Abstract: A fabrication process for an STT MTJ MRAM device includes steps of cooling the device at individual or at multiple stages in its fabrication. The cooling process, which may be equally well applied during the fabrication of other multi-layered devices, is demonstrated to produce an operational device that is more resistant to adverse thermal effects during operation that would normally cause a similar device not so fabricated to lose stored data and otherwise fail to operate properly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dental furnace wherein a firing chamber is heated up in a first heating-up period at a first heating-up rate of more than 501 K/min, in particular more than 1001 K/min, which heats the furnace to at least 10001 C., in particular to 1100-12501 C. The first heating-up period is followed by an intermediate heating period, which is at least five minutes long, in particular at least ten minutes long, the gradient or heating-up rate of which is adapted to the material to be sintered in the dental furnace (10), and wherein this is followed by an end heating-up period (44) during which heating up is effected at a heating-up rate of more than 301 K/min, in particular approximately 501 K/min, and wherein during this the furnace temperature is held for at least five minutes, in particular for at least 25 minutes, above the temperature toward the end of the first heating-up period, and wherein forced cooling of the furnace (10) is performed after this.

Abstract: There is provided a heat treatment unit which uses a multi-layered heat treatment furnace (1) comprising a layer of fluidized bed (2) composed of particles and another layer of atmosphere layer (3) composed of gases, the former being excellent in thermal efficiency and uniformity of heat distribution and the latter being positioned in the free board section over the fluidized bed (2), in which these layers operate at temperature levels different from each other, and the work piece is heat-treated by being partly immersed in the fluidized bed (2) having a given temperature with the other part being exposed in the atmosphere layer (3) also operating at a given temperature, according to desired mechanical properties of the work piece at each position. This heat treatment unit is improved from the conventional one in that it can give desired mechanical properties which are required by each part of metallic work requires without increasing the investment cost.

Abstract: A load lock chamber includes a chamber body having an aperture to allow a substrate to be transferred into or out of the chamber. The load lock chamber is configurable in several configurations, including a base configuration for providing a transition between two different pressures, a heating configuration for heating the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures, and a cooling configuration for cooling the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures. Various features of the chamber configurations help increase the throughput of the system by enabling rapid heating and cooling of substrates and simultaneous evacuation and venting of the chamber, and help compensate for thermal losses near the substrate edges, thereby providing a more uniform temperature across the substrate.

Abstract: A load lock chamber includes a chamber body having an aperture to allow a substrate to be transferred into or out of the chamber. The load lock chamber is configurable in several configurations, including a base configuration for providing a transition between two different pressures, a heating configuration for heating the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures, and a cooling configuration for cooling the substrate and providing a transition between two different pressures. Various features of the chamber configurations help increase the throughput of the system by enabling rapid heating and cooling of substrates and simultaneous evacuation and venting of the chamber, and help compensate for thermal losses near the substrate edges, thereby providing a more uniform temperature across the substrate.

Abstract: A material having fibers in a curable matrix is applied as a reinforcement to a vertical column. The matrix is cured by providing a reinforcement curing apparatus including a steel cylindrical housing split lengthwise into at least two sections, and a plurality of elongated radiant heaters mounted to an interior wall of the housing and oriented to direct their heat inwardly. The curing apparatus is assembled around the perimeter of the column having the reinforcement thereon and operated to heat and cure the reinforcement.

Abstract: A heating device including a first exothermic member disposed below a subject to be heated for preventing heat radiation from the subject while heating the subject from below, a second exothermic member disposed above the subject for preventing heat radiation from the subject while heating the subject from above, and a base or sandwiching and supporting body for bearing the subject sandwiched between the first exothermic member and the second exothermic member while securing a space under the first exothermic member. The heating device is convenient to carry about and capable of easily heating a food or the like without rapidly generating a great amount of heat.

Abstract: A kiln or oven for producing ceramic products is described having a combustion chamber through which the ceramic products continuously pass, as well as a process for the operation and control of the kiln and the ceramic products perform a rotation about their own longitudinal axis in addition to the passage movement through the combusion chamber. The passage and rotation of the ceramic products takes place by means of a drive mechanism located in the kiln base with shafts projecting into the combustion chamber and located on an inventively designed receiving and holding device and can be regulated in infinitely variable and separate manner. The invention permits an effective, discontinuous operation of the kiln.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting impurities from the interior of a kiln, when in operation, and for creating a uniformly heated atmosphere within the kiln, which involves the introduction of air through an air passage opening through the top of the kiln and affiliated openings in other portions of the kiln through which small amounts of air are drawn and exhausted by means of a blower located within the control panel of the kiln and wherein a kiln setter is maintained free of impurities by drawing air containing impurities past it and away from it by means of said blower.

Abstract: A melting and casting furnace (1) for the production of directionally solidified or monocrystalline structures includes a housing (2) having a heating apparatus (3), and a cooling ring (4) disposed thereunder, as well as a cooling table (5) for the placement of a mold (6). Numerous radiation shields (8) in a heating zone in the housing, at a distance apart from one another and steer the heat rays onto a small area (A) in order to prevent direct radiation onto the metal already solidified or solidifying. In this manner the temperature gradient between the solidified and the molten can be kept great.

Abstract: A firing kiln, especially for use as a vacuum firing kiln for dental ceramic purposes, having a lower portion having a fixed firing platform, an upper portion raisable from the lower portion and in abutting relationship therewith, the lower portion having a hollow firing chamber in facing relationship with a fixed firing platform. The firing chamber includes means for emitting heat into the hollow chamber and toward the fixed firing platform, the surface of the fixed firing platform being at or above the level of the upper edge of the lower portion.

Abstract: A football drying machine having a frame and wheels so that it may be moved about, a vertical axis supported at its lower end of the frame, a carousel affixed about the vertical axis, the carousel having a number of radial compartments each dimensioned to receive a football, a shroud covering the carousel and having an opening in the top so that as the carousel is rotated the opening aligns with the compartments for placing footballs into or taking them out of the carousel, a gas burner supplied by a gas tank carried on the frame, a fan for moving heated air from the gas burner, a plenum chamber connecting the burner and fan to direct heated air into the bottom of the carousel and within the shroud to heat footballs positioned in the carousel, and a handle affixed to the upper end of the shaft for rotation of the carousel.