Abstract: Disclosed herein is a reduced iron production method enabling heat to be input well into reduced-iron raw materials on a hearth covering material in a reduction-melting furnace to improve the efficiency of treatment thereof. The reduced-iron raw materials are set on the hearth covering material through their falls and reduced on the hearth covering material. The hearth covering material is constituted by carbon materials each having a particle diameter of 5 mm or less. At least 7 mass % of the carbon materials have respective particle diameters each being 0.1 mm or less. This restrains the reduced-iron raw materials from embedment into the hearth covering material.

Abstract: A method for removing gaseous inclusions from a viscous liquid in which a viscous liquid stream having gaseous inclusions is introduced into a refining chamber, resulting in a flowing viscous liquid layer. The viscosity of a bottom portion of the viscous liquid layer is reduced in a first refining zone in the refining chamber so as to produce an upwardly mobile reduced viscosity portion of the viscous liquid layer. Heat is introduced into the viscous liquid layer from above the viscous liquid layer in a second refining zone in the refining chamber downstream of the first refining zone, reducing the gaseous inclusions in said viscous liquid layer. Thereafter, the viscous liquid layer having substantially reduced gaseous inclusions is discharged from the refining chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a furnace containing a charge to heat the charge, comprising wherein gaseous oxidant comprising 60 vol. % to 85 vol. % oxygen is passed through a heated regenerator and into the furnace, so that the oxidant is heated to emerge from an oxidant port at a temperature of 500° C. to 1400° C., and gaseous fuel is fed into said furnace through two or more fuel ports; and the heated oxidant and fuel are combusted in the furnace to produce gaseous hot products of said combustion which heat the charge; and then the flow of oxidant through the regenerator into the furnace is discontinued, and said combustion products are passed into said oxidant port and through and out of said cooled regenerator to heat said regenerator, wherein the temperature of the combustion products that pass out of said regenerator is at least 500° C.; under dimensional and operational conditions which attain functional and economic advantages.

Abstract: A combustion device for a melting furnace, capable of heating a melting target object and the ceiling portion of the furnace with the radiant heat of the flame, including a combustion space above the location of the melting target object, including a fuel injection nozzle having a plurality of fuel injecting portions, which portions include orifices disposed side by side horizontally relative to the direction of fuel injection, and formed side by side vertically relative to the same. The orifices are formed radially side by side as seen laterally, with a direction along a middle angle in the angular range between the fuel injection direction of the uppermost fuel injection orifice and the fuel injection direction of the lowermost fuel injection orifice being directed obliquely upwards. The fuel injection orifices of the upper fuel injecting portion are formed radially side by side as seen in the plane view.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the continuous melting of inorganic salts and a furnace installation for realizing the method. Solid salts are fed into a furnace with the aid of a feeding unit. The salts contained in the furnace are heated. A flow of the salts is generating inside the furnace with the aid of a circulating unit. The flow generates a two-phase region containing solid and melted salt and a separate second region containing substantially solely a melt that is heated to the desired temperature. The melt is discharged from the separate second region simultaneous with the feeding of the solid salts into the furnace with the aid of a removal unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for melting and dispensing thermoplastic materials such as thermoplastic adhesives referred to as “hot melt” adhesives. More specifically this invention relates to a one piece melter tank which is suspended from the top of a chassis which also serves as the housing for the entire assembly of the melting and dispensing apparatus.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide an ash-melting furnace which can respond to fluctuations in the load and which will be capable of highly efficient and stable operation. In an ash-melting furnace which heats and melts the primary ash and the fly ash obtained by combustion together, this invention is characterized by supplying the primary ash (ash containing rough particles) from upper end of the furnace to form an upper layer of a two-tiered layer of ash, supplying the fly ash (ash containing minute particles) from an upper end of the furnace to form a lower layer of the two-tiered layer of ash, moving the two-tiered layer together towards the far end of the furnace, and heating and melting the two-tiered layer by a burner to form molten slugs during the moving step. When the burner is an oxygen-enriched burner, this configuration makes it possible to control the volume of oxygen to be added to the burner air (including changing the density of the oxygen).

Abstract: This invention relates to a Hot Melt Glue Conveying System and in particular to a system for improving the material handling of thermoplastic adhesive chips to provide the uninterrupted flow of hot melt glue to packaging production lines. This invention reveals both a system and a method which improves the material handling efficiency and reduces the maintenance and down-time of a system for conveying solid glue chips or particles from a bulk source in the proper continuous glue volume to a glue melting apparatus. This system has filters at various points in the conveying system to screen the particle size of material flowing through and to minimize foreign particles in the system. This conveying system includes sensing devices that determine the material flow volume and vacuum at various gates, valves and hoppers in the system and sends an electronic signal to the control unit of those readings.

Abstract: A melt treatment apparatus is provided which obviates an increase in floorspace and in cost and has freedom from a danger of steam explosion and further can control melt discharging with reliability.The welt treatment apparatus 1 is constructed with a furnace body 8 for entry of a material 17 to be heated, a plasma torch 2 that generates a plasma arc 13 so as to melt the material, a melt discharge passage 3 arranged in the furnace body for discharging a hot melt 14 derived by melting the material with the use of the plasma torch, and cooling gas jet means 7 disposed in the melt discharge passage and jetting a cooling gas to cool the hot melt to thereby form a dam 12.

Abstract: A furnace having sidewalls to form an enclosure to contain a melt. One or more burners are positioned to fire into the enclosure to maintain the melt and one or more charge wells are separated from the enclosure by the sidewalls. A charge of material to be melted is loaded into the charge wells and melted. Submerged openings defined in the sidewall circulate melt to the charge well(s) and to circulate the melt back to the enclosure. Submerged pumps effectuate the circulation. Flue gas openings defined in the sidewall(s) are configured to direct flue gas into the charge well(s) and on to said the charge of material. Two opposed charge wells and pumps may be provided as wells as flue gas openings to heat the charge of material deposited into the charge wells. The flue gas openings allow flue gas to impinge onto the charge of material to be melted so that heat that would otherwise be lost in the flue gas is used to help melt the charge of material.

Abstract: A heating element assembly for use in a rapid prototype modeling machine is described. The heating element of the hot melt assembly and an associated product container deliver hot melt product to the jets of the rapid prototype modeling machine.

Abstract: A heating apparatus includes at least first and second burners located in a combustion chamber wherein the burners are separated by a divider for deterring uncombusted fuel flowing from a firing burner to an area adjacent to a non-firing burner. In another aspect of the present invention, the burners are used to heat water in a multiple staged heater.

Abstract: A recycling apparatus for obtaining oil from waste plastic by thermal decomposition having a tank proper with a hopper to charge the waste plastic and multiple heating pipes disposed above one another which communicate with one another in the tank proper. The upper heating pipe is connected to a hot-air generator and the lower heating pipe to a flue duct leading to the outside atmosphere, thus dividing the tank proper into an upper thermal decomposition zone and a lower melting zone. As such, the recycling apparatus accomplishes the melting and thermal decomposition of the waste plastic in one tank. The recycling apparatus is simple and compact, provides substantial cost savings and ease of maintenance, and increases productivity and economy.

Abstract: In a method of this invention, a first oxidant flow including oxygen and/or air, is injected into an exhaust gas flow from a primary burn zone in a furnace combustion chamber. The first oxidant flow is injected into the exhaust gas flow in a secondary burn zone downstream from the primary burn zone, but inside of the furnace chamber so that heat released from combustion of the first oxidant flow can be used for the purpose to which the furnace is applied. Also, the injection of the first oxidant flow into the secondary burn zone combusts fuel pollutants that might otherwise be released from the furnace into the atmosphere. The method can also include mixing a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel flow with the exhaust gas flow from the secondary burn zone to reduce the NO.sub.x, level in the exhaust gas. Also, the method can include mixing a second oxidant flow including air and/or oxygen, with the exhaust gas, preferably after reducing the NO.sub.x.

Abstract: During thermal treatment in a melting cyclone of solids that yield molten products at treatment temperatures, an exhaust gas is separated from the melt in an apparatus following the melting cyclone. The separation of the exhaust gas is implemented in a cyclone-like separating chamber that is fashioned such that a thermal after-treatment of the melt and/or of the exhaust gas can ensue therein in addition to the separation of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A furnace body is partly or thoroughly made of a metal material. An inner peripheral face of the metal material portion is covered by a lining. Spray means for cooling the lining of a relatively thin portion via the metal material portion of the furnace body is disposed outside the furnace body. When wastes are to be melted, wastes are melted under a state where the spray means sprays coolant on the outer face of the furnace body and cools the lining, thereby preventing erosion of the lining from occurring.

Abstract: Hot gas heating devices are disclosed for heating an end of a tubular body before it is heat sealed, including a nozzle casing having a nozzle cavity, a heating nozzle disposed within the nozzle cavity, whereby the heating nozzle can be mounted at a predetermined location within the end of the tubular body, the heating nozzle including a hot gas outlet for directing a hot gas in order that a predetermined region of the end of the tubular body can be heated, a hot gas exhaust for exhausting the hot gas from the end portion of the tubular body, the hot gas exhaust including an ejector for creating a substantially uniform pressure drop at the predetermined region of the end of the tubular body in order to create a uniform distribution of the hot gas on the predetermined region of the end of the tubular body, and a cooling and centering body disposed on the exterior of the end of the tubular body for cooling and centering the outer surface of the tubular body.

Abstract: A combustion method wherein oxidant and fuel are provided into a charged furnace in a substantially stoichiometric ratio for relatively complete combustion and secondary oxidant is provided in a defined manner outside the furnace for further combustion without excessive NO.sub.x or carbon monoxide formation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of vaporous heavy metal compounds from a carrier gas wherein the heavy metal compounds are cooled and desublimed. An apparatus for carrying out this process has a melting furnace with a discharge opening for a gas/vapor mixture, which leads to a cooling device. Vaporous heavy metal compounds can be separated from a carrier gas on a large industrial scale. In addition, the apparatus for carrying out this process is easy to operate. The gas/vapor mixture is turbulently mixed immediately after the discharge from the furnace in a mixing section with cold air and is thus cooled. During this cooling, the vaporous heavy metal compounds desublime and are filtered as particles in a filter.

Abstract: A liquefying apparatus for melting and blending solid materials includes a hopper with a coiled heating element disposed therein which supports and melts the solid materials into liquid form. The hopper is segmented into a plurality of compartments and as the solid material melts the liquid is collected in the lower portion of the hopper. The collected liquid is continuously agitated to ensure that there are no concentration pockets. The lower section is also provided with a deaeration device to prevent entrained air from entering the liquid.

Abstract: An ash melting furnace for heating and melting ashes by a burner. The furnace body is formed with a preheating chamber and a melting chamber. Of the bottom wall of the melting chamber (12), the portion closer to the charging port is convex in transverse cross section, while the portion closer to the discharging port is concave in transverse cross section.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method and apparatus in which solid gelatin chunks are liquefied, tempered, and debubbled in a single operation. The debubbling step is accomplished by evacuating and sealing off the loaded solid reservoir and heat exchanger before initiating the liquefying step. After the vacuum is applied, the gelled chunks are pressed into the heat exchanger, where heat is applied to the gelled chunks of photographic material. This liquefies the gelled chunks of photographic material. When the liquefied product gives a positive pressure at the heat exchanger outlet, the liquefied product is allowed to flow from the heat exchanger. Liquefying and tempering are performed as the solid chunks are pushed through the heat exchanger by the reservoir piston.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for liquifying tires is shown including a plurality of tire modules (12) holding tires which are immersed in and preheated by a slurry located in a tank (22). After preheating, the tire module (12) and tires held thereon are removed from the preheat tank (22) and are immersed in a slurry located in a high temperature tank (28). The temperature of the slurry in the high temperature tank (28) is sufficient to liquify the tires. As the tires liquify, the slurry produced is retained in the high temperature tank (28) to immerse further tires and also overflows from the high temperature tank (28) to the preheat tank (22) and then to a storage tank (36). The slurry from the storage tank (36) can be pumped to the burner (42) of the heat exchanger (48) for heating the slurry in the high temperature tank (28) or can be used for other uses.

Abstract: A gas fired melting apparatus for particulate material. The melting apparatus has four successively connected vertically disposed sidewall members, a floor member and a roof member. These members define a cubic melting chamber for containing a freestanding generally conical pile of particulate material to be melted. The sizes, shapes and positions of the chamber radiating surfaces as well as their relative distances from the pile surfaces promote heat transfer to the pile. A high temperature gas fired burner is mounted in each sidewall adjacent to the corner formed by the tail end of one sidewall and the head end of a successive sidewall member. The axis of each burner is parallel with its successive wall member so the combined effect of the burners is to produce a toroidal flow of combustion products in the melting chamber around its central vertical axis.

Abstract: A method for processing ash residues and other solide combustion products, derived from combustion of waste materials in furnaces whereby the ash and other combustion products are gradually supplied in a continuous manner into the high side of a glaze-kiln, showing a sloping course, which is heated from its lower side, and are fused and glazed in a continuously proceeding process at high temperatures and a glaze-kiln, useful in this method.

Abstract: A melting and casting furnace (1) for the production of directionally solidified or monocrystalline structures includes a housing (2) having a heating apparatus (3), and a cooling ring (4) disposed thereunder, as well as a cooling table (5) for the placement of a mold (6). Numerous radiation shields (8) in a heating zone in the housing, at a distance apart from one another and steer the heat rays onto a small area (A) in order to prevent direct radiation onto the metal already solidified or solidifying. In this manner the temperature gradient between the solidified and the molten can be kept great.

Abstract: An apparatus for liquefying a polyurethane based thermoplastic adhesive which includes a heatable sealed supply container having an upper portion for receiving a downwardly open transport container for the adhesive and a lower portion serving as a buffer volume. A base portion is arranged below the supply container and includes a collecting trough leading to an outlet passage. A cover is provided at the upper end of the supply container and a conduit supplies an inert gas to the interior of the supply container. The conduit also opens into the interior of the transport container. A mandrel having a tip is provided at the inner side of the cover and the tip penetrates the transport container when the cover is closed. The inert gas is provided through an outlet opening located in the side wall of the tip of the mandrel. The gas supply through the conduit is periodically interrupted by a magnetic valve operated by a timer which only opens the valve for short periods, which provides an appreciable gas saving.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving an oscillating spout capable of pivoting about two orthogonal axes under the action of a pivoting control arm having the same degrees of liberties as the spout is presented. The driving apparatus includes a control mechanism which directs the control arm to perform the movement required by the spout and a transmission device which acts to transmit the control arm movement to the spout to reproduce it as spout movement, and vice versa. The apparatus further includes a rotary internal housing supported on a support frame via a bearing member and enclosed by an outer housing or cowl. The rotary housing is associated with a toothed rim which is actuated by a first motor fixed to or adjacent to the support frame. A control mechanism is also provided which includes a driving rod which is coaxial with the rotary internal housing and which is capable of sliding in the axial direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for liquefying a polyurethane based thermoplastic adhesive which includes a heatable sealed supply container having an upper portion for receiving a downwardly open transport container for the adhesive and a lower portion serving as a buffer volume. A base portion is arranged below the supply container and includes a collecting trough leading to an outlet passage. A cover is provided at the upper end of the supply container and a conduit supplies an inert gas to the interior of the supply container. The conduit also opens into the interior of the transport container. A mandrel having a tip is provided at the inner side of the cover and the tip penetrates the transport container when the cover is closed. The inert gas is provided through an outlet opening located in the side wall of the tip of the mandrel. The gas supply through the conduit is periodically interrupted by a magnetic valve operated by a timer which only opens the valve for short periods, which provides an appreciable gas saving.

Abstract: Melting and holding furnace in which melting (1) and holding (2) chambers are separated from one another, and are connected via openings (6). The holding chamber is designed to be deeper in order to receive the melt which flows out of the melting chamber (1). The chimney (18) through which the burnt gases produced during heating of the melting chamber (1) pass is arranged in the cover (14) of the holding chamber (2), namely at the end of the holding chamber (2) opposite to the openings (6).

Abstract: A shaft melting furnace for melting metals is proposed with an interior receiving the molten bath, a charging shaft for supplying the melting stock and a burner supplying heat to the latter. The charging shaft is funnel-shaped and passes into a melting zone of constant cross-section leading to a melting bridge.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the surface characteristics of wax-based material such as a deodorant or anti-perspirant stick housed in a container is provided. The apparatus comprises a hollow walled housing having an inlet and outlet portion. A plurality of rows of horizontally mounted endless conveyors each comprised of a plurality of interconnected conveyor feet are mounted in the housing for moving containers therethrough in reciprocating fashion. A plurality of spaced separators are mounted between the rows and containers move sequentially through these rows from the inlet to the outlet of the housing. A duct system is connected with the housing for circulating air through the housing and creating a reduced pressure therein. A plurality of heating units arranged in sequence are mounted over the rows which units are capable of melting the wax-based material.

Abstract: A smelting furnace for metal such as aluminum or aluminum-base alloy having a relatively low melting point comprising a rotatable lower furnace body having an upper opening and an upper furnace body secured to a frame and having a lower opening for covering the opening of the lower furnace body. A feed inlet chamber is formed in a peripheral portion of the upper furnace body and positioned above the opening of the lower furnace body. The feed inlet chamber has opposite side walls extending downward to the upper edge of the lower furnace body to separate the feed inlet chamber from the interior chamber of the furnace.

Abstract: There is provided a vessel for molten metal, wherein the vessel walls containing said molten metal are constructed of rigid ceramic plates. The vessel walls along those edges along which they are connected together are provided with L- or Z-joints. Mutually co-acting joint surfaces are pressed against each other via an intermediate layer of felted ceramic sealing material by means of screws engaging said ceramic plates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for feeding polymeric material to processing and mixing equipment is disclosed which includes a hopper located radially from the axis of rotation of the processing equipment in the direction of rotation and with walls that are inclined at angles which direct the feed material toward the direction of rotation. In addition, a passage is provided within the apparatus for venting gases. The rate of egress of feed material from the hopper to the processing equipment is controlled in response to the need of the processing equipment.The disclosed apparatus includes a casing, a hopper inclined in the direction of rotation of the processing equipment, a control means acting as a gate for the introduction of new material and forming a passage in conjunction with the casing to provide a space for the escape and removal of volatile material from the processing equipment.The control means may be moved about a pivot in such a manner as to encourage the feed material into the processing equipment.