Abstract: A heating apparatus including: a first heating part and a second heating part between which a substrate having a coating film is disposed at a substrate position in the film thickness direction; and a distance control part which controls at least one of a first distance between the substrate position and the first heating part and a second distance between the substrate position and the second heating part.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for temporary location within a damp or waterlogged room is disclosed. The apparatus includes sensors to sense the level of temperature and humidity within the room, a heater to provide heat for the room, an air circulation fan for selectively circulating heated air within the room or selectively exhausting warm and humid air from the room and for allowing outside ambient air into the room. The apparatus being adapted to cyclically continue until the sensed humidity reaches a required level, the apparatus thereafter indicating, directly or indirectly, the completion of the drying process. A method of drying a room using such apparatus is also disclosed which employs a technique whereby the rate of change of the temperature increase is used to determine when humid air should be exhausted from the room. A time limit can also be use to determine when said exhausting takes place.

Abstract: A room heating device includes a supporting body, a thermoacoustic element, a first electrode and a second electrode. The thermoacoustic element is disposed on the supporting body. The first electrode and the second electrode are connected to the thermoacoustic element. The first electrode is spaced apart from the second electrode.

Abstract: An inventive automated heat treatment system has a furnace for heat treating forged engine valves, a carry-in mechanism for transporting the forged valves into the furnace, and a carry-out mechanism for transporting heat treated valves out of the furnace. Each of the carry-in mechanism and the carry-out mechanism has a retention mechanism for retaining valves hung, and a transport mechanism for transporting valves to the furnace as they are hung. The furnace has heating means, groups of paired rails for supporting and moving the valves hung in the furnace, and a stopper for controlling the positions of the valves on the rails. The engine valves are maintained hung with their umbrella-shaped portions supported by the respective mechanisms throughout the automated heat treatment processes. Thus, the heat treatment of engine valves is done in a fewer steps than in a conventional system.

Abstract: A device to preheat a tape for sealing containing compartments with a sealing tape, operates intervening by heating and tensioning a sealing tape by means of a panel.

Abstract: A continuous heating furnace (200) includes a conveyance body (210) stretched in an endless shape and configured to convey a burning target, a furnace main body (212) partially or entirely surrounding the conveyance body to form a burning space, and a roller (214) configured to support a portion of the conveyance body in the furnace main body.

Abstract: The application describes an apparatus and a method for the thermal treatment of substrates, in particular thin film substrates for photovoltaic applications. The apparatus comprises at least one substrate carrier for supporting a substrate, a heating unit having at least one heating element for heating a substrate located on the substrate carrier and at least one heating element carrier for supporting the at least one heating element. The heating element carrier is designed to allow a local change in distance between the substrate carrier and the heating element, so as to be able to provide locally different heating intensities. In the method such a change in distance is carried out during the thermal treatment.

Abstract: A preheating device intended for use in aluminothermic welding operations consists of a housing (12), which receives a nozzle (8) and is provided with a liquid gas feed (9), and a vaporizer (10), which is arranged downstream of the nozzle in the direction of flow, wherein the housing (12) has on its end facing a casting mould a combustion space, which ends in an outflow opening (11) for combustion gases and receives the nozzle, and a portion (22), which encloses the outflow opening (11) and can be inserted into an opening formed in the upper side of the casting mould, and wherein the vaporizer (10) is located between the outflow opening (11) and the nozzle (8), thereby being in heat exchange with the combustion gases.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes wherein at least some of the tubes are elliptical or oval in cross section and each tube includes a longitudinal axis. Each elliptical tube includes a major axis and a minor axis. The plurality of tubes is arranged in a radial pattern such that the major axes of the elliptical tubes intersect a centerline of the heat exchanger. The plurality of tubes is connected to a heater mount and a heater is also connected to the heater mount. A securing element holds the plurality of tubes, the heater and the heater mount together. A tube liner can extend along the longitudinal axis of at least one of the elliptical or oval tubes of the plurality of tubes. If a tube liner is employed, a purge fluid flow channel is defined between an outer periphery of the tube liner and an inner periphery of at least one of the elliptical or oval tubes of the plurality of tubes.

Abstract: A support assembly for use in semiconductor processing includes an application substrate, a heater layer disposed directly onto the application substrate, an insulation layer disposed onto the heater layer, and a second substrate disposed onto the insulation layer. The heater layer is directly disposed onto the application substrate by a layered process such that the heater layer is in direct contact with the application substrate. The application substrate defines a material having a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion that is matched to a coefficient of thermal expansion of the heater layer.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an apparatus for variable substrate temperature control may include a heater moveable along a central axis of a substrate support; a seal ring disposed about the heater, the seal ring configured to interface with a shadow ring disposed above the heater to form a seal; a plurality of spacer pins configured to support a substrate and disposed within a plurality of through holes formed in the heater, the plurality of spacer pins moveable parallel to the central axis, wherein the plurality of spacer pins control a first distance between the substrate and the heater and a second distance between the substrate and the shadow ring; and a resilient element disposed beneath the seal ring to bias the seal ring toward a backside surface of the heater.

Abstract: The subject innovation relates to a furnace and a method for treatment of at least one workpiece in the furnace, wherein the workpiece is heated up in a chamber of the furnace by at least two heating units which are each associated with a workpiece having a first side and a second side, and whereby a first heating unit heats up the first side of the workpiece and a second heating unit heats up the second side of the workpiece. Further, each heating unit comprises at least two pressure pistons with heatable contact surfaces that are arranged next to each other and with the same orientation. Contact is made between the first side of the workpiece and the contact surfaces of the first heating unit, and in that contact is likewise made between the second side of the workpiece and the contact surfaces of the second heating unit.

Abstract: Devices, apparatus, systems and methods of using a portable heater that does not use a separate compressor or blower or vacuum. The heater can be attached to a piping system to dry interior walls and/or heat coatings in the piping system. The heater can be attached to a manifold having alternative inlet end and two outlet ends. The manifold ends can have quick connect fittings with similar fittings to be easily mateably attached by rotating fittings with one another. A quick connect/disconnect air pressure regulator with quick connect fitting can be attached to the manifold ends. A quick connect/disconnect plug with similar quick connect fitting can close the manifold ends.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a portable asphalt recycling and asphalt heat management apparatus comprising a seamless vacuum-formed one-piece combustion chamber that defines a fuel incubator disposed therein. A heat accumulator is operably coupled to the combustion chamber and a hopper assembly is operably coupled to the heat accumulator. The apparatus further comprises a heat distribution system in communication with the heat accumulator and the hopper assembly to provide heat the to the hopper assembly for recycling used asphalt or for maintaining a mixture of asphalt for use in asphalt repairs.

Abstract: A transportation device includes a cover member that is displaceable between a closing position for closing an opening of a body case and an opening position for opening the opening, a processing unit that is arranged inside the body case, and performs a specified processing with respect to a medium transported to a working area communicating with the outside of the body case through the opening when the cover member is positioned at the opening position, and a transmitted unit that is positioned at a first position different from a position between the working area and the processing unit when the cover member is positioned at the closing position, and is positioned at a second position which is the position between the working area and the processing unit when the cover member is positioned at the opening position.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vaporization apparatus and a control method for the same. The vaporization apparatus includes a vaporization crucible adapted to receive a raw material; a vaporization heating unit adapted to vaporize the raw material by heating the vaporization crucible; a temperature measuring unit adapted to measure temperature of the vaporization crucible; a power measuring unit adapted to measure an applied power of the vaporization heating unit; and a control unit adapted to control a vaporization quantity of the raw material based on any one of a temperature variation value of the temperature measuring unit and a power variation value of the power measuring unit. The vaporization apparatus uses a non-contact/electronic method which measures a vaporization quantity through a temperature variation value and a power variation value during vaporization of a raw material.

Abstract: A heating apparatus including: a first heating part and a second heating part between which a substrate having a coating film is disposed at a substrate position in the film thickness direction; and a distance control part which controls at least one of a first distance between the substrate position and the first heating part and a second distance between the substrate position and the second heating part.

Abstract: A system for mounting a heater to structural members having a predetermined spacing includes a first mounting bracket having first and second mounting locations. The first and second mounting locations are spaced apart by a first integer multiple of the predetermined spacing. The system also includes a second mounting bracket having third and fourth mounting locations. The third and fourth mounting locations re spaced apart by the first integer multiple of the predetermined spacing. The system further includes a plurality of attachment points on the heater for attaching the first and second mounting brackets to the heater. The plurality of attachment points is arranged to locate the first, second, third, and fourth mounting locations in a mounting plane, with both the first and the third mounting locations and the second and the fourth mounting locations being spaced apart by a second integer multiple of the predetermined spacing.

Abstract: The method according to the invention for producing cement clinker comprises substantially the following method steps: raw cement material is preheated in a preheater, the preheated material is heated further in a calcining zone while admitting combustion air, and the material heated in this manner is fired in a kiln to form cement clinker, wherein a part of the waste gases developing in the kiln is used to preheat the raw cement material in the preheater, and another part is diverted, and is used in a heat exchanger to preheat the combustion air used in the calcining zone.

Abstract: A product warming device (1) for heating a therapeutic or beauty product and maintaining the product in a heated state. The device (1) includes a container (2) with a reservoir (20) that contains the product, a heater (3) for heating the product, an energy storage means (27, 210, 327) and a docking station (4) that either includes or is connectable to a power source. The container (2) is releasably connectable to the docking station (4) such that, when the container (2) is connected to the docking station (4), the heater is connected to the power source and operable to provide heat to the product and to charge the energy storage means (27, 210, 327) and such that when the container (2) is subsequently disconnected from the docking station (4) the energy storage means (27, 210, 327) is operable to release heat energy to the product.

Abstract: Apparatus for use with multi-zonal heating sources are provided. In some embodiments, a substrate support may have a pocket disposed in a surface of the substrate support and a lip disposed about the pocket to receive an edge of a substrate and to support the substrate over the pocket such that a gap is defined between a pocket surface and a backside surface of the substrate when the substrate is disposed on the lip; a plurality of features to operate in combination with a plurality of heating zones provided by a multi-zonal heating source to provide a desired temperature profile on a frontside surface of a substrate when the substrate is disposed on the lip, and wherein the plurality of features are alternatingly disposed above and below a baseline surface profile of the pocket surface in a radial direction from a central axis of the substrate support.

Abstract: A wafer heating apparatus includes a base member having an upper surface which is flat; an insulating layer having a heater electrode embedded therein; a uniformly heating plate bonded to an upper surface of the insulating layer with an upper surface thereof being closer to a wafer; and a bonding layer made of a filler-containing resin, configured to bond a lower surface of the insulating layer to the upper surface of the base member. The bonding layer includes at least two layers of a first bonding layer on a base member side and a second bonding layer contacted with the insulating layer. The second bonding layer contains fillers with a flat-shape. The fillers are arranged to lie flat along a planar direction of the second bonding layer.

Abstract: In general, the present invention relates to the production of ultrapure phosphorus. In particular, the present invention relates to the method for the production of ultrapure phosphorus by zone melting in a Non-flammable environment and the equipments used in such method. The process of the present invention is clean, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient.

Abstract: A room heating device includes a supporting body, a thermoacoustic element, a first electrode and a second electrode. The thermoacoustic element is disposed on the supporting body. The first electrode and the second electrode are connected to the thermoacoustic element. The first electrode is spaced apart from the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary heat production device (5) for fitting to a closed circuit thermodynamic system associating main heat production means (1) operating by compressing a fluid and a heat exchanger (2) that are interconnected by a fluid flow channel (3). The device (5) is mainly constituted by a plurality of individual channels (8, 9) interposed between an inlet chamber (11) and an outlet chamber (13), each of the chambers (11, 13) including a respective inlet or outlet pipe (10, 12) on a common axis and presenting respective identical main sections corresponding to the total section of the individual channels (8, 9).

Abstract: An article supports a workpiece during thermal processing. At least three elongated support members, e.g., support pins, extend upwardly from an element such as support arms for supporting the workpiece. Each of the support members includes a first portion adjacent to the workpiece. A second portion extends downwardly from the first portion. The first portion can have a thermal response faster than the thermal response of the workpiece and the second portion can have a slower thermal response. A removable element may be mounted to the support member for adjusting the thermal response of the support member. With removable elements, the support members can be adjusted to cause no net transfer of heat to or from the workpiece.

Abstract: A reduced-pressure heat treatment jig is used for supporting a workpiece of iron when the workpiece is subjected to heat treatment in a reduced-pressure atmosphere in which pressure is reduced compared to atmospheric pressure. The jig is formed of an iron material and is formed with a film on at least a contact surface with the workpiece, the film being formed of a material which persists during the heat treatment. The film preferably includes a metal oxide having an evaporating temperature higher than the heat treatment temperature in the reduced-pressure atmosphere. The film preferably contains aluminum oxide.

Abstract: A device for measuring a temperature of a semiconductor wafer comprises a structure adapted to support the semiconductor wafer. The structure has an upper end and a lower end. The upper end contacts the wafer. A photoluminescent material is adapted to emit an emission light energy in response to the temperature of the wafer. A light source is adapted to emit an excitation light energy. The light source is optically coupled to the photoluminescent material. A detector is adapted to measure the emission light energy emitted from the photoluminescent material so as to determine the temperature of the wafer. In specific embodiments, the photoluminescent material may be positioned near the upper end of the structure to measure the temperature of the wafer while the wafer is supported with the structure. The structure may comprise a proximity pin and an optically transparent material.

Abstract: Provided are a microfabricated thermal device using a thin plastic substrate, a manufacturing method thereof, a silicon micro-chamber, a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification chip employing the microfabricated thermal device and the silicon micro-chamber, and a manufacturing method thereof, and a DNA amplification chip array, and a method for manufacturing the DNA amplification chip array. The microfabricated thermal device using a thin plastic substrate can be used for DNA amplification, i.e., a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is essential to DNA related diagnosis and analysis. The plastic-based microfabricated thermal device, includes: a plastic substrate; a heating unit disposed on the top surface of the plastic substrate to supply heat to the plastic substrate; a sensing unit disposed on the top surface of the plastic substrate to detect heat; and a diffusing unit disposed on the bottom surface of the plastic substrate to diffuse heat to the plastic substrate.

Abstract: A device for magnetically annealing magnetoresistive elements formed on wafers includes a heated chuck and a delivery mechanism for individually placing the wafers individually on the chuck one at a time. A coil is adjacent to the chuck and generates a magnetic field after the wafer is heated to a Néel temperature of an anti-ferromagnetic layer. A control system regulates the temperature of the heated chuck, the strength of the magnetic field, and a time period during which each chuck is heated to control the annealing process. The annealed elements are incorporated in the fabrication of magnetic memory devices.

Abstract: An improved apparatus is provided for curing powdered coatings on the face of porous wood products, such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), wherein a pair of inclined infrared catalytic heaters are used to apply heat directly onto the side edges of the board. In addition, catalytic heaters that are normally used to heat and cure the face surface of the board are moved father back to reduce their effectiveness and to limit out-gassing of entrapped air from the inner low density core of the board. This arrangement also allows the coating to cure at the side edges of the board at approximately the same rate as the face of the board, promoting a more uniform curing of the powder coating.

Abstract: A heat insulation pedestal and a vertical type furnace tube is provided. The heat insulation pedestal is used for supporting the furnace tube. The heat insulation pedestal comprises a top support, a plurality of heat insulation plates and a number of connection sections. The top support has an annular base and a reinforced structure. The reinforced structure and the annular base are connected to provide the top support with a structural strength greater than the annular base. The heat insulation plates are set up below the top support. The connection sections connect the heat insulation plates and connect the top support to one of the heat insulation plates. Because the top support has a structural strength greater than the annular base, the pedestal is prevented from undesirable deformation due to heat.

Abstract: A hot water system for a narrowboat which system comprises an auxiliary heater used to heat a potable water tank and further to heat living areas of the narrowboat. The auxiliary heater and a temperature measuring device operable connected to the water tank which terminates operation of the heater when the temperature reaches a predetermined and comfortable level selected by the user. Likewise, a room water circuit is operably attached to the auxiliary heater and is operated by a thermostatically controlled solenoid valve which terminates hot water flow through a radiation within the living areas when the temperature reaches a value selected by the user.

Abstract: A reflow apparatus includes at least one heating unit. Each of the at least one heating unit includes an air blower for circulating air; a partition for defining an air circulating path; at least a first slit heater and a second slit heater for heating a workpiece with the circulating air, the workpiece having a first surface and a second surface; and a furnace housing for accommodating the workpiece. The air blower includes a first fan for blowing the air toward the first surface of the workpiece, a second fan for blowing the air toward the second surface of the workpiece, and a motor for rotating the first fan and the second fan. The first fan and the second fan are provided in correspondence with the at least the first slit heater and the second slit heater.

Abstract: A heating furnace is provided to use for medium and small size incinerator, to control air pollution effectively using waste heat generated from the incinerator and not to require large size equipment. The heating furnace includes a first opening for inserting disposal material, a second opening communicating with a furnace body being capable of heating the disposal material, a heat flow passage formed between the first opening and the second opening, and a heating tube having receiving means, the receiving means receiving the disposal material into the heat flow passage and at the same time dropping the disposal material into the furnace body during the rotation. A motor is connected to the furnace body to obtain electric power by heat generated from the furnace body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a temperature of a microelectronic substrate. In one embodiment, the apparatus can include a substrate support configured to engage and support the microelectronic substrate. The apparatus can further include a temperature controller having one or more thermal links coupled directly with the substrate when the substrate is supported by the substrate support. The thermal links can maintain thermal contact with the substrate when the substrate is either stationary or mobile relative to the temperature controller. The temperature controller can heat or cool different portions of the substrate at different rates with one or more of several heat transfer devices, including liquid jets, gas jets, resistive electrical elements and/or thermoelectric elements.

Abstract: A freight container in the form of a tractor-trailer or intermodal container which is convertible for selectively carrying solid freight or bulk liquid freight including a housing, a plurality of collapsible tanks in the housing, liquid outlets in the tanks and conduits in communication with the liquid outlets located entirely within the housing and an opening in the housing proximate the outlets of the conduits. A liquid washing assembly is permanently mounted on the tanks both in the expanded and collapsed conditions of the tanks. Guide structure is provided in association with the frame of the collapsible tanks for guiding the frame in a perfectly vertical direction both when the tanks are being expanded and being collapsed. The upper and lower edges of the tank sides are bolted and clamped to their associated frames. Hot air ducts encircle the liquid conduits in the bases of the tanks.

Abstract: The invention provides an oven which can be used to rapidly heat and cool a workpiece. In one embodiment, the oven includes a first duct which defines an initial leg of an enclosed air flow path and which has an inner panel and a heat exchanger. This first duct has an inlet end and an outlet end, the inlet end of which is connected to a temperature-controlled air supply. The oven also includes a second duct which defines a final leg of the enclosed air flow path and which has an inner panel spaced from the first duct's inner panel to define an oven cavity. The oven also has a connecting conduit connecting the outlet end of the first duct to the second duct and which defines an intermediate leg of the enclosed air flow path. In a preferred embodiment, the first duct is the lower of the two ducts and includes a plurality of holes through at least the inner panel of the duct.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for painting highway stripes and other patterns on a road surface includes the steps of heating the road surface to be painted or treated with a protective coating to a temperature typically in the range of 150.degree. F. to 165.degree. F. Paint is applied in spray form, the resin and hardener ingredients being mixed preparatory to spraying by a spray head. The paint mixture is sprayed onto the heated road surface as soon after the heat treatment as is practical. The paint spray may be heated as it passes through the nozzle. Granulated glass beads may be dropped onto the paint coating to enhance absorption of heat energy by the paint.

Abstract: A support is provided for supporting the lower header plate and adjacent tube ends of a radiator core within an oven area for even heating thereof preparatory to manually pry and scrapping softened epoxy material from the header plate and about the tube ends. A method also is incorporated wherein after the original epoxy has been removed, fresh epoxy is applied to the header plate about the tube ends and allowed to cure.

Abstract: A mobile fossil fuel heating device allows almost any indoor or outdoor area to be heated with radiant heat. A radiant tube gas burning heater is mounted on a wheeled carriage for rotation about a horizontal axis so that the radiating face of the heater may be positioned in a desired orientation. Once positioned, the heater is held in that position by a clamp arrangement. The fossil fuel for powering the heater may comprise a number of propane tanks mounted on the carriage, and shielded from the heater by infrared shields. Hollow shafts mount the heater for rotation, and a fuel conduit, and an electrical wire, pass through one of the shafts to supply fuel and power to the heater while not interfering with the rotation of the heater.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for processing semiconductor wafers for the construction of integrated circuit structures thereon wherein a semiconductor wafer is supported on the upper surface of a uniformly heated susceptor. The apparatus comprises a chamber, a circular susceptor in the chamber for supporting a semiconductor wafer thereon, heating means in the chamber beneath the susceptor, and support means for peripherally supporting the susceptor in the chamber comprising 3-6 spokes which are each connected at one end to a central hub which is coaxial with the axis of the circular susceptor, but spaced therefrom to permit even thermal distribution across the susceptor, and opposite ends of the spokes peripherally supporting the susceptor adjacent the end edges thereof, to permit uniform heating of the susceptor by the heating means and uniform thermal distribution of the heat through the susceptor.

Abstract: A pyrolyzer for gas chromatography having a subsidiary heater and a main heater. The subsidiary heater is set below the pyrolysis temperature of the sample, e.g., at 300 degrees centigrade, to drive volatile components from the sample. The main heater is set at a pyrolysis temperature to pyrolize the sample, e.g., at 600 degrees centigrade. The sample is placed in the pyrolyzer in a sample vessel that can be positioned to be heated by main heater, the subsidiary heater and a position not heated by either the main heater or the subsidiary heater.

Abstract: A clamp housing for cylindrically wound heaters, particularly for an injection molding nozzle heater has a slit that permits changing the effective diameter of the housing and it is actuated by an axially extending cam pin that can be easily adjusted from an exposed end of the heater. The cam pin has a central cam portion formed between two end hubs that are rotatably mounted with respect to one edge of a longitudinal slit in the clamp housing, and a central cam portion that is mounted in a loop formed from the opposite edge of the slit in the housing. As the cam pin is rotated the two edges of the slit in the housing can be forced together because of the cam action and the housing will tighten around a heater held on the interior of the clamp.

Abstract: A clamp for securing a heater element to an injector barrel that includes a tube disposed about the heater element having a slit extending along the entire length of the tube which forms slit edges extending between ends of the tube. Clips extend about the tube and have central clip portions slidably engaging the tube by the slit edges. The clips are joined to a pair of clip pivots which define a pivotal axis substantially normal to the slit edges and extend through the tube at a location spaced away from the slit edges. The clips pivot with respect to the tube by using adjustment screws such that the central clip portion slides along the length of the tube to compress the tube around the heater element.

Abstract: An asphalt recycling conveyor system has a substantially horizontal collecting trough for receiving returned, unused hot mix asphalt. Deflecting plates are provided at the back and ends of this trough, and spaced guard rails extend across it. Asphalt is moved in the trough by an auger having standard pitch to a hopper at one end of the trough. Asphalt lump breaking rods extend from the auger shaft above the hopper to prevent these lumps from bridging the hopper opening. An elevating trough may receive the asphalt from the collection trough hopper and carry it to a higher elevation. The elevating trough has an auger having one-half standard pitch and is turned at a faster speed than the collection trough auger. Heat trace lines are provided on the bottom of the troughs to prevent asphalt buildup.

Abstract: The cylinder for guiding a web of textile material comprises at least one hollow space which is partly filled with a liquid heat carrier and can be evacuated. The pressure increase in the hollow space if the temperature is increased is to be limited to values below a multiple of calculated safety even though heat carriers with a steeply rising vapor pressure curve such as water are used. The solution consists in that only a quantity of heat carrier which can be evaporated completely in the volume of the hollow space already before a predetermined vapor pressure is reached, is contained in the hollow space.

Abstract: A paper holder, especially for a small office type photocopying machine or the like, is provided with two sections disposed one behind the other for respective stacks of paper sheets. The sections of the holder are disposed so that they can be selectively utilized with the one or the other ends of the holder inserted into the copying machine. Paper sheets are fed to the machine from the respective one of the sections inserted into the machine. The other sheet stack which may contain a paper of a different format or a different quality is then held in reserve in the same paper holder. The paper holder is provided with a heater in order to facilitate the drying of both stacks of paper and also so that the stack of paper held in reserve is immediately ready upon its insertion to give error free copying qualities.

Abstract: A gas-fired infrared heater for projecting an infrared beam in a radiation pattern having a predetermined geometry for irradiating the surface of a food product or other body to effect uniform heating thereof at a rapid rate. The heater includes a ribbon-type burner having an elongated pre-mix casing into which is fed air and gas, and an outlet extending along a slot in the casing and projecting therefrom. The outlet is provided with two sets of corrugated ribbons separated by a gas pressure chamber, whereby the air-gas mixture from the casing passes through one set into the chamber where the pressure thereof is equalized before the mixture passes through the other set from which it emerges as a sheet of flame of uniform intensity. The outlet is inserted in the longitudinal socket of a refractory body to impinge on a surface thereof whereby the surface is heated to a temperature level causing the surface to emit infrared energy which is projected by an array of radiation horns formed in the assembly.

Abstract: A ladle preheat station includes a firing wall through which a burner fires into an open end of a ladle juxtapositioned with respect to the wall, an air curtain means positioned about the firing wall so as to direct a curtain of air toward the ladle to eliminate ambient air infiltration between the firing wall and the ladle lip. In a preferred form an insulating refractory is placed along the inner-most edge of the air curtain means to reradiate the radiated heat and minimize slot radiation heat losses.