveyors each comprised of a plurality of interconnected conveyor feet are mounted in the housing for moving containers therethrough in reciprocating fashion. A plurality of spaced separators are mounted between the rows and containers move sequentially through these rows from the inlet to the outlet of the housing. A duct system is connected with the housing for circulating air through the housing and creating a reduced pressure therein. A plurality of heating units arranged in sequence are mounted over the rows which units are capable of melting the wax-based material.

Abstract: A continuous heat treating furnace in which independent sectioned chambers are provided at least in part of a pre-heating/pre-cooling zone in the furnace body, with a cooler or heater being provided in suction ducts of the sectioned chambers so as to rapidly heat or cool the metallic strip through operation of dampers disposed in the suction ducts, thus making it possible to alter heat curves as required for heat treatment of various metallic strips.

Abstract: A solid stick composition, in a container, is moved through a protective tunnel wherein the stick is cooled to effect solidification, remelted to fill any void in the stick, cooled to solidify, and polished, by heating and cooling, with filtered air flowing through the tunnel to remove heat therefrom.

Abstract: A cooking oven utilizing in combination, convection, radiant, and pregnation heating. The apparatus includes a cooking compartment positioned between combustion chambers that provide spaced apart confronting heating surfaces which provide radiant heating, and forced circulating heating air passages, each of which have an inlet opening with a closed heated plenum chamber so as to forcibly discharge pregnating heat therethrough into the cooking compartment, with the heated air contained in the cooking chamber providing normal convection heating therein.

Abstract: A conveyor is driven in a helical endless fashion within a horizontally annular baking chamber while carrying products to be baked. The air within the chamber is heated by means of burners disposed beneath the conveyor and in non-parallel relationship thereto. Heated air is drawn through an air permeable cover across the top of the chamber and into an upper air space thereabove. The air is circulated from that upper air space to a lower air space located beneath the chamber. The air is then circulated into the chamber through an air permeable floor disposed across the bottom of the chamber. The permeability of the cover and floor varies in order to assure a uniform passage of heated air therethrough.

Abstract: Manufacturing of carbon bodies by heating blanks containing pyrolizable substances in a chamber over in which volatile pyrolysis products are formed and decomposed and thermal energy is generated by combustion of fluid fuels inside the chamber. Below a chamber temperature of 600.degree. C. the fuel is burned by supplying a stoichiometric amount of air, and above a chamber temperature of 600.degree. C. an additional quantity of air is blown into the chamber through nozzles.

Abstract: The improvement in a walking beam oil country tube reheat furnace comprises a first row of burners positioned in spaced relationship and transverse the furnace hearth with each of the burners containing a refractory housing positioned in the limited space between the walking beam pass line and the hearth of the furnace. The burner includes a burner body and a centrally disposed fuel tube so as to define an annular air chamber thereabout. The burner includes a 90.degree. bend so as to fire in parallel relationship to the pass line. The method of retrofitting a top fired walking beam furnace includes inserting at least one unitized bung of said spaced burners through the furnace floor and into the space between the pass line and floor and firing the burners in parallel relationship with the pass line.

Abstract: System for heating the broadwise-end portions of a metal plate in conveyance. The system includes a pair of heater blocks spaced apart from each other with the conveyance line for the material located therebetween. The heater blocks each have a space to receive one of the broadwise-end portions of the material. When the material is conveyed through the system, the broadwise-end portions of the material each are allowed to pass through the space of one of the heater blocks so that they are heated by burners of the heater blocks blowing hot combustion gases against the broadwise-end surfaces of the material.

Abstract: Heated waste gases are directed from the tunnel of a brick kiln into a dryer for effective drying of sawdust which is then fed from the dryer into a grinder which reduces the sawdust to finely divided wood fibers and then delivers the ground sawdust to a storage hopper. Apparatus is provided for directing an airstream from a source into and through each of a plurality of burner units positioned along the tunnel of the kiln and extending into the tunnel for generating the desired heat for treatment of the brick, and further, means are provided for feeding the dried ground sawdust from the storage hopper into the airstream in each of the burner units so that the airstream induces the flow of sawdust from the storage means into each of the burner units for the sawdust thus being utilized as the fuel for the burners.

Abstract: In a kiln for firing ceramic workpieces, which kiln is composed of two opposed side walls and a top wall enclosing an elongate kiln chamber, and elements for introducing jets of heating or cooling gases into the kiln chamber at locations spaced along the length of the kiln, the elements are located for directing the jets produced thereby vertically in the region of the side walls of the kiln, and deflector stones are disposed at a distance from the elements for deflecting the jets and gases within the chamber transversely of the length of the kiln.

Abstract: Disclosed is an installation for burning-out scrap metal goods for the purpose of reclaiming scrap metal, comprising at least one furnace wagon, which is capable of being loaded with the scrap metal goods to by burned out; at least one burning-out chamber into which the furnace wagon is movable for burning-out the scrap metal goods to produce scrap steel; means for heating the burning-out chamber to a temperature of at least about 600.degree. C.; at least one afterburning chamber communicating with the burning-out chamber for afterburning flue gases produced in the burning-out chamber at a temperature from about 1100.degree. to 1200.degree. C.; a waste gas purifying plant communicating with the afterburning chamber for eliminating the flue gas impurities and for the scrubbing of the flue-gases originating from the afterburning chamber; and at least one cooling chamber arranged adjacent to and in selective communication with the burning-out chamber for cooling the burned-out material.

Abstract: The present invention refers to improvements to an industrial oven for the calcining of lime stone, and more specifically to an oven whose combination of the means which form it makes it possible, through a horizontal process, to uniformly calcine rock or lime stone, transporting for such purpose the material to be calcined on a transporting element which glides over rollers which in turn rotate on their own axis resting on multiple points of support.

Abstract: A tunnel kiln for use in rebaking carbonaceous moldings impregnated with tar, pitch or the like, consisting of a preheating zone, a baking zone and a cooling zone, which comprises providing arch shafts in the kiln ceiling, providing a plurality of gas recirculating devices communicating with said arch shafts and heating gas blow-in holes of the lower portion of side wall in the preheating zone and the baking zone, and further providing, above the heating gas passages or combustion chambers mounted on a number of connected kiln cars, muffles consisting of receiving plate, bottom plate, holder, cover having in its upper surface a number of tar gas discharge openings, and seal, which muffles accommodating said moldings to be rebaked.

Abstract: Heating apparatus for a baking oven or the like wherein product to be heated or baked is conveyed through the oven, and a plurality of heating elements are arranged longitudinally along the path of product movement through the oven, the heating elements each comprising a conductive tube extending transversely across the path of product movement, a burner at one tube end for introducing a combustible mixture therein, and combustion products outlet means at the other tube end for discharge into the oven chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for curing bonded welding flux wherein the flux is passed along a series of vibrating inclined planes. Gas fired radiant heaters are positioned above the planes to heat the flux, with combustion gases and vapor driven off the flux passing upwardly between the radiant heaters and the flux covered planes.

Abstract: Apparatus for heat shrinking pre-oriented polyolefin plastic sleeves over the outer surface of a glass bottle. The bottles with sleeves in position thereon are gripped and suspended from rotatable chucks spaced along a movable conveyor means extending through an oven. The oven is constructed with a first zone of infrared burners directed at the mid body of the bottles and a succeeding second zone of infrared burners in upper and lower placement are directed at the neck and heel portions of the bottle, respectively. During travel past the burners, the bottles and sleeves are rotated at controlled speed to prevent collapse of the sleeve as it becomes heated. Opposite the burners is an exhaust section of the oven having plural sets of damper means, each set controlling air flow in plural vertically spaced horizontal rows of exhaust ports along the length of the oven. Air is drawn across the oven and over the conveyor chucks to aid directing heat on the sleeves and cool the chucks.