Abstract: A fuel nozzle includes a shroud; an injection cylinder surrounded by the shroud and configured to supply fuel to a combustion chamber; a swirler disposed between the injection cylinder and the shroud; and a porous disk disposed downstream of the swirler to surround an outer peripheral surface of the injection cylinder in order to prevent a flashback phenomenon occurring due to a reduction in pressure around the swirler. The porous disk includes a disk body to block a flame produced in the combustion chamber, and a plurality of flow holes are formed in the disk body through which the fuel flows. It is possible to prevent flashback by installing the porous disk downstream of the swirler, and to impart linearity and a swirling effect to the fuel passing through the fuel nozzle by forming variously configured flow holes in the porous disk.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for reducing the likelihood of air bubbles flowing to a liquid ejection head, in a liquid tank mounted on a carriage. The liquid tank mounted on the carriage movable in a Y direction includes a liquid chamber, a liquid inlet port, an atmospheric air introduction portion, a liquid outlet, and a division wall arranged in the liquid chamber. The division wall has first division walls perpendicular to the Y direction in a mounted state on the carriage, and the liquid chamber includes a plurality of small liquid chambers partitioned by the first division walls, an upper communication portion allowing the small liquid chambers to be in communication with each other, and a lower communication portion positioned below the upper communication, and allowing the small liquid chambers to be in communication with each other.

Abstract: There is provided a top-firing hot blast stove capable of enhancing combustion efficiency in burner system, supplying high-temperature combustion gas to an entire checker chamber, and suppressing damage on a refractory material on an inner wall of a burner duct. A top-firing hot blast stove 10 has a burner system including: a burner 1 for passing fuel gas or combustion air to each of three or more pipe lines in a multiple pipe line structure; and a burner duct 2. A core pipe line 1b and a central pipe line 1c include a swirling flow generating means provided for generating a swirling flow of the fuel gas or the combustion air, while an outermost pipe line 1d carries a linear flow of the fuel gas or the combustion air, so that combustion gas HG including a linear component HG? and a swirling component HG? is generated in the burner duct 2.

Abstract: There is provided a top-firing hot blast stove capable of enhancing combustion efficiency in burner system, supplying high-temperature combustion gas to an entire checker chamber, and suppressing damage on a refractory material on an inner wall of a burner duct. A top-firing hot blast stove 10 has a burner system including: a burner 1 for passing fuel gas or combustion air to each of three or more pipe lines in a multiple pipe line structure; and a burner duct 2. A core pipe line 1b and a central pipe line 1c include a swirling flow generating means provided for generating a swirling flow of the fuel gas or the combustion air, while an outermost pipe line 1d carries a linear flow of the fuel gas or the combustion air, so that combustion gas HG including a linear component HG? and a swirling component HG? is generated in the burner duct 2.

Abstract: There is provided a top-firing hot blast stove including a burner and a burner duct capable of stabilizing an ignition point at a desired position inside the burner duct and suppressing occurrence of blinking phenomenon so as to achieve high combustion efficiency. A top-firing hot blast stove 10 includes a checker chamber 4 and a combustion chamber 3 which includes a burner system and placed above the checker chamber 4.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive and environmentally friendly system and method for producing energy utilizing a gravitation drip technique. A clean burning liquid fuel is dripped from an upper container into a lower container that houses a heat-absorbing substrate. A combustion reaction is initiated between the fuel and the heat absorbing substrate to produce a continuous flame. Thermal energy from the flame and the combustion process is retained by the heat-absorbing substrate. The thermal energy from the flame and/or heat-absorbing substrate can be harvested to convert water into steam. This steam energy can be harnessed to generate mechanical energy and produce electricity.

Abstract: A ceramic burner for use in a combustion chamber of a regenerative heat generator, such as a hot blast stove of a blast furnace, the ceramic burner including a burner feed chamber with a partition wall for dividing the burner feed chamber into a fuel chamber and an air chamber, where the fuel chamber has a fuel inlet for receiving combustible fuel and a fuel outlet for feeding the combustible fuel to a mixing zone (34), the air chamber having an air inlet for receiving combustion air and an air outlet for feeding the combustion air to the mixing zone, where the ceramic burner further includes a gastight metallic fuel container arranged in the burner feed chamber, the fuel container including the fuel chamber therein, a wall portion of the fuel container forming the partition wall between the fuel chamber and the air chamber.

Abstract: A flow of air is provided from a hot air main into a combustion chamber at a time when a burner is firing into the combustion chamber to heat a bed of regenerative media. The flow of air into the combustion chamber helps to keep products of combustion from flowing into the hot air main. In preferred embodiments, sensors sense pressure in the combustion chamber and the hot air main. A controller shifts a valve back and forth within a range of open conditions to regulate the flow of air in response to the sensed pressures.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for producing a steam and CO2 mixture, as a super heated dry steam mixture. The apparatus includes a rotatable vessel having a combustion section and a steam producing section. There may also be a dry solid removal, a steam production and solid scrubbing vertical vessel, and a heat exchanger. The vessel is partially filled with spherical bodies, and the sections are partially separated by a partition. A discharge section is located at an end of the steam producing section. A homogenizing section has at least one partition wall guiding flow of gases. The process for producing the steam mixture includes mixing a low quality fuel with an oxidation gas, combusting in a rotating drum filled with spherical bodies, and mixing low quality water with a controlled temperature to generate steam. All liquids convert to gas so that there is no liquid discharge.

Abstract: “A ceramic burner for use in a combustion chamber of a regenerative heat generator, such as a hot blast stove of a blast furnace, the ceramic burner including a burner feed chamber with a partition wall for dividing the burner feed chamber into a fuel chamber and an air chamber, where the fuel chamber has a fuel inlet for receiving combustible fuel and a fuel outlet for feeding the combustible fuel to a mixing zone (34), the air chamber having an air inlet for receiving combustion air and an air outlet for feeding the combustion air to the mixing zone, where the ceramic burner further includes a gastight metallic fuel container arranged in the burner feed chamber, the fuel container including the fuel chamber therein, a wall portion of the fuel container forming the partition wall between the fuel chamber and the air chamber.

Abstract: A method for heating a zone of an elongate tubular article. A heat resistant, heat transmitting and heat dispersive shroud material is applied to the zone and a hot gas source is applied to the outside of the shroud material to cause heat to be transmitted through the shroud material to the zone.

Abstract: This invention concerns a boiler fitted with a burner suitable for wall heaters or built-in kitchen heaters in which a mantle-shaped heat exchanger made of pipe elements connected in parallel and/or series divides the boiler chamber into a combustion chamber and an exhaust chamber. The heat exchanger has openings for hot flue gases distributed over its mantle. The burner head disposed in the combustion chamber is suitable for burning oil and has a flame tube with an axial flame opening and a flame baffle element disposed at a distance from the flame opening which is constructed so that the flame is diverted into the space between the flame tube and the heat exchanger. In addition, a fire chamber mantle can be disposed between the heat exchanger and the flame tube to protect the heat exchanger from direct contact with the flame.

Abstract: In the construction of a hot blast stove, walls are made of pre-formed and baked bricks. At the joint between two walls, cast joining elements of complex shape are incorporated. The cast joining elements may be cast in situ. This avoids the need for pressing joining bricks of a variety of shapes.

Abstract: A ceramic gas burner for a hot-blast stove has a burner crown essentially composed of a plurality of shaped bricks which define terminal portions of at least one combustion air duct and at least one gas duct of said burner for flow of respectively combustion air and gas. A simple and inexpensive structure is obtained when the bricks are of at most two principal types in respective layers. The bricks of each type are identical, but may be of a subsidiary type of which two bricks combine to form one brick of the principal type.

Abstract: A burner for a hot-blast furnace has a guidance portion, a channel portion and a mixing portion. The guidance portion serves as an air and gas intake, and is divided into a plurality of separate compartments by thin walled plates. Some of the compartments of the guidance portion have side openings for receiving gas therein, and the other compartments have lower openings for receiving air therein. All of these compartments have exit openings at their top for delivering the air and gas to the channel portion. Conduits are provided in the guidance portion to equalize the pressures within the respective air and gas compartments. The channel portion has a plurality of channels having an overall reduced cross-sectional area of flow as compared with the guidance portion. A mixing portion is disposed above the channels, mixing the air and gas and defining a plurality of burner jets. The reduction in cross-section from the guidance portion increases the velocity of the air and gas going to the burner jets.

Abstract: A ceramic burner is provided, particularly for use in a hot-blast oven, with a generally cylindrical wall defining a central burner duct and a housing extending around and spaced from the generally cylindrical wall to define an outer annular duct disposed coaxial to the central burner duct. The generally cylindrical wall includes an inner peripheral surface extending outwardly from a central burner duct to define a burner mouth. First and second ring nozzles are provided having openings extending from the outer annular duct and open at the burner mouth. Nozzle inserts are provided for insertion into the openings of the first and second ring nozzles so as to vary the cross-sectional area defined by the openings of the first and second ring nozzles. Additionally, injector grids are provided for insertion into the openings of the first and second ring nozzles so as to divide each of the openings into a plurality of smaller openings.

Abstract: A ceramic gas burner for a combustion chamber of a hot-blast stove of a blast furnace has parallel vertical supply ducts for the two combustion components (gas and air). One duct opens upwardly at a first outlet opening which is rectangular in shape. The second duct opens at second outlet openings which are on each side of and above the first outlet opening and whose outflow directions are oblique to that of the first outlet opening. Recesses extend in each long side of the first opening towards the second openings. To improve the mixing of the two components, opposite each recess there is another such recess in the other long side of the opening.

Abstract: A ceramic burner for a hot blast stove, having a burner head where the combustion components mix and an air duct and a gas duct beneath the head for conducting combustion components to the head, the gas duct is within the air duct and is bounded by a wall. To prevent stresses due to differences of thermal expansion at least one horizontal sliding joint is arranged in the bounding wall of the gas duct closely under the burner head. The air duct is bounded by a brickwork wall which continues upwardly past the burner head and forms a combustion chamber. The burner head projects over and is supported by a shoulder in this wall and an essentially vertical expansion joint is located between the burner head and the wall.

Abstract: A sand collection system includes a column of coarse sand within a cylindrical container coaxially mounted to the output end of a furnace conduit through which heated gases containing sublimate will pass. A layer of gas permeable material holds sand in position and an aperture in its center assists in directing gases generally to the center of the sand column. The sand column is spaced away from the furnace a distance such that the temperature differential will cause condensation of the heated gases on the surfaces of the sand particles.

Abstract: The burner means for a blast furnace stove having a vertical shell, a combustion chamber adjacent the inside wall of the shell and checkers in the shell includes a generally horizontal first tube extending from the outside of the shell into communication with the combustion chamber, a ceramic tube within the first tube spaced therefrom, and a ceramic nozzle at the inner end of the ceramic tube extending upwardly at an angle between 45.degree. and 90.degree.. Air of fuel gas passes within the first tube around the ceramic tube and the other of the air or fuel passes within the ceramic tube with the gas and air mixing and burning upwardly in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A blast heating apparatus includes an inner metal shell having therein a refractory lining. An outer metal shell surrounds at least a portion of the inner metal shell and defines therewith a double shell structure. Spacers are positioned between the outer and inner metal shells to define therebetween a gap. At least a portion of such gap is filled with a pourable dry material having a grain size of up to 8 mm and a heat conductivity of at least approximately 1.5 W/Km.

Abstract: A blast furnace stove having a hot blast outlet which is configured in a particular elliptical-shaped so that all the bricks in its peripheral refractory reinforcing wall are substantially identical in shape and dimension. The center line of this outlet passes through the center of the blast furnace stove instead of through the center of the combustion chamber. Preferably, the burner inlet is also configured in the shape disclosed by the present invention.

Abstract: There is disclosed in a ceramic burner comprising a base, a crown disposed on an opposing end to said base and therebetween a housing defining a combustion chamber, a first conduit entering said housing and communicating therein with a gas chamber in turn communicating with a gas passage running longitudinally therethrough, a second conduit entering said housing and communicating therein with an air chamber in turn communicating with an air passage running therethrough, said gas passage and said air passage juxtaposed to one another, each having an elongated cross section, said gas passage and said air passage being vertically supported from one another, said gas passage and said air passage being in communication with said crown the improvement wherein between said gas passage and said air passage there is disposed at least one gas slot and at least one air slot extending from said base to said crown, said gas slot and said air slot being closed off from said gas passage, said air passage, said gas chamber a

Abstract: A blast heating apparatus includes an inner metal shell and an outer metal shell defining therebetween a gap filled with at least one pourable dry material, for example a mixture of SiC and graphite. To prevent excess pressure in the gap and to prevent condensate from entering the gap and attacking the outer shell, a piping system connects the gap to an area below the grate chamber of the blast heating apparatus.

Abstract: An internal partitioning wall for a blast furnace stove in which a layer of insulating material is interposed between two layers of refractory material. Buttressing means such as integral, refractory ledges are provided at periodic vertical intervals from one layer of refractory material to the other. These refractory ledges protect the insulating layer from damage due to radially directed compressive forces found to exist in this wall and also reduce deterioration of this insulation due to sagging and vertical compression.

Abstract: In a support construction for a hot blast main which is connected by respective branches to the outlets of a plurality of hot blast stoves of a blast furnace, the main is suspended on each stove by means of a rod system secured to a stiffened transitional region between the wall and dome of the stove and having an outer end located above the main. The main is suspended from this outer end, to which at least one strut extends from the stove wall adjacent the hot blast outlet. A travelling crane track is secured to the lower side of the rod systems so as to extend above valves incorporated in the hot blast branches. Thus these valves can easily be removed and replaced.

Abstract: A regenerative air preheater includes a masonry casing having therein a combustion chamber and a checker shaft with checker bricks, and a separating wall between the combustion chamber and checker shaft. A space is provided between the separating wall and the checker bricks. Insulating material comprising fireproof fiber material is positioned within the space. The insulating material is structurally free of the separating wall.

Abstract: A hot blast stove for use with high capacity blast furnaces incorporates a gas flow baffle particularly configured for improving mixture of combustion air and gas within the combustion chamber to enhance fuel burning characteristics with a concomitant reduction in pressure-pulsation experienced within the system and without an appreciable reduction in fuel firing rate.

Abstract: A ceramic burner includes a fuel gas supply conduit having a gas delivery region opening into a mouth portion and a mixing and aspiration region communicating with the gas delivery region, and an air supply conduit having nozzles opening into the mixing and aspiration region of the fuel gas supply conduit. The mixing and aspiration region has an angular configuration including a first segment inclined with respect to the axis of a combustion chamber of an air heater within which the burner is positioned and a second segment inclined with respect to the first segment and in communication therewith at a position of directional change. The gas delivery region extends coaxially with respect to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A hot blast stove for preheating combustion air for an associated blast furnace, having a continuous, substantially cylindrical shaped peripheral wall extending from a base to a domed cover. The peripheral wall includes a first cylindrical portion defined by a refractory ring wall of a predetermined thickness, surrounded by insulation, and enclosed by a continuous metal shell; and, a second, diametrically larger, cylindrical portion disposed above the first cylindrical portion, defined by a continuation of the refractory ring wall of the first portion, surrounded by a predetermined thickness of insulating brick and insulation. The second portion is enclosed by a continuous metal shell which joins the domed cover. An annular interconnecting portion joins the cylindrical portions and includes a metal shell that diverges outwardly from the metal shell of the first portion to obliquely join the metal shell of the cylindrical portion.

Abstract: A ceramic burner for the combustion chamber of air heaters and the like has a mixing body composed of layers of shaped ceramic bricks, the shaped bricks adjoin each other with radial flanks and engage and mutually interlock with one another by knobs or protuberances and corresponding recesses. The layers of shaped bricks are held together vertically by a ceramic bolding bar. In assembly, the mixing body has a mushroom shape wherein the upper layer shaped bricks have a larger radius than the lower layers.

Abstract: A blast stove having adjoining combustion and checker chambers, for use with a blast furnace. A support structure, mounted within the checker chamber, supports tiers of interlocked checkerbricks. The support structure includes vertically extending columns which loosely engage a series of transversely extending girders. The girders supportively engage a plurality of grid bar assemblies, each assembly including a plurality of grid bars maintained in a spaced relation by transverse rods and spacers welded to the bars and further including interlocking apparatus for engaging the underlying girders and an adjacent grid bar assembly. The grid bar assemblies support a plurality of grid shoes having grid assembly engaging grooves for interlocking the grid shoes to the grid bar assemblies. The top surface of the grid shoes include recesses which receive bosses located on the underside of the checkerbricks so that the first layer of checkerbricks, is engaged by the shoes.

Abstract: A breast wall construction of a blast furnace hot blast stove includes a free-moving vertical arch composed of reverse wedge interlocking refractory shapes which form a monolithic unit upon differential heat expansion of the breast wall when the blast stove is operating in the on-gas mode.

Abstract: Intercrystalline stress corrosion of the walls of heat exchangers employed to produce hot air for injection into a blast furnace, particularly the wall of the passage interconnecting the combustion and heat exchange chambers, is avoided by eliminating pressure differentials across the walls. Also, the walls of the heat exchanger are heated to a temperature above the condensation point of deleterious vapors present or formed in the apparatus to thereby further minimize the possibility of occurrence of stress corrosion.

Abstract: A burner includes a central burner duct for passing combustion gas therethrough and an outer annular duct for the passage of combustion air and coaxial to the central burner duct. The ducts open or join at an opening area, upstream of which are one or two areas where the combustion gas and air are combined or brought together and mixed. A disk-shaped mixing element is positioned within the opening area centrally thereof and downstream of the first combination area and adjacent the second combination area. The mixing element has extending therethrough substantially in the direction of flow, a ring of separate passages.

Abstract: The swirling burner comprises a vertical combustion chamber and an annular blast member located beneath the combustion chamber and provided with a central cylindrical space and a plurality of alternately superposed fuel gas passages and air passages. These passages are communicated with the cylindrical space through blow openings which are inclined in the same direction with respect to the radii of the cylindrical space. In a modification, the burner is further combined with straight blowing type burner for promoting the effect of the air-gas mixing.

Abstract: Intercrystalline stress corrosion of the walls of heat exchangers employed to produce hot air for injection into a blast furnace, particularly the wall of the passage interconnecting the combustion and heat exchange chambers, is avoided by eliminating pressure differentials across the walls. Also, the walls of the heat exchanger are heated to a temperature above the condensation point of deleterious vapors present or formed in the apparatus to thereby further minimize the possibility of occurrence of stress corrosion.

Abstract: A shaft casing has a funnel-shaped widened upper portion connected to a cupola casing. Between the widened portion and a refractory shaft lining is a supporting frame having a platform on which a cupola lining rests. The frame is connected to the lower end of the widened portion.

Abstract: In a hot blast stove, a shell structure comprises a checker brick chamber and a common upper portion of the shell embraces a combustion chamber having a length substantially less than the shell structure that is mounted contiguously alongside of and externally to the shell. A refractory lined dome or envelope covers both the checker brick chamber and combustion chamber. Means is provided that supports the combustion chamber and that acts responsively to thermal movement of the combustion chamber; such means existing independently of said shell. In another instance the shell and combustion chamber are self-supporting.