Abstract: A heating module for heating solid matter, such as balls, to a determined temperature. The module includes a heating pot including a crucible for receiving the matter to be heated, and a burner for heating the crucible and the matter to be heated; and a cover that is mounted in removable manner on the heating pot so as to close the crucible.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to rotate a sample about first and second axes in a heat chamber to obtain a desired homogeneous modification of properties of the sample and maintain a surface figure.

Abstract: Cracking of a crucible can cause heavy damage to the system in melting furnaces. A reliable monitoring of threatening breaking out of the melt is therefore needed. For this purpose a monitoring device for melting furnaces is provided to monitor the breaking out of melt and includes a closed circuit consisting of several conductor sections with at least a partially conducting surface and a measuring/displaying device. A first conductor section is series connected through an ohmic resistor R to a second conductor section. The first conductor section is arranged directly adjacent, however, electrically isolatingly spaced from and with respect to the second conductor section.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multilayer structured quartz glass crucible, for pulling up silicon single crystal, whose structure has at least three layers comprising: a translucent outer layer made of naturally occurring quartz glass and having a large number of pores, a translucent intermediate layer, made of synthetic quartz glass and having a large number of pores, and a transparent inner layer substantially free from pores and made of a synthetic quartz glass. Thermal convection within the silicon melt is suppressed by use of the quartz glass crucible, thereby preventing oscillation on the surface of the silicon melt. A method for producing the quartz glas crucible is also disclosed.

Abstract: A unibody, monolithic, one-piece negative draft crucible for a MBE effusion cell. The crucible maximizes capacity, uniformity and long term flux stability, and minimizes oval defects, depletion effects, and short term shutter-related flux transients. The invention also provides a method and mandrel apparatus for making a unibody containment structure, such as a crucible formed of PBN, having a negative draft, via chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A unibody, monolithic, one-piece negative draft crucible for an MBE effusion source. The crucible maximizes capacity, uniformity and long term flux stability, and minimizes oval defects, depletion effects, and short term shutter-related flux transients. The invention also includes an effusion source employing such a crucible, as well as a method and mandrel apparatus for making a unibody containment structure, such as a crucible formed of PBN, having a negative draft, via chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A unibody, monolithic, one-piece negative draft crucible for a MBE effusion cell. The crucible maximizes capacity, uniformity and long term flux stability, and minimizes oval defects, depletion effects, and short term shutter-related flux transients. The invention also provides a method and mandrel apparatus for making a unibody containment structure, such as a crucible formed of PBN, having a negative draft, via chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: An induction crucible furnace with a tiltable furnace body includes a crucible that is usually covered by an accessible furnace platform. The furnace platform is sonically uncoupled from the furnace body in an untilted normal position, in order to reduce sound intensity radiated by the furnace platform. Coupling elements, which effect a change of state between a very loose coupling or a complete uncoupling in the normal position and a close or rigid coupling in a tilted position of the furnace body, are provided between the furnace body and the furnace platform. The coupling elements can be spring elements, lug and bolt connections, lug and bolt and lug connections or lug and locking bolt connections.

Abstract: An induction furnace (1) for melting and casting purposes has a closed crucible pot (2) with a pot bottom (3) and a cover (4), a crucible (6) housed in the crucible pot and surrounded by an induction coil (7), and an ascending tube (9) reaching into the crucible, through which the crucible can be emptied into a casting apparatus by means of gas pressure. To permit continuous operation and measurements and analyses during operation, the ascending tube (9) is fastened exclusively to the pot bottom (3) and connected with a horizontal delivery tube (11) which is brought through a side wall of the pot bottom (3). Furthermore, above a separation seam (24) between pot bottom (3) and cover (4) a turret (39) with a vertical axis of rotation is disposed, which has a charging air lock (26) for charging the crucible (6) with melt material (27) and a measuring chamber (36). The charging air lock and measuring chamber can be connected alternately with an air lock valve (25) which is disposed on the top of the cover (4).

Abstract: A cooking vessel includes a kettle partially surrounded by a vapour jacket. An evaporator for containing fluid is mounted to the kettle and includes a tubular portion and is in fluid communication with the jacket to act as a vapour source for the jacket and to receive condensed fluid from the jacket. A burner is mounted to the kettle and located within the tubular portion of the evaporator.

Abstract: A method for removing magnesium and calcium from sodium sulfate solutions to render the solutions suitable for membrane processing, which comprises adjusting the pH of the solutions to about 11 to 13 with sodium hydroxide to form a precipitate containing the bulk of the magnesium and the calcium, removing the precipitate from the resulting partially purified sodium sulfate solution, and contacting the partially purified sodium sulfate solution with a polystyrene divinyl benzene copolymer chelating cation exchange resin having an aminophosphonic functional group and having sodium as the exchangeable cation, to remove essentially all of the magnesium and the calcium from the partially purified sodium sulfate solution.

Abstract: Oven for charring plant matter, downdraft intermittent operation type, without external energy source. The invention relates essentially to the arrangement of the hearth located at the bottom of the oven, which provides the mechanical stability of the whole, the distribution of fresh air by means of a device permitting the circulation of air on the inside, as well as the precise control of its admission and airtight sealing at the end of the cycle; the collection of gases and pyroligneous liquors by means of an annular collector terminating in a single flue. The pyroligneous liquors are collected at the bottom of the flue. A condenser maybe installed to recover tars or to provide complete processing of the gases. Removal of the charcoal by gravity through a central opening, the cover of which contains the closable lighting aperture.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a sample is disclosed which has a tilting mechanism (12, 14, 22). The tilting mechanism has a crucible holder (70) releasably coupled thereto and a crucible (100), which is provided with a flange (102), is insertable into the crucible (70) so that the crucible can be tilted by the tilting mechanism. A dish (46) is supported by a support (44) so that the tilting mechanism can tilt the crucible (100) to pour the contents of the crucible into the dish (46). Burners (48 and 50) are provided for heating the contents of the crucible (100) and dish (46).

Abstract: A crucible/susceptor system is described in which the walls of the crucible and the susceptor cavity are sloped outward in an angle sufficient for the force of gravity to exceed the inward pulling forces created by the high surface tension of molten silicon allowing the softened quartz crucible walls to settle into and form to the sloped walls of the susceptor thereby improving heat transfer from the susceptor to the molten silicon and improving the reproducibility of the system.

Abstract: A preheating mechanism for preheating a source metal for melt includes a combination of independent combustion and preheating devices. The mechanism also includes a high-temperature gas conduit for connecting the combustion device and the preheating device, a low-temperature gas conduit for connecting the preheating device and an exhaust gas chimney, a branch pipe branched from the low-temperature gas conduit and connected to the high-temperature gas conduit, and a short-cut gas conduit for connecting a conduit portion at a combustion device side from a coupling portion between the high-temperature gas conduit and the branch pipe to a conduit portion at an exhaust gas chimney side from a branch portion between the low-temperature gas conduit and the branch pipe. A diluting mechanism is arranged in the short-cut gas conduit. A valve with a variable motor is arranged in the branch pipe.

Abstract: In a tiltable metallurgical furnace vessel having a completely closed lateral protrusion with a closable discharge opening on its underside, simplified furnace structure is achieved by configuring the protrusion as a removable, heatable fore-hearth that is constructed in the form of a casting spout. A particularly simple structure results due to the fact that the fore-hearth is flanged to the main furnace vessel and essentially has a box shape. The invention is particularly useful for electric arc furnaces.

Abstract: In a method of intermittently charging a molten principal raw material and any supplementary material as needed to provide a specified raw material formulation into a melting furnace and continuously discharging a molten material therefrom, the discharge of the molten material is effected by determining the weight of the tiltable melting furnace, said weight changing with change of the raw materials and discharging of the molten material, computing the rate of change in weight of the molten material with respect to time from the determined weights of said furnace, and tilting said furnace to a position indicated by comparison of said computed rate of change in weight of the molten material with respect to time and the set rate of change in weight of the molten material with respect to time.

Abstract: A highly compact and efficient tilting crucible furnace and smelting method is disclosed for use in the direct smelting of a precious metal containing material. A furnace body having a refractory lined cavity which has a top opening is pivotally mounted on a support frame to allow tipping thereof. A cover having a first opening to receive a gas burner and a second multi-purpose opening therein is rigidly attached to the body. A gas burner attached to the cover provides a downwardly directed oxidizing flame into the cavity to oxidize iron which is added to the cavity and other impurities in the precious metal containing material. A flux is provided to provide a thoroughly liquid mixture and after heating, the molten mass is poured through the multi-purpose cover opening into a mold. As the mold cools, a dore button of precious metal settles to the bottom of the mold and slag containing impurities forms on the top.

Abstract: A tiltable fermentor includes a hollow perforated drum rotating within a generally cylindrical jacketed pressure vessel. The drum is cantilever-mounted and supported at one driven end by a shaft for rotation which is indirectly motor driven by means of an adjustable pulley and belt. The other end of the drum has no central bearing but is circumferentially supported by bearing strips affixed to the inner surface of the outer pressure vessel. A hinged headplate on the pressure vessel, swings open to expose the open undriven end of the inner drum, thereby facilitating loading and unloading. The entire fermentor assembly, that is, vessel, drum and drive, is pivotably mounted so that the rotational axis of the drum may be horizontal or tilted about a transverse axis to a 45 degree angle, with the hinged headplate being either up or down. The drum can rotate at any orientation, and the absence of a drum bearing at the undriven end permits rotational operation even when the headplate is swung open.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for tilting a furnace supported by rolling rockers is disclosed. The apparatus includes at least one hydraulic cylinder connected to a spout side of the furnace, and at least one hydraulic cylinder connected to a back side of the furnace.

Abstract: A tilting device for tilting crucible furnaces is supported in a stand wherein a yoke mounts the crucible furnace to the stand and is pivotable about a shaft extending transverse to the opening of the crucible furnace. The shaft is supported in movable guide tubes mounted within respective upstanding members of the stand. The movable guide tubes are releasably locked within the upstanding members such that operation of a lifting device causes the crucible and yoke to rotate about the shaft and release of the locking means causes the crucible and yoke to be lifted from the stand with operation of the lifting device and movement of the guide tubes within the upstanding members.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rod of crystalline material in a crucible formed at least partly by a fabric of refractory fibrous material.Prior to its use the crucible is subjected to a preparatory treatment consisting mainly of wetting the inner face by means of gallium.Application: Manufacture of rods of semiconductor material.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fusion and casting machine for the preparation of glass buttons for analysis.The machine contains an assembly of several heaters which moves with a precession motion imparting agitation to the content of the molten materials. When the materials are fused, agitation stops, flame goes out, moulds which were intially above the crucibles move under the crucibles, and the crucibles turn over and transfer their content into the moulds where solidification takes place. Perfect glass buttons are produced: these are stable, homogeneous, flat, smooth, bubble-free and need no further processing before the anaylsis.

Abstract: A crucible for melting, and particularly for heat retention and pouring of metals, in particular light metal- or zinc- alloys, with a heat source arranged inside of the melt. A heat source tube extends in a bridge-like manner between the crucible walls, with heating elements entering from a front end of the heat source tube.