Abstract: The invention relates to a method for heating a charge using a flame generated by a lance and/or a burner, characterized in that, in a first phase, the flame is directed towards the charge and in that, in a second phase, the flame is directed more or less parallel to the charge.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally includes a gaming system which: receives a wager, upon receiving the wager, randomly generates one of a plurality of different numbers, after the random generation of the number, accesses a database that includes each of the plurality of different numbers, each different number being preassociated with one of a plurality of different audio/video segments and one of a plurality of different game results, the audio/video segments produced for a purpose other than for inclusion on the gaming device, determines which audio/video segment and game result are preassociated with the randomly generated number regardless of any player input, displays the determined audio/video output segment and the determined game result, and determines an outcome value based on the determined game result.

Abstract: Burner device (2) for an industrial furnace (1) comprising a channel (3) for fuel, a channel (4) for a first oxidant, an outlet (9) for flue gases, a control device (10) and a heat buffer (7), where the first oxidant and the flue gases alternatingly are led through the heat buffer (7). The invention is characterized in that a separate lancing device (6) is arranged to supply a second oxidant to the burner device (2).

Abstract: A furnace includes a housing having a charging end, a discharge end downstream of the charging end, and a combustion chamber within the housing between the charging and discharge ends; a first pair of lances disposed at a first side of the housing proximate the charging end and in communication with the combustion chamber, one lance of said first pair to provide a first fuel to said combustion chamber, and another lance of said first pair to provide a first oxidant to said combustion chamber; and a second pair of lances disposed at a second side of the housing opposite to the first side proximate the charging end and in communication with the combustion chamber, one lance of said second pair to provide a second fuel to said combustion chamber, and another lance of said second pair to provide a second oxidant to said combustion chamber. A method is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for oxidising hydrogen, comprising mixing hydrogen, oxygen and at least one third component, and subsequently reacting hydrogen and oxygen. The invention is characterized in that the at least one third component is carbon dioxide, wherein the method further comprises the step of dividing at least part of said carbon dioxide into CO and 0 radical for controlling the reaction temperature. The invention further relates to a device for oxidising hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A multi-flame burner includes burner heads which are set up to generate at least one burner flame directed along a respective flame axis when supplied with a fuel, wherein the flame axes of respectively adjacent burner heads are inclined relative to each other. A method for preheating a workpiece, in particular a pipe or large-diameter pipe, is provided.

Abstract: A flame used to heat a process material may be extended or otherwise shaped by the application of voltages using electrodes.

Abstract: Method of reducing the formation of folds on metal strips (1) exposed to rapid heating in continuous heat-treatment lines, in which lines said strips are caused to pass through heating sections (2) comprising successive and separate heating means (5; 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d), wherein the average slope of the increase in temperature of the strip between the inlet and the outlet of a heating means decreases from one heating means to the following heating means.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to semiconductor wafer fabrication and more particularly but not exclusively to advanced process control methodologies for controlling oxide formation using pressure. The present invention, in one or more implementations, includes a pressure stabilization system to dynamically adjust scavenger pressure in a furnace during wafer fabrication in relation to a pressure formation range, value, or one or more pressure indicators in a wafer fabrication process.

Abstract: In a method for monitoring a combustion process, in which, in a oven, a substance arranged in a bed of the oven is converted under the supply of heat by way of firing by a flame, data of the flame and/or the substance in the bed being recorded by way of at least one sensor, the input of heat into the bed is determined from the data recorded by the sensor and is used for quality determination.

Abstract: Method of reducing the wrinkles formed in heating zones, by radiant tubes, of continuous heat treatment lines for metal strip, such as annealing or galvanizing lines, the said strip passing over transporting and/or return rollers in the said furnaces, the said method, which consists in modifying the thermal state of the rollers, being characterized in that the said modification is made directly by varying the heating by the said radiant tubes located near the rollers, thereby directly controlling the heat flux emitted by the radiant tubes towards the rollers.

Abstract: A method for heating flat or curved surfaces comprising injecting fuel and oxidant along the length, width or longitudinal side of a combustion space formed between two flat or curved plates, transferring heat from the combustion products via convection and radiation to the surface being heated on to the material being dried/heated, and recirculating at least 20% of the combustion products to the root of the flame.

Abstract: In an industrial glass furnace, which optionally contains recuperators, regenerators, electric boost or other devices for providing heat to glass batch material, at least one staged combustion oxy-fuel burner is mounted in the roof of the furnace to provide heat to melt the glass batch material by providing a flow of fuel to the oxy-fuel burner; providing a flow of gaseous oxidant in association with said the oxy-fuel burner; injecting the fuel and the oxidant into the furnace; and, combusting the fuel such that at least a portion of combustion is effected in the vicinity of said glass forming material to enhance convective and radiative transfer of heat to said glass forming material without substantially disturbing the glass forming material. In one embodiment, the oxy-fuel burner is adapted for injecting liquid fuels.

Abstract: In an industrial glass furnace which contains recuperators, regenerators, electric boost or other devices for providing heat to glass batch material an oxy-fuel burner mounted in the roof of the furnace provides additional heat to melt the batch material. A method of mounting and using such a roof-mounted oxy-fuel burner including the operating parameters to maximize heat transfer while minimizing the disturbance of the batch material is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of heating a surface provides for a central fuel rich jet having a peripheral shroud of substantially stoichiometric combustion products and one or more fuel lean jets each having a peripheral shroud of substantially stoichiometric combustion products. The fuel lean jets are placed around the periphery of the central fuel rich jet. The fuel lean jet or jets each having shrouds of substantially stoichiometric combustion products and a careful choice of relative velocities for each results in minimizing the mixing of the fuel rich and fuel lean jets until they are at or near the surface of the material to be melted. The placement of the fuel lean jet and fuel rich jets may be reversed in applications where an oxidizing atmosphere is required at the surface to be heated.

Abstract: A high-temperature, non-catalytic, infrared heater is formed within a housing having a bottom and at least one side lined with a refractory material. The burner includes a burner surface area and is positioned within the housing. A re-radiating surface is positioned above the burner and comprises a mesh having a re-radiating surface area greater than the burner surface area with the re-radiating surface operating between approximately 400° F. and 2200° F.

Abstract: A high-temperature, non-catalytic, infrared heater is formed within a housing having a bottom and at least one side lined with a refractory material. The burner includes a burner surface area and is positioned within the housing. A re-radiating surface is positioned above the burner and comprises a mesh having a re-radiating surface area greater than the burner surface area with the re-radiating surface operating between approximately 400° F. and 2200°F.

Abstract: Provided is a process for the manufacture of technical glass. The process includes, heating a glass bath with at least one flame, wherein the at least one flame is a non-hard flame which is blue in color and includes substantially no reducing species.

Abstract: A method of heating a surface provides for a central fuel rich jet having a peripheral shroud of substantially stoichiometric combustion products and one or more fuel lean jets each having a peripheral shroud of substantially stoichiometric combustion products. The fuel lean jets are placed around the periphery of the central fuel rich jet. The fuel lean jet or jets each having shrouds of substantially stoichiometric combustion products and a careful choice of relative velocities for each results in minimizing the mixing of the fuel rich and fuel lean jets until they are at or near the surface of the material to be melted. The placement of the fuel lean jet and fuel rich jets may be reversed in applications where an oxidizing atmosphere is required at the surface to be heated.

Abstract: A method of heating a surface provides for a central fuel rich jet having a peripheral shroud of substantially stoichiometric combustion products and one or more fuel lean jets each having a peripheral shroud of substantially stoichiometric combustion products. The fuel lean jets are placed around the periphery of the central fuel rich jet. The fuel lean jet or jets each having shrouds of substantially stoichiometric combustion products and a careful choice of relative velocities for each results in minimizing the mixing of the fuel rich and fuel lean jets until they are at or near the surface of the material to be melted. The placement of the fuel lean jet and fuel rich jets may be reversed in applications where an oxidizing atmosphere is required at the surface to be heated.

Abstract: Burner firing method and device are presented where an oxidizing oxygen-fuel burner is fired at an angle to the reducing air-fuel burner flame to reduce overall NOx emissions from high temperature furnaces. The oxidizing oxy-fuel burner stoichiometric equivalence ratio (oxygen/fuel) is maintained in the range of about 1.5 to about 12.5. The reducing air-fuel burner is fired at an equivalence ratio of 0.6 to 1.00 to reduce the availability of oxygen in the flame and reducing NOx emissions. The oxidizing flame from the oxy-fuel burner is oriented such that the oxidizing flame gas stream intersects the reducing air-fuel flame gas stream at or near the tail section of the air-fuel flame. The inventive methods improve furnace temperature control and thermal efficiency by eliminating some nitrogen and provide an effective burnout of CO and other hydrocarbons using the higher mixing ability of the oxidizing flame combustion products.

Abstract: A method of quick purging beds of a regenerative fume incinerator which is practically applicable for use in 2, 3 and 4 bed incinerators. For a very short purge period near the end of an operating time cycle, the bed being switched from receiving impure gases to discharge of clean gas is purged of impure gases by being supplied with clean gas discharged by the incinerator. The quick purging takes less than 4% of the cycle time and thus inflow of impure gases is stopped for a very brief period when this quick purge method is used in a 2 bed incinerator. When using this quick purge method in a three or four bed regenerative fume incinerator there is always at least one bed receiving impure gases. This quick purge method improves the quality of the discharged clean gas without significant loss of thermal efficiency and without significant reduction in operating capacity.

Abstract: To heat a thermic enclosure, flames are generated in a burner having a plurality of injectors, from an oxy-combustible mixture, the flames extending in different directions and having different power and/or oxidizing reducing capacity. Application for example to the heating of furnaces or metallurgical ladles or glassware furnaces.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement of high thrust burners with control systems for a heating furnace which heat metal or similar product, in order to erase developing cold skid marks. The location of these burners is specified, transversely and longitudinally as well as their position with the product face. This invention considers the flow of gases inside of the furnace and the necessary burner characteristic required for the application of these burners to the developing skid marks and the reasons for the specifications. The burners are required to be such that the maximum available heat in the flame is applied at the spot required in order to heat those spots at a faster rate than the cooling effect of the water cooled parts, which are the initial causes of the cold spots. Moreover, it is specified as to the control systems and to the part in which they play in the operation of the skid mark erasure burners.

Abstract: A method of combusting fuel in a furnace having a pair of regenerative burners, each burner having a combustion chamber and a regenerative bed having an exhaust means incorporated therewith introducing simultaneously into said combustion chamber of each burner approximately identical amounts of fuel and approximately identical amounts of oxidizing gases from at least two sources of oxidizing gases having different oxygen concentration to produce two approximately identical flame patterns directed toward the interior of said furnace; terminating the supply of fuel and said oxidizing gases to one of said burners to create a non-firing burner having a non-firing period while maintaining the production of a flame in the remaining burner to create a firing burner having a firing period; applying negative pressure to the exhaust end of the regenerative bed of said non-firing burner to initiate the exhausting of flue gases produced by said firing burner; alternating the introduction of fuel and at least one oxidizin

Abstract: In a process for melting glass in a furnace adapted therefor, said furnace having an upstream melting zone and a downstream fining zone, wherein the molten glass travels along a path from the melting zone to the fining zone comprising:(a) introducing solid glass batch into the melting zone;(b) heating the batch whereby an upper layer of batch and a lower layer of molten glass are formed in the melting zone;(c) providing sufficient heat to maintain the molten glass in the molten state through the fining zone;(d) providing at least a part of the process heat through at least one oxygen/fuel flame located at each side of the path of the molten glass, said flames being fueled by an oxygen containing gas/fuel mixture wherein the oxygen containing gas contains about 50 percent to about 100 percent oxygen by volume; and(e) withdrawing the molten glass from the fining zone,the improvement comprising:(i) providing the oxygen/fuel flames at low momentum;(ii) directing the tip of each flame at the interface of the solid

Abstract: A method is disclosed for temperature control in a heating furnace including a step of regulating the emissivity of the flame in the heating furnace. This regulation is accomplished by adjusting the soot content of the flame. The soot content is changed by introducing auxiliary gaseous fuel, i.e., hydrocarbonaceous material, in addition to the main gaseous fuel, into the heating furnace. A heating furnace temperature control apparatus for carrying out this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating a comminuted solid carbonizable material, such as comminuted municipal waste; sawdust, granulated coal, shredded tires and the like wherein the material is caused to be pyrolyzed in a horizontally disposed elongated reaction zone essentially free of any oxygen containing gases at ambient pressure and at a temperature of from 400.degree. C. to 900.degree. C. The material is passed through the reaction zone by paddle-like impellers mounted on a shaft while being subject to an indirect heat transfer relationship via a burning air fuel mixture spirally swirling within a heating zone about the reaction zone and the mixture being withdrawn from a lower portion of the heating zone. During pyrolysis, the material is chemically changed into valuable gaseous, liquid and solid products.

Abstract: Both method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling the distribution of powdered solid fuel to one or more burners. The powdered solid fuel is caused to pass downwardly through an air current passing from an air inlet to one or more outlet ports. The total rate at which fuel is distributed is controlled by the rate at which air is supplied to the air inlet. In addition, each outlet port is provided with an individual adjustment for controlling the relative rates at which fuel is supplied through the various individual outlet ports. The construction of the distributor is such that the system may be controlled to distribute fuel continuously or in successive controlled impulses while at the same time controlling both the total amount of distributed fuel as well as the relative amounts of fuel distributed in the various outlet lines to the burners.

Abstract: A process is provided for melting glass forming ingredients by supplying all, or at least part, of the total heat required for such melting from the combustion of a combustible fuel which is an admixture of particulate coal and oil. The melting operating can be accomplished without any difficulty of temperature control and with no adverse effects on the quality or composition of the final glass. Excellent results are obtained employing, for example, a combustible fuel mixture of about 40% by weight of particulate coal having a particle size less than about 200 mesh and about 60% by weight of Number 2 fuel oil.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for direct coal firing of glass tank furnaces wherein pulverized coal entrained in an air stream is impelled through a nozzle into the furnace and combusted in the atmosphere directly above the melt in a glass furnace, to form a luminous flame, the direct coal firing preferably being used in conjunction with supplementary conventional heat sources.